SHRM-CP

what goals should you set for each KPI

"SMARTER" goals S- specific M- measurable A- attainable R- relevant T- time bound E- evaluated R- revised

what does it mean to be in loco parentis

"in place of a parent"; used in expansion of FMLA to employees who stand in place of a parent with day to day things to care for and financially support a child or who have a day to day responsibility to care for or finally support a person ho stood "in loco parentis" for them

what is ethnocentrism

"our way is the best"

what is replacement planning

"snapshot" assessment of the availability of qualified back-up for key management positions

what is aptitude / aptitude test

- ability to learn information or acquire a skill - measure the general ability or capacity to earn or acquire a new skill

how do you prevent workplace retaliation

- adopt and disseminate a strong anti-retaliation policy - inform employees about the process for reporting - train managers on retaliation - remind supervisors of policy - monitor the treatment of employees - investigate allegations and take corrective action if needed

what is merit pay

- based on performance - when an org bases salary on the level of individual skills - use it when employees are underpaid but company has a salary burden

what is the structure of a work council

- both management and worker reps - only worker reps who are overseen by a member of management - only worker rep with no management oversight

what is the international labor organization (ILO)

- captures key issues relating to employee rights - recognized and accepted by the world trade org - came from commission on internal labor legislation following treaty of versailles

what is HR responsible for educating employees on unions

- certification - defintion of work untis - employees covered - elections/campaigns

what is an in-house mainframe payroll system

- conducting within the org instead of relying on outsourcing. - uses its own employees to keep a division or business activity

what is decision-maker access

- data mining tools - good for compliance reporting

what is a defined contribution plan

- depends on the contributions and investment of the assets in his/her account - retirement income is not guaranteed - employers and employee's contribution is guaranteed and plans are fully funded - value of account depends on how much is contributed and how investments perform - immediately vested - income is a function of the fund's investment growth - employee bears the risk of underperforming assets - employer and sometimes employee make an annual payment to the retirement account - ex: 401k

what is six sigma

- disciplined, data-driven approach and methodology for eliminating defects - requires on high quality and few errors, quantifiable return on value

what is a database management system (DBMS)

- electronically manages stored data - relational database = less redundant data - facilities info sharing

what are the rules of agency compaints and litigation

- employee / union complaints have to be made to gov't or statutory agencies (not internally) - specialized employment courts are often used (some in civil courts)

what is the health insurance portability and accountability act

- employees can switch their health insurance plans when they change employers - they are allowed to get health insurance with a new company without consideration of pre-existing health conditions - group health insurance plans can't drop a sick employee - have to make individual plans available to individuals who leave the group plan

what are public policy exemptions

- employees may not be fired without cause if this would violate state or federal laws - terms that can be proven to be a violation of a federal anti-discrimination law (ex: ADA) would not be protected under an at-will doctrine - protected: talking about work conditions, unions, whistle-blowing

what is employment at will

- employers can hire, fire, demote, or promote at any time for any reason - employees can quit for any reason with or without prior notice

what is employee self service (ESS)

- enabled through HR portal - employees access their info and make changes - save HR time and money

what is a disadvantage of time-based pay systems

- it does not reflect performance differences except for unsatisfactory performance - it can raise average pay levels over time even if performance is below average

what is the pregnancy discrimination in employment act

- maternity leave must be treated as any other personal or medical leave - pregnancy must be treated the same as a temporary disability - pregnant people still have access to benefits, sick leave, and reinstatement

what is a grievance procedure

- most likely included in a collective bargaining agreement - provides an orderly way to resolve the inevitable differences of opinion in regard to the union contract

what are cumulative trauma disorders (CTDs) and what are they caused by

- muscle and skeletal injuries that occur when workers receptively use the same motions - can be helped with ergonomics poor workplace design that results in excessive force, awkward positions, frequent repetitions, or excessive pressure - how to solve: ergonomist

what is the privacy act

- only to federal agencies and orgs that supply services to the federal gov't that protects worker privacy - areas of concern are pre-employment background checks, post-employment background, and communication to others

what are intellectual property rights

- org has ownership of innovation by an individual or business enterprise - a product of employee creativity and enterprise resources - includes patents, trademarks and copyrights (ex: inventions, processes, images, logos, works) - includes trade secrets/confidential info even though its not specifically protected under patents

what is the wagner act

- protects the rights of employees to organize unhampered by management; aka NLRA -part of the NLRA -called the magna carta of labor laws -pro union - outgrowth of great depression, workers could easily be replaced - the official policy of the US gov't was to encourage collective bargaining - established the right of workers to organize free from management interference - employees could or could not participate in union membership

what is the railway labor act

- provided railroad employees the right to organize and bargain collectively; now covers both railroad and airline -a shift in gov't regulation of unions -joint effort (railroad and union) to reduce transportation strikes -gave railroad employees "the right to organize and bargain collectively through their own representatives" -airlines were later added - complex dispute resolution process (unions or management can use NLRB, multistage dispute process, the president to appoint an emergency board) - end result is subject to political interference and unions often work 2+ years after the expiration of old contracts

what is the global reporting initiative (GRI)

