Sexual Arousal and Response
Describe where Grafenberg spot is located. Is it sensitive to pressure?
-Area on lower front wall of vagina -Sensitive to pressure -Sometimes results in "ejaculation"
Sexual response cycle, phase: EXCITEMENT. Name the reaction common to both sexes
-Increase myotonia heart rate, and blood pressure -Sex flush and nipple erections occur
Sexual response cycle, phase: PLATEU: name the reaction common to both sexes (2)
-Myotonia becomes pronounced and involuntary muscular contractions may occur in hands and feet -Heart rate, blood pressure, and breathing increases
Sexual response cycle, phase: RESOLUTION: name the reactions common to both sexes (3)
-Myotonia subsides, and heart rate, blood pressure, and breathing rates return to normal immediately after orgasm -Sex flush disappears rapidly -Nipple erection subsides slowly
MEN: What is the aging effect of RESOLUTION in the sexual response cycles?
-Occurs more rapidly -Refractory period lengthens
Sexual response cycle, phase: EXCITEMENT. Name the male response (3)
-Penis become erect -Testes elevate and engorge -Scrotal skin thickens and tenses
Draw Kaplan's graph of Sexual Response
-See power point, has three phases: desire, excitement, and orgasm
Sexual response cycle, phase: RESOLUTION: name the female response (4)
-clitoris descends and engorgement slowly subsides -labia return to unaroused size -uterus descends to unaroused size -lack of orgasm after period of high arousal may dramatically slow resolution
Sexual response cycle, phase: EXCITEMENT. Name the female response (5)
-clitoris swells -labia major separate away from vaginal opening -labia minora swell and darken in color -lubrications begins -Uterus elevates -breast enlarge
Sexual response cycle, phase: ORGASM: name the male response (2)
-during emission phase, internal sex structures undergo contractions, causing pooling of seminal fluid in urethral bulb -During expulsion phase, semen expelled by contractions of muscles around base of penis
Sexual response cycle, phase: PLATEU: name the male response (2)
-engorgement and elevation of testes becomes more pronounced -cowpers gland secretion may occur
Sexual response cycle, phase: RESOLUTION: name the name resides (3)
-erection subsides over a period of a few minutes -testes descend and return to their normal size. Scrotum resumes wrinkled appearance -resolution is quite rapid in most men
Sexual response cycle, phase: ORGASM: name the reaction common to both sexes (3)
-involuntary muscle spasms throughout body -Blood pressure, breathing, and heart rates at maximum levels -involuntary contraction of rectal sphincter
Sexual response cycle, phase: ORGASM: name the female response (2)
-orgasmic platform contracts rhythmically 3-15 times -uterine contractions occur
Sexual response cycle, phase: PLATEU: name the female response (3)
-orgasmic platform forms -clitoris remains retracted under its hood -uterine contraction occurs
What are Masters and Johnson's four phases?
1. Excitement 2. Plateau 3. Orgasm 4. Resolution
MEN: What is the aging effect of PLATEAU in the sexual response cycles?
Able to sustain plateau phase longer
Name two steroid hormones that play a role in sexual behavior. Where are each produced
Androgens (including testosterone): produced by testes, adrenal glands, and ovaries Estrogens: produced by ovaries and testes Women and men produce both types
Women: What is the aging effect of PLATEAU in the sexual response cycles?
Decreased vagina flexibility
Name two neurotransmitters that effect sexual arousal
Dopamine facilitates sexual arousal Serotonin inhibits sexual arousal
Name two hormones in female sexual behavior
Estrogens -Overall link between estrogen and female sexual behavior is unclear -Estrogen therapy (ET) Testosterone -Role as major libido hormone in females
Name two forms of testosterone
Free and bound -Free testosterone linked to libido -Although women have less free testosterone, their cells are more sensitive to it than men's
What is Anaphrodisiacs? List examples
Inhibits sexual behavior -Drugs (e.g., opiates, tranquilizers) -Antihypertensives, antidepressants, and antipsychotics -Birth control pills -Nicotine -Constricts blood flow -Possibly reduces circulating testosterone
MEN: What is the aging effect of EXCITEMENT in the sexual response cycles?
Lengthened time to erection
How do most female orgasms result?
Most female orgasms during partnered sex result from stimulation of the clitoris or oral sex
Do aphrodisiacs really work?
No clear evidence of genuine aphrodisiac qualities Role of expectations
Women: What is the aging effect of ORGAMS in the sexual response cycles?
Number of uterine contractions decrease
Women: What is the aging effect of RESOLUTION in the sexual response cycles?
Occurs more rapidly
What is the shortest phase of sexual response cycle?
Orgasm
MEN: What is the aging effect of ORGASM in the sexual response cycles?
Reduced muscular contractions and force of ejaculation
Describe what actions cause oxytocin to be released, and what the effects are
Secreted during cuddling and physical intimacy -Increased skin sensitivity -High levels associated with orgasmic release for women and men -Emotional and erotic bonding -For women, stimulates contractions of uterine wall during orgasm
Name the other senses and how they affect sexual arousal
Smell may arouse or offend (Pheromones) Taste plays a minor role Hearing plays a variable role
What are Aphrodisiacs? What are some examples of aphrodisiacs?
Substances believed to arouse sexual desire or increase capacity for sexual activity -Food -Drugs -Alcohol -Yohimbine
This is a sex hormone in male sexual behavior, name the hormone and qualities of the hormone
Testosterone -Linked to sexual desire and genital sensitivity -Castration leads to reduced sexual desire -Antiandrogen drugs -Hypogonadism
What happens to testosterone levels with aging
Testosterone levels decrease with age -Fairly rapid decrease for women at menopause; more gradual decline for men
What is the dominant "sexual sense" and the two types of zones associated with this sense
Touch is the dominant "sexual sense" Primary erogenous zones Secondary erogenous zones
Women: What is the aging effect of EXCITEMENT in the sexual response cycles?
Vaginal lubrication begins more slowly, reduced amount
Name two basic physiological processes
Vasocongestion Myotonia- inability to relax voluntary muscle after vigorous effort.
In this sense, Men self-report higher arousal than women. Women and men have similar physiological responses
Visual stimuli
Name one neuropeptide hormone that plays a role in sexual behavior
oxytocin
