Sharp Lesson 1-7
verbal communication
A channel for exchanging information, thoughts, feelings, and attitudes between people using words.
James Rowland
A probation officer in Fresno, California who created the first victim's impact statement
Dr. Martin Symonds
A psychiatrist who worked with trauma victims for the New York City police and discovered that the first moments of interaction with police officers at the scene of the crime are crucial to victims
Dr. Morton Bard
A psychologist at New York University who wrote The Crime Victim's Book, a book for victims of crimes
Culture
A system of beliefs and customs that comprise the shared values, attitudes and lifestyles of a particular group
Culture
A system of beliefs, customs (habits and practices), values, attitudes and lifestyles of a particular group is a description of
The Army's policy on sexual harassment is
AR 600-20 Chapter 7
three victim assistance programs were created in 1972
Aid for Victims of Crime in St. Louis, Missouri; Bay Area Women against Rape (BAWAR) in San Francisco, California; and the Rape Crisis Center in Washington, DC.
Sexual Innuendo
An indirect remark suggesting something rude or sexual in nature Not necessarily illegal or malicious Can be construed as offensive
The methods for resolving a sexual harassment complaint are:
Anonymous Informal Formal
Seven active listening techniques are
Engaging Focusing Thinking Questioning Clarifying Paraphrasing Using "I"
Army's historical perspective taught us about addressing the problems of sexual harassment and sexual assault
reactive in its response to events and its emphasis on modifying victim behavior as a means of reducing incidents. This perspective was changed to a proactive one with a focus on addressing offender behaviors and accountability.
three reasons people act to intervene?
• confidence • feel responsible • supported
What are the reasons people do nothing?
•Fearful •Unskilled
three things did psychiatrist Martin Symonds discovers
1) Sometimes law enforcement interaction following a crime brings about a re-victimization 2) Most victims of different forms of trauma respond in the same ways 3) Quality intervention has consistent characteristics
In the complaint process, what are the four considerations to be prepared?
1) Be able to explain your role as a SARC/VA 2) Review potential questions to ask complainants 3) Review potential questions to expect from complainants 4) Create a safe environment.
eight rights of the Crime Victim's Rights Act
1.Right to be reasonably protected from the accused 2.Right to reasonable, accurate, and timely notice 3.Right not to be excluded from any public proceedings 4.Right to be reasonably heard 5.Reasonable right to confer with government's attorney 6.Right to full and timely restitution as provided in law 7.Right to proceedings free from unreasonable delay 8.Right to be treated with fairness and with respect for the victim's dignity and privacy
Apart from misperception of social norms, what are three reasons that people don't intervene?
Assumed it wasn't a problem. • Didn't know when/how to intervene. • Assumed it was none of their business. • Assumed someone else would intervene. • Feared for personal safety.
Why is it important to maintain appropriate boundaries of communication?
Because they: Model healthy communication and professional relationships, appropriately deliver services, avoid re-victimization, and maintain accountability
AR 600-20, Army Command Policy, devotes which chapters and appendices to sexual harassment and sexual assault?
Chapter 7, Appendices F-N
Dr. Ann Burgess
Coined the term "Rape Trauma Syndrome"
What are some boundary violations?
Engaging in a personal and/or sexual relationship with the victim, inviting the victim to your home, accepting goods or services from the victim, accepting monetary gifts or gifts of value from the victim, extending an invitation of a purely social nature to the victim, sharing personal information with the victim such as sharing your opinion about the victim's reporting options, and supporting a course of action that you believe is in the victim's best interest without his or her consent.
is responsible for creating a climate of prevention.
Everyone
Stress
Examples of specifics related to sexual harassment includecharacter attacks, same-sex harassment, and for males, masculinity being called into question
What are potential physical effects of sexual harassment?
Fatigue Loss of appetite Muscle pain Decreased coordination Headaches Insomnia Stomach problems Weight loss or gain Increased blood pressure Sexual disinterest or dysfunction
1965
First Crime victim compensation program was established in California
Benefits of a Climate of Prevention- increase:
Increases: •Shared expectations •Trust and cohesion •Respect for fellow Soldiers •Mission effectiveness
List the six methods used to assess the climate of a unit.
Informal methods: •Everyday observations •One-on-one conversations Formal methods: •Unit records •Staff/unit meetings •Focus groups •Surveys or assessments
four types of Army briefings are
Information Decision Mission Staffing
Place in order the phases of a presentation, briefing or speech.
Introduction Presentation Summary
Which of the following resources should you refer Soldiers with complaints or harassment or discrimination based on sexual orientation?
Judge Advocate General EO Commander Chaplain Harassment based on sexual orientation is an EO issue, but sexual harassment is a SHARP issue regardless of orientation
2004
Justice for All Act passed
What are the four prevention steps the Army advocates using to prevent sexual harassment and sexual assault.
Know and Follow the Rules Reduce Threats Promote Awareness Influence Behavior
organization credentials SARCs and VAs
National Organization for Victim Assistance (NOVA)
1975
National Organization for Victim Assistance is founded
1981
National Victims' Rights Week is proclaimed
intervention process
Notice the event Interpret it as a problem Feel responsible for solving it Choose how to intervene Build the culture to eliminate the problem
Intervention
Occurs when something is already underway and you take action to stop it.