- provides guidance for reporting on sustainability - a network based multi-stakeholder org that provides a voluntary standard for sustainability measurement and reporting - it measures labor relations, human rights, child labor, diversity, health and safety, wellness, employee satisfaction

what is the purpose of broadbanding

- reduces the number of job grades within a company - supports de-layering efforts, which reduces the number of reporting levels within an org

what is the vietnam era veterans readjustment assistance act

- requires an AAP in hiring qualified vietnam era veterans and disabled veterans for an gov't contractors with $10,000+ in federal contracts

what is the immigration reform and control act

- requires employers to determine whether an employee has the legal right to work in the US - prohibits discrimination against job applicants on the basis of national origin or citizenship - establishes penalties for hiring illegal aliens - an I-9 form must be completed by the employee within 72 hours of hire and retained for 3 years

what 3 things does HIPAA NOT do

- requires employers to provide a specified level of coverage - it guarantees insurance coverage for all workers - it eliminates waiting periods imposed by insurance plans

what are core competencies

- skills, knowledge, and abilities that employees must possess to perform essential job functions - set of behaviors encompassing skills, knowledge, abilities, and personal attributes that are critical to successful work accomplishment

what is imputed income

- the amount a company pays on behalf of the employee for which the employee pays taxes - employers can provide group-term life insurance policies to employees of up to $50,000 with no tax consequences - the amount over that is considered imputed income and is taxed at a rate set by the IRS (ex: a group-term life policy of $150,000 ($100,000 would be imputed)

what is a defined benefit plan

- the amount an employee receives from employer varies based on a formula - employer must fund the plan to the evil required by the formula - employer bears the risk that funds will be available when required for retirement distributions - retirement income is guaranteed - employers and employee's contribution is not guaranteed and plans are not fully funded - not immediately vested - ex: pension plan

what is labor relations

- the way an org chooses to manage their relationships with employees as a whole rather than individually - 3 parties: labor/trade unions, work councils, professional associations - HR is directly involved

what is section 125 FSA

- under the revenue act of 1978 - allows employees to convert a taxable cash benefit (salary) into non-taxable benefits - permits the employer to save money spent for some health-plan premiums

what is codetermination

- union or worker reps are given positions on a company's board of directors - employees have a role in the management of a company that includes worker reps with voting rights on the corporate board of directors

what is the contract negotiation process

- usually a small group of management and union officials - union submits a contract proposal to employer to negotiate - goal is to end up with a workable contract - if they can't agree, mediation (non-binding) or arbitration (binding) might be used - if negotiation is a success the result is a collective bargaining agreement (CBA) - CBA governs the day to day relationship between the employer and employees - HR is not always directly involved

what is enterprise resource planning (ERP)

- usually in large companies - contains a shared database - benefits: able to share data through common database, more current, common/familiar look across functions

what is salary compression

- when there is only a small difference in pay between employees regardless of their skills, experience, or seniority, also known as pay compression - when a company pay spread between newly hired or less qualified employees and more qualified job incumbents is small

what is the paycheck fairness act

- women who were targets of unequal pay and pay inequity are allowed to sue

what are the different levels of union workers

- work unit- employees choose representatives by election, larger employers may have multiple work units that are categorized by location or type of work - regional, national, and international levels in the union hierarchy all exist - members pay fees to support a variety of union activities

what is manager self services (MSS)

-accessed through a portal - view info and create reports on subordinates - complete transactions previously handled by HR - manage functions like succession planning, onboarding

what is an agent-principal relationship

-employees with supervisory authority have an agent-principle relationship with the employer - regulations on ULPs (unfair labor practice) that apply to employers also apply to acts of individual managers and supervisors

what is the NLRB

-enforcement of the wagner act - conduct union rep elections, investigate complaints, issue opinions, and prosecute violations in court - members are appointed by the president and confirmed by the senate

what is a union

-formal association of workers that promotes the interests of its members through collective action - in the US they try to improve comp, working conditions, influence workplace rules - decided through collective bargaining and specified in formal contracts

what are work councils

-permanent bodies composed members that represents employees, local or org level - primary purpose is information and consultation - they are not involved in contract negotiations (conducted by unions) - unions may support the election of certain members to councils - there are NO work councils in the US (violations of section 8a2 of the NLRA, which prohibits company-dominated unions) - groups of workers and management charged with examining how to improve company performance, working conditions, job security

what is a yellow dog contract

-pledges by workers not to join a labor union -if they did, they were subject to discipline or termination

what is the landrum-griffin act

-protects democratic rights of union members -unions are required to establish bylaws, make financial reports, a bill of rights - unions must file a financial report detailing all receipts and disbursements of funds with different breakdowns

