Sensation & Perception & Learning Pretest (2/20 - 3/5)

primary

______ reinforcers have innate reinforcing qualities.

signal detection

catherine is at a crowded baseball game when she loses track of her son, nick. despite the loud cheering and noise of the crowd, she can pinpoint his lcoation when he calls for her because she can distinguish the sound of his voice from the all the other voices. this illustrates ______ theory.

nociception

felicia smacks her thumb with a hammer while building a doghouse. the sense of ______ provides her brain with information about the pain she feels.

model

gabrielle watches her father put batteries into her toy phone, and she is then able to put the batteries into the toy phone herself without further instruction from her father. in this example, gabrielle's father is a ______.

umami and fat content

in addition to sweet, salty, sour, and bitter, what other taste groupings do we possess?

congential analgesia

ronaldo was born without the ability to experience pain, though he can perceive temperature differences and changes in pressure. what is his condition called?

muller-lyer

two lines appear to be a different length, though in reality they are the same length. this is known as the ______ illusion.

high; low

______-frequency sound waves are perceived as high-pitched sounds, while ______-frequency sound waves are perceived as low-pitched sounds.

learning can occur by watching others and modeling what they do or say.

according to albert bandura, ______.

edward c. tolman

although b.f. skinner and john b. watson refused to believe that thoughts and expectations play a role in learning, ______ suggested a cognitive aspect to learning.

unconditioned response

in classical conditioning, the ______ is an unlearned reaction to a given stimulus. for example, if you have an allergy to pollen and sneeze, sneezing is an unlearned reaction to the pollen (i.e., the stimulus).

their injuries and secondary infections of injured sites

individuals suffering from congenital analgesia have a shorter lifespan due to ______.

instincts

what are innate behaviors that are triggered by a broader range of events, such as aging and the change of seasons?

inattentional blindness

what concept is illustrated by the following study? participants were instructed to focus on either white or black objects, disregarding the other color. when a red cross passed across the screen, about one third of the subjects did not notice it.

those who are given verbal priming produce a biased interpretation of complex ambiguous figures.

what has research by goolkasian & woodbury (2010) demonstrated about patter perception?

one can learn new behaviors by observing others.

what is the main idea of social learning theory?

top-down

what kind of processing is exemplified by the following scenario. shimon offers mouin some salmon. mouin thinks, "how nice. my friend is offering me fish. i wonder where he get it." this thought leads mouin to feel happy, appreciaitve, and curious; he responds with a smile and an extended hand.

the word "operant" should be changed to the word "classical."

what should be changed to make the following sentence true? in operant conditioning, organisms learn to associate events that repeatedly happen together.

the word "acquisition" should be changed to the word "recovery."

what should be changed to make the following sentence true? spontaneous acquisition is the return of a previously extinguished conditioned response.

tasting freshly caught salmon

which of the following exemplifies gustation?

classical conditioning

which of the following is a process by which we learn to associate stimuli and, consequently, to anticipate events?

the pupil of your eye contracting in the presence of bright light

which of the following is an example of a reflex: an unlearned, automatic response by an organism to a stimulus in the environment?

remembering where the nearest gas station is when you unexpectedly run out of gas during your morning commute

which of the following is an example of latent learning?

when a dog plays dead she gets a treat in order to encourage her to repeat the behavior

which of the following is an example of operant conditioning?

iris

which part of the eye holds eye color?

shaping

which term best describes rewarding successive approximations of a target behavior?

top-down

which type of processing involves the interpretation of sensations and is influenced by available knowledge, experiences, and thoughts?

they have sensory receptors that respond to molecules in the food we eat or in the air we breathe.

why are olfaction and gustation called chemical senses?

variable interval

you call a friend on the phone and repeatedly get sent to voicemail, so you continue to call her every 5-20 minutes hoping to speak to her personally, which reinforcement schedule is this?

propioception

what allows nancy to run without watching her feet and hit a baseball without focusing on the bat?