What can we do to reduce each of the intervention barriers?
One of the important tasks of a leader is to know the 'true norm" - i.e. to know how everyone in the unit actually feels and to help the "silent majority" come out in the open with their views. In order to be able to intervene, it is important not only to identify misperceptions but how to overcome them to create a values-driven environment that everyone understands, adheres to, and models at all times. Live the Army values.
elements of P5D
PROJECTION PITCH PACE PAUSES PRONUNCIATION DISTRACTORS
Campaign Phases
Phase I - Committed Army Leadership Phase II - Army wide Conviction Phase III - Achieve Cultural Change Phase IV - Sustainment, Refinement, and Sharing
potential impacts of sexual harassment on the unit?
Potential answers may include decreased productivity, polarization in the unit, a disrespectful environment, and a distraction from goals and mission accomplishment and the creation of an environment that is tolerant of other, and future, problem behavior.
Identify important communication boundaries that you should establish with a victim.
Provide him or her professional information only. Do not promote a false sense of security. You must give these guidelines up front. Discuss up front that you are an advocate and a coordinator, not a counselor. Guide the victim based on what he or she needs and where he or she needs to go, and do not let the victim get too connected or emotionally tied to you.
Climate
Recurring patterns of behaviors, attitudes and feelings that characterize life in the organization
Benefits of a Climate of Prevention- Reduce:
Reduces: •Tolerance of inappropriate behavior •Behaviors that lead to sexual harassment and/or sexual assault
enhancing nonverbal communication
Remain silent Make sympathetic sounds Nod your head appropriately Sit at an angle Smile Appear relaxed Be interested in what the victim is saying
The Army integrated _______ and _______ to create the SHARP Program.
SAPR POSH
Anxiety
Talking about what happened may cause too much pain and concern for the individual, who may also think that what is mentioned or witnessed in the present could also trigger similaremotions (or flashbacks) from past experiences.
Intervention
The action of coming in or between something by way of hindrance or modification
Prevention
The action of stopping something from happening or arising
Prevention
The action of stopping something from happening or arising
1995
The first class graduated from the NVAA
1972
The first three victim assistance programs were created
Fear
The individual may be afraid of potential effects of the experience, which could include concern for retaliation, being isolated or ostracized, and the harasser becoming angry overgetting in trouble
Shame
The individual may feel ashamed of what has happened and may not want to accept the idea that he or she has been sexually harassed; this may cause the individual to feel as if he or sheshould have been able to prevent or eliminate the harassment.
Embarassment
The individual may feel humiliated by the experience
Guilt
The individual may feel responsibility for what has happenedand blame him or herself
Mistrust
The individual may have difficulty believing in others' intentions. As a result, he or she may not want to report anything because of a feeling that reporting the incident isuseless and that no one will believe it occurred
Confusion
The individual may not know how to describe what has happened.
What is the goal of leveraging the Army Values for the SHARP Program?
To establish the norm of intervening to prevent sexual harassment and sexual assault.
purpose of the DoD Sexual Assault Advocate Certification Program (D-SAACP)
To standardize sexual assault response to victims and professionalize military victim advocacy.
Sexual harassment includes which of the following?
Unwelcomed sexual advances Requests for sexual favors
What verbal communicators should not be used during a presentation?
Use of a monotone voice, speaking too slow/fast, using fillers (umm, ah, ok, you know, etc.), slurring, mumbling words or phrases, and exhibiting nervous vocal habit (throat clearing, sniffing, humming.
Categories of Sexual Harassment
Verbal Non-Verbal Physical Contact
five ways a single incident of sexual assault can affect an entire unit.
Victims may not be able to fulfill their duties or may otherwise have their ability to perform the mission compromised. • Soldiers are distracted from their mission by a potential threat to their own safety and well-being. • Alleged perpetrators are often placed on administrative hold and therefore cannot deploy with their units. • Divisiveness may exist not only within a unit but also between units if an alleged perpetrator is in one unit and the victim is in another. • Unit leadership attention shifts from the normal duties involved in maintaining readiness to investigation, charges, handling of the accused, addressing a victim's needs, and restoring the unit's cohesion and trust.
Two reasons people may not interpret an even as a problem are _____ and _____.
ambiguity conformity
values represent
an integral part of culture and establish what a group's members will or will not accept in a given situation.
Confidentiality in complaints of sexual harassment may only be promised or guaranteed by _____ or a _____.
chaplain lawyer
What are some potential impacts of sexual harassment on an individual?
difficulty with trust decreased performance Depression Detachment
The "I.A.M." in the I.A.M. Strong Campaign stands for
intervene, act, and motivate
victimology
is the scientific study of victimization including the relationships between victims and offenders, the interactions between victims and the criminal justice system (that is, the police, the courts, and corrections officials), and the connections between victims and other social groups and institutions, such as the media, businesses, and social movements.
A presentation should include the speaker's
name duty topic statement motivator transition