what is the taft-hartley act

-right to work -offsets the pro-union wagner act by limiting union actions - considered to be pro-management and is the second major labor law - confirmed employees section 7 rights - elections excluded supervisors in the bargaining unit - union workers could hold elections to deauthorize the union - allowed states to enact right to work laws -identified unfair labor practices by unions - expanded NLRB from 3 to 5 members - established the federal mediation and conciliation service (FMCS) - help settle contract disputes (if they're not within 30 days)

what is the norris-laguardia act

-stock market crash and great depression let to cut backs - guaranteed workers rights to organize and restrict the issuance of court injunctions (when employers could order workers to return to work) against nonviolent union activity such as strikes, picketing, and boycotts - prohibits employers from asking employees to sign yellow-dog contracts -freed employees from constraints and punishments that employers used previously

how many employees are required for the vietnam era veterans act

1 or more and $10,000+ in federal contracts

how many employees are required for the drug-free workplace act

1 or more and $100,000+ for federal contracts or federal grants

how many employees are required for the Davis-Bacon Act of 1931

1 or more and $2,000+ for federal contracts

how many employees are required for the vocational rehabilitation act

1 or more and $2,500+ in federal contracts

how many employees are required for the walsh-healy act of 1936

1 or more in manufacturing/supplying industries and $10,000+ in federal contracts

what are the 5 secondary activities of a value chain

1. HR management- how does HR relate to/work with other parts of the value chain 2. supply management 3. final 4. legal 5. technology

what are 6 key HR metrics

1. HR staff and expenses 2. compensation 3. retention and quality 4. staffing 5. training 6. development

what are 4 ways to gain trust

1. ability (competence)- do i trust them because i know they can do the job 2. integrity- do they treat everyone fairly/respectively 3. benevolence- do they keep the best for the group in mind 4. felt trust- how much do you think the other person trusts you. how to increase: delegate tasks, feedback, don't micro-manage

what are 3 labor relations strategies

1. acceptance- costs of fighting union may be high, org accepts unionization for good reasons, might be the norm of industry 2. avoidance- avoiding/resisting the org can decrease union appeal, offer good wages 3. adaptation- if its already unionized, org can define type of relationship they want. confrontational: difficult contract bargaining and tense administration of agreement. collaborative: org sees the union as a t, willing to work with them to better manage

what are the 3 main roles HR does within an org

1. administrative 2. operational/employee advocate 3. strategic

what 6 things should an employment relationship strategy (ER) include

1. alignment with the org strategy 2. alignment with employment laws and business practices 3. a vision describing the type of workplace culture the leaders want 4. the value the strategy is built on 5. strategic goals 6. strategic initiatives (how to achieve goals)

what are the 4 stages of the global assignment process

1. assessment and selection- ensures org has right people/places/time 2. management assignee decision- due diligence, candidate evaluates offer, cost-benefit analysis, prep plan, accept/reject plan, candidate considers plan 3. pre-departure preparation- use third party vendor/pre-departure checklist to address key issue (ex: visa/work permit) honeymoon, culture shock, and adjustment 4. completing the assignment- frequently overlooked. repatriation: adjustment back to home country

what are the 5 parts of conflict resolution

1. avoidance- lose/lose (worst) 2. accommodation- lose/win. can lead to "you owe me" 3. compromise- in the middle. easy way out 4. competition- win/lose 5. collaboration- win/win (best)

what are 3 ways to tell the health of a business

1. balance sheet- assets, liabilities, equity 2. income statement 3. cash flow statement- operations, investing, financing

what are 6 steps to having a global mindset

1. big picture 2. embrace change 3. trust the process 4. open-minded 5. inclusive 6. ready to learn

what are the 5 situational approaches to leadership

1. blake mouton- managerial grid. ex: impoverished (low concern for results low concern for others), country club (low concern for results high concern for others), authoritarian (high concern for results low concern for others), team (high concern for results high concern for others) 2. hersey-blanchard- no single optimal style, leaders adjust based on "follower maturity". ex: delegating (low task and low relationship), participating (low task and high relationship), telling (high task and low relationship), selling (high task and high relationship) 3. fiedler- leader/member relations, task structure, position power; adjust these variables to create favorable situation 4. path-goal theory- define goal, clarify path, remove obstacles, provide support 5. emergent theory- group chooses leader, emerges from interactions

what are 3 traits of strong HR leaders

1. build relationships 2. model values- ex: putting mission statement visible on walls 3. effective agents of change- change agents, help employees understand why the change will benefit them

what are the 3 approaches to facilitate change

1. cascade (top-down/complete)- complete change at each level 2. progressive (broadcast from the top/slower)- broadcast/support/talk about change 3. organic (points of origin at any level)- change can happen at any level, less structured

what are the 4 parts of growth share matrix

1. cash cows- reliable but not much growth 2. stars- high value 3. ? marks- unclear 4. dogs- uses resources, no strong value or future growth - larger orgs

what are the 4 types of organizational culture

1. clans- relationships 2. adhocracies- entrepreneurial 3. hierarchies- efficiencies 4. market-oriented- competition

what are 3 mandatory subjects for bargaining

1. compensation 2. benefits 3. working conditions

what are the 3 steps of CSR

1. compliance- CSR is cost of doing business, efforts to enforce it may conflict with corporate strategies 2. integration- CSR is included in regular functioning of the business 3. transformation- org and companies products are redefined to fit with new CSR strategy

what are 7 strategies for improving employer-union relations

1. comply with applicable international standards and local laws 2. comply with local regulations to inform/involve workers 3. develop fair grievance and alternative dispute resolution procedures with built in appeals mechanisms (should be available to all workers, regardless of union membership) 4. implement joint study groups to solve common problems 5. treat union members equal and respectful 6. show appreciation for employees interests/involvement 7. consult with union leaders to defuse problems before they become grievances

what 3 situations may restrict employees freedom of speech

1. controversial views 2. whistle-blowing 3. internet/other communication based technology

what are the 4 steps to positive discipline

1. counseling- heightens employee awareness (ex: convo with supervisor) 2. written documentation- if employee doesn't correct, written solutions to prevent further problems 3. final warning- if they don't follow written solutions, a conference is help (ex: take day off with no pay) 4. discharge- if employee fails the action plan, they can discharge the employee

what are the 5 steps of bench marking

1. define KPIs- ensure performance measurements are tied to orgs strategic goals 2. measure current performance 3. select benchmarks 4. check for gaps between performance and benchmark 5. set objectives and design support activities

what are the 5 steps HR should follow on electronic communication

1. develop an electronic communication policy 2. communicate the policy 3. obtain signed permission from employees 4. monitor for business purposes only 5. enforce the policy through disciplinary procedures

what are 2 reasons employees join unions

1. dissatisfied with how they're treated 2. believe unions can improve work situations

what are the 2 acts that protect corporate whistle-blowers

1. dodd frank act 2. sarbanes-oxley act

what are the 3 models of codetermination

1. dual system- management board and supervisor board (supervisor has authority over management, prohibits org from implementing changes without worker reps) 2. single-tier system- one board of directors, employee reps included 3. mixed system- employee reps are included but are only advisors

what are the 5 types of a strike

1. economic- parties fail to reach agreement, employer can replace workers 2. unfair labor practice- union members leave job, those who want jobs back must be reinstated 3. wildcat- happen during collective-bargaining agreement without approval 4. jurisdictional- members of union walk out to force employer to assign work 5. sympathy- union supports another

what are 3 ways to measure strategic performance

1. effectiveness- did we meet the objective? 2. efficiency- how well are we using resources? 3. impact

what are the 7 affected areas of benefit corporation effects on HR

1. employee contract 2. recruiting 3. brand 4. engagement 5. how people work 6. accountability and measurement 7. training and leadership development

what are the 5 steps of a grievance procedure

1. employee discusses with union steward 2. steward discusses with management/HR 3. committee of union officers discuss with company managers 4. national union rep discusses with executives 5. if not solved, it goes to arbitration

which 4 things are true about OSHA record-keeping

1. employers must record needlestick injuries involving blood contamination 2. employers have 4 hours to provide records to an OSHA compliance officer who requests them 3. employers must post the annual summary of work-related injuries and illnesses for 3 months 4. employers must call in fatal heart attacks in the work environment

what are the 3 types of authentic (transformational) leaders

1. empowerment- get better results when empowered and confident. don't want to empower prematurely 2. long term (vision and values)- helps answer the "why". ex: why do you work here? 3. emotional intelligence- helps read peoples emotions (verbal/nonverbal), manage your own emotions/reactions * #1 asset is credibility

what are the 9 steps to conduct a retaliation investigation

1. ensure confidentiality 2. provide protection against harassment and retaliation 3. select the investigator 4. create a plan 5. develop interview questions 6. conduct interviews 7. make a decision 8. close the investigation 9. develop written summary

what are the 4 steps to behave ethically

1. establish the facts- what do we know 2. apply appropriate codes of conduct 3. consult- with the people involved 4. own the decision- don't blame others

what is perlmutters 5 part orientations and global strategy

1. ethnocentric- "one best way", HQ has tight control, management shares common ethnic background 2. polycentric- subsidiaries independent, many "best ways" 3. regiocentric- subsidiaries grouped into regions, strategic coordination high within region, not as high between region and HQ 4. geocentric- subsidiaries are neither taking orders or independent, "team way" 5. orientations associated with business globalization strategies- ethno and international strategies, poly and multi domestic, regio and global orgs, geo and trans national orgs

what are 4 obstacles to cultural understanding

1. ethnocentrism 2. cultural stereotypes 3. cultural determinism- "culture made me do it" (absolutes) 4. cultural relativism- "thats just the way it is" (no absolutes)

what are the 4 key areas of KPIs

1. finance- productivity rates (org and stakeholders) 2. customers- can org satisfy customers 3. business processes- internal outcomes that create financial success and satisfied customers 4. learning and growth- what will prepare the org for future success

a balanced score card needs balance between what 3 things

1. financial and non-financial data 2. internal and external data 3. lagging and leading performance indicators

what are 3 traits of weak HR leaders

1. focus on short term 2. make limited connections 3. slow to innovate- you have to fail to learn, encourage employees to take risks

what is the strategic planning and management process

1. formulation- look at internal/external data, capabilities, opportunities, obstacles 2. development- what actions lead to success, consider environment, opportunities, obstacles 3. implementation- strategic management, communication and support at all levels 4. evaluation- make sure actions are working and moving toward goal, continually evaluate

what are the 4 standards of the WTO

1. freedom of association 2. no forced labor 3. no child labor 4. no discrimination at work

what are the 2 steps of duty of care

1. gather info from multiple sources to get all aspects and perspectives (risk register) 2. identify all possible risk and avoid overlapping or duplicating in identification (ex: surveys, observation)

which 2 OSHA key provisions do all companies need to adhere to

1. general duty 2. notification and posters

what are 3 reasons for US union membership long-term decline

1. geography- job growth is in more "employer friendly areas" 2. industrial- manufacturing, construction, mining > service industries 3. workforce- decline in blue-collar jobs

what are 2 key aspects of a focus group

1. get everyones involvement (nominal group technique) 2. should be evaluated soon after they occur

what are 3 cultural theories

1. hall- high context vs. low context 2. trommelaars and hampden-turner- cultural dilemmas (ex: universal vs. particular, individual vs. communitarian, neutral vs. affective, specific vs. diffuse, achieved vs. ascribed, sequential vs. synchronic, internal vs. external) 3. hofstede- (ex: masculine vs. feminine, long term vs. short term, power distance, individualism vs. collectivism, uncertainty avoidance, indulgence vs. restraint)

what are 7 global labor strategies

1. hands off- locally response, locally managed 2. monitor- HQ tracks management decisions and demonstrates interests/concerns, decisions made locally 3. guide and advise- HQ offers more advice and tries to utilize global policies at a local level, decisions made locally 4. strategic planning- ER strategy is developed with variety or workforces, policies set globally, practices set locally (they must align) 5. set limits and approve expectations- local adaptations have to be approved by HQ HR 6. integration of HQ and line management in field- labor decisions made jointly 7. manage locally from HQ- local HR staff implement policies and practices developed by HQ HR

what are 4 ways to improve meetings

1. have an agenda 2. distribute agenda in advance 3. be clear about outcomes for the meeting 4. establish roles- leader (facilitator), time keeper, note taker, devils advocate (avoids group think)

what 2 values are the caux principles based on

1. human dignity 2. ideal of living and working together for a common goal

what are the 4 main principles of the UN global contract

1. human rights 2. labor 3. environment 4. anticorruption

what are HRs 8 roles in managing the change process

1. identifying impact- who will it impact 2. assessing the ripple effect- some are effected ore than others, but slowly hits everyone 3. consulting with orgs leaders about ways to support the change initiative 4. use stakeholder knowledge to negotiate solutions (ex: customer demands) 5. use skills and connections to manage the communication efforts during change 6. measuring the effectiveness of the change initiative 7. delivering superior service to HRs internal customers 8. managing resistance to the change

what are the 4 steps to handle grievances

1. immediate supervisor- written or oral, if union rep agrees no grievance occurred, process ends 2. next level- document facts/positions, employee is not involved 3. higher level management- if not resolved while in the CBA, goes to next level with a time frame 4. third party determination- if not settled, outside arbitrator is called in, highest levels on each side represent their party

which 2 levels are the most common violations by OSHA

1. imminent danger 2. de minimus (no citation for this one)

what are the 8 parts of kotters model on how to implement the change process

1. increase urgency 2. build guiding team 3. develop the vision 4. communicate for buy-in 5. empower action 6. create short term wins 7. don't let up 8. make change stick

what are the 4 union responses to globalization

1. increasing formal of internationalization of union 2. pushing for national and international compliance with labor standards 3. international framework agreements 4. creating alliances and growing networks

what are the 6 sources of power

1. information 2. expert 3. referent (goodwill)- have best interest in mind 4. position- ex: saying "do it because i'm your boss" 5. reward- don't always have because of budget 6. coercive- don't always have power to discipline * do 1-3, not 4-6 (not always under your control)

what are the 4 types of networking (SNS- social networking sites)

1. informational- interactions with customers or other people seeking answers 2. professional- networks that help participants to advance within their careers or industries 3. academic- ability for academics to pursue interests with experts and other like-minded individuals 4. training and development- ability for learners to access course intent online and share info

what are the 4 main assets an org manages to be successful

1. intellectual property 2. physical 3. human 4. financial

what are kaplan and mikes 3 categories of risk

1. internal and preventable-risk that comes from inside the org and possibly violate ethics and failures in routine practices 2. strategy- desirable uncertainty that the company will accept when it comes to strategy 3. external- uncertainty from outside the org and beyond its control

what are 4 strategic options for the GI (global integration) - LR (local responsiveness) model

1. international- strong global brand identity or specialized products GI v LR v 2. multi domestic- decentralized, but HQ may exert considerable control GI v LR ^ 3. global- exerts tight, simple controls on subsidiaries GI ^ LR v 4. transnational org- subsidiaries intentionally small, "glocalization" - strong global image and equally strong local image GI ^ LR ^

what are the 5 data gathering techniques

1. interviews- pros: ask follow-up questions, good quality of data. cons: biased, over exaggerate, time consuming 2. surveys and questionnaires- pros: efficiency, quick, documented. cons: might not take it seriously 3. observations- pros: first hand, no bias from employee. cons: time consuming, hawthorne effect 4. using existing data- pros: it is what it is, its not bias, multi-perspective. cons: not up to date, not always consistent, hard to find 5. focus groups- pros: see change over time, build off each others ideas. cons: dominate the conversation, groupthink

what are the 4 steps of the life cycle

1. introduction 2. growth- build talent, complexity, balance efficiency with culture, help leaders redefine roles, managing change initiatives 3. maturity- employee retention, succession planning, improve communication, maintain agility/responsiveness 4. renewal/no growth (decline)- renewal is streamline procedures and adding responsibilities, and no growth is maintaining engaged workforce

what 4 factors influence the collective bargaining process

1. legal and regulatory 2. bargaining precedents 3. public and employee opinion 4. economic conditions

what are the 4 steps in the PESTLE analysis

1. make list of events that could affect org 2. long-term/short-term affects of events 3. research what causes these events 4. assess importance of each event on the org

the NLRB established 3 categories of bargaining issues, what are they

1. mandatory 2. permissive 3. illegal

what are 8 common non financial metrics

1. market share 2. efficiency 3. reputation 4. retention 5. brand awareness 6. satisfaction 7. social responsibility- external 8. engagement- #1 focused on (ex: engagement surveys)

what are the 8 parts of motivation

1. maslows hierarchy of needs- not realistic (physiological needs, safety and security, belonging and love, esteem, self-actualization) 2. herzbergs hygiene theory- one helps being satisfied (motivation ex: autonomy, advancement), the other avoids dissatisfaction (hygiene ex: lack of money, safe working conditions) 3. mcclellands 3 needs theory- achievement, affiliation, power. one of these is usually a top power but it depends on the person 4. self determination- competence, relatedness, autonomy 5. expectancy theory- valence, instrumentality, expectancy (VIE) effort > (expectancy) > performance > (instrumentality) > outcomes (valence: how much do we value outcome). when VIE is high, motivation is hight 6. attribution theory- locus of control, stability, controllability. when employees have some control over the situation 7. goal setting theory- SMART goals (specific, measurable, attribute, reliable, team), commitment, feedback. mutually set goals, not unilaterally, have regular follow-ups, have challenging goals 8. equity theory- your performance and outcomes vs. someone else's performance and outcome

what are 3 options for generating discussion

1. mind mapping 2. nominal group technique- have everyone write down ideas on paper first then around until all ideas are said, nobody dominates the discussion 3. delphi technique- could be anonymous, not always person to person, judgements of experts

what are the 4 types of global assignments

1. multidomestic/international- avrg/good performers, send assignees to another country 2. global strategy- wide variety, high potential managers/executives 3. expatriate- home country > host 4. managing allegiances- recruit those who will be successful in a particular type of assignment

what are the 3 delivery approaches

1. on-premise- org purchases and installs hardware and software-internal IT 2. hosted- apps purchased and installed by org, located at vendors site- external IT 3. software as a service- org subscribes to software developed and deployed remotely

what 3 things should disaster planning include

1. org assessment 2. human impact training 3. disaster training

what are 6 reasons managers are reluctant to discipline

1. org culture of avoiding discipline 2. lack of support 3. guilt 4. fear of loss of friendship 5. avoidance of time loss 6. fear of lawsuit

what are the 3 levels of strategy

1. organization- future of entire unit (long term) 2. business unit strategy- how/where the org can focus on creating value 3. operational- higher level strategies (how to complete them/action strategies)

what are the 3 approaches for effective safety management

1. organizatoin 2. engineering 3. individual

what is the typical 5 step union organizing process

1. organizing campaign 2. authorization cards/petition filing 3. representation election 4. certification 5. collective bargaining/contract negotiation

what are 4 ways to move work

1. outsourcing- work outside suppliers 2. offshoring- relocating work to another country 3. onshoring- relocating to lower cost location inside country 4. near-shoring- contracting part of process to external company that is close (ex: US/Mexico)

what are 4 ways people achieve global integration

1. people- assignee's 2. processes- standardized processes support org control over parts of the value chain 3. performance- creating greater control over org activity by designing performance targets and rewards that are defined from a global perspective 4. culture- shared visions and values that are consistent with a global identity

what are the 2 parts of organizational culture

1. person vs. task focused 2. egalitarian (better in changing environments) vs. hierarchical (better in stable environment)

what re the 4 hacking ways for info security

1. phising- email, phone, texts, that look normal but are trying to steal info 2. fake e cards or job openings- emails pretending the attachment is an e-card or job opening 3. phony security alerts- emails or pop ups claiming to be from a trusted source warning one of a security issue/alert 4. "click this link" scams- emails or social network posts enticing one to click a link and gain access to a "great offer"

what are 5 graphic data analysis tools

1. pie chart 2. histogram 3. trent diagram 4. pareto chart 5. scatter diagram

what are 4 different kinds of patents

1. plant 2. utility- ex: keyboard 3. intellectual property 4. design

what are 4 types of validity

1. predictive validity 2. content validity 3. construct validity 4. criterion validity

what are 5 different types of volunteering

1. private- on your own time 2. supported employee- employer provides resources to employee 3. employee sponsored - employees volunteer in name of employer 4. employer planned- employees volunteer to help business reputation 5. business integrated employee- employers volunteer within framework by the company which helps business goals

what are the 4 strategic objectives of ILO

1. promote rights at work 2. encourage decent employment opportunities 3. enhance social protection 4. strengthen dialogue on work related issues

what are the 3 court exceptions to employment at will

1. public policy exception- employees can sue if fired for a reason that violates public policy (ex: fired for complaint to OSHA) 2. implied contract exception- employees should be fired as long as they perform their jobs 3. good-faith and fair-dealing exception- exists between employers and at-will employees, if an employer breaks the covenant by unreasonable behavior, employee can seek legal recourse

what two federal laws were passed that fostered employees rights to form labor unions

1. railway labor act 2. norris-laguardia act

when are the three times employers can drug test employees

1. random testing of everyone at periodic intervals 2. testing only in cases of probably cause 3. testing after accidents

what are 4 influence strategies

1. reasoning- data driven 2. appeal to mutual values- most ethical way, in someones best interest 3. call on supporters- power in numbers 4. barter (reciprocity)- you scratch my back i scratch yours (worst option)

what are the 5 steps in an accident investigation process

1. secure the site (most important) 2. initial investigation, review site 3. collect data from injured worker, witnesses, historical records 4. analyze data and determine the root cause 5. institute corrective measures

what are the 5 parts of emotional intelligence

1. self-awareness 2. self-regulation 3. motivation 4. empathy- empathy vs. sympathy (be understanding) 5. social skills- be able to mediate, get information instead of taking sides/looking at emotions

what are 4 conditions that facilitate change

1. shared purpose 2. reinforcement systems 3. skills required for change- if an employee is acquiring a new skill set/new job 4. consistent role models

what are 2 requirements of an AAP

1. signed by the CEO or executives 2. posted internally

what are the 4 different types of unions

1. single enterprises- all employees may be represented by a single enterprise union, may join a larger national or industrial confederation 2. specific trades or craft- ex: electrical, chemical, or atomic workers 3. national union- different trade/craft unions join national federations of unions, confederation may be tight or loose 4. industry union- different workers from different employers within a certain industry (ex: steel or auto manufacturing)

what are the 2 loss expectancy equations

1. single loss expectancy (SLE)- expected monetary loss (asset value x exposure factor) 2. annualized loss expectancy (ALE)- monetary loss of an asset due to a risk over a one-year period (SLE x annualized rate of occurrence)

what are the 4 steps to create a business case

1. statement of need- why do we need to do this, explain approach, due diligence 2. recommended solution- use objective facts 3. statement of risks and opportunities 4. estimated costs and time frames

what are 3 global tasks

1. strategic perspective- balance priorities of HQ and subsidiaries 2. tactical perspective- separate disciplines and background to develop successful programs 3. HR global- develop strategic view of org, develop global org culture, secure/grow safe and robust talent, HR technology, develop policies/practices to manage risk

what is mckinseys 7-s framework (performance areas)

1. structure 2. strategy 3. systems 4. style 5. staff 6. skills 7. superordinate goals

what are the 7 issues of united nations global impact

1. support and respect the protection of internationally proclaimed human rights 2. make sure they're not complicit in human rights abuses 3. uphold the freedom of association and the effective recognition of the right to collective bargaining 4. uphold the elimination of all forms of forced and compulsory labor 5. uphold the effective abolition of child labor 6. uphold the elimination of discrimination in respect to employment and occupation 7. work against corruption in all its forms, including extortion and bribery

what is porters 5 forces framework

1. threat of substitution 2. threat of entry- how easy can a competitor enter the market 3. bargaining power of suppliers 4. bargaining power of buyers- their focus impacts what the org does 5. rivalry among existing competitors

what are the 5 types of reduced salary reduction retirement plans

1. thrift plan- designed to give federal and military employees the same retirement benefits that workers in private sector get with 401k plans 2. 401k- $ contribution limits, allows an employee to defer current income into the future and shelter the money from taxes until withdrawn 3. 403b- educational institutions/churches/ hospitals/non-profits, similar to 401k, workers can make pre-tax contributions to a tax-sheltered annuity, same as 457, just for different jobs 4. 457- state and municipal (city/town) employees, similar to 401k but contributions are made after tax dollars 5. roth IRA- tax-free income growth; contributions are made with after-tax dollars, up to a specified amount each year, both earnings on the account and withdrawals after age 59.5 are tax free (starts at age 22)

what 4 employees rights did the wagner act protect

1. to self organize, form, join, or assist labor orgs 2. bargain collectively through reps of their own choosing 3. engage in other concerted activities for collective bargaining or mutual aid or protection 4. refrain from any such activities except to the extent that an agreement requires membership in a labor org as a condition of employment

what are the 3 leadership approaches

1. trait- has the least validity. ex: best leaders are tall/vocal 2. behavioral- task oriented or relationship oriented leader (equal) 3. situational/contigent- helps to know the variables to look at to see if it should be task or relationship * there is no best way to lead, it depends on the situation

what are the 5 parts of ethics

1. transparency- ex: every company has to say how top executives are paid 2. honesty- avoiding conflicts of interest, bribery, corruption 3. confidentiality 4. protecting rights of others- safety, fairness, privacy 5. codes of conduct- review handbook

what are the FLSA regulations for workers under 17

1. under 14- prohibited from most nonfarm work, may be employed by parents, except in hazardous industries, manufacturing, or mining 2. 14-15- during school hours can't work more than 3 hours/day, 18 hours/week, during school vacations can't work more than 8 hours/day, 40 hours/week, hours restricted from 7am-7pm (9pm from June 1 to Labor Day) 3. 16-17- prohibited from working hazardous jobs such as operating trash binders, shredders, or material-handling equipment

what are the 4 steps of communication

1. understand audience 2. be sure the message is clear 3. delivery message effectively- who, how, when, where 4. follow-up

what are the 3 approaches to behaving ethically

1. utilitarian- make sure what does the greatest good for the most people 2. rights- not violating any basic human rights or well-being 3. justice- dont discriminate against any group

what are 5 data analysis methods

1. variance- identify groups and what their differences are (ex: age) 2. ratio- indicates financial performance in several key areas 3. trend- look at historical data, wheres the trend? 4. regression- statistical model, strength and direction (if it exists) p<.05 (less than 5% chance) (ex: scatterplot) 5. root-cause- starting with outcome, work backwards, what led to that? root cause?

what 3 acts is the labor law foundation made up of

1. wagner act 2. taft-hartley act 3. landrum-griffen act

what are the 2 approaches of systems integration

1. waterfall- continuous integration, trial run working with developers to trouble shoot 2. big bang- individual HRIS components not integrated until everything is ready, simultaneous integration - continuous integration is less risky

what are 4 budgeting methods

1. zero-based- start at zero each period, argue your case every cycle 2. incremental- line-item approach, influenced by prior period, usually go up by % 3. formula- different units receive different percentages (ex: government) 4. activity-based- focuses on the cost/significance of different activities (impact)

how many employees are required for the OSHA form 300

10 or more

how many employees are required for WARN

100 or more (involves 50+)

how many employees are required for the ADA

15 or more

how many employees are required for the EEO

15 or more

how many employees are required for the title VII

15 or more (20+ weeks/year) all educational institutions, state/local gov't labor unions with 15 or more

what is electromation

1992 court decision that employers must deal cautiously with employee participation committees based on the NLRBs interpretation of what constitutes a company-dominated labor org

how many employees are required for COBRA

20 or more

how many employees are required for the ADEA

20 or more for fed/state/government 25 or more in unions, apprenticeship/training programs, agencies serving covered employees *not limited to federal contractors

how many agencies within the dept. of labor were established by OSHA to oversee different aspects of work safety

3

how long is the strategy planning cycle

3-5 years

how many employees are required for the immigration reform and control act

4 or more

what is the best form of retirement benefit for an employer

401k because employees are also able to contribute - the employer can match funds but they are not obligated to do so

what is the ADDIE model

5 step instructional design process that governs the development of HR development programs A- analysis D- design D- development I- implement E- evaluate

how many employees are required for the executive order 11246

50 or more AND $50,000+ in federal contracts

how many employees are required for the EEO annual reporting form

50 or more employees AND $50,000+ in federal contracts OR 100 or more employees (except state/local gov't) OR subsidiaries of other companies where total employees = 100

how many employees are required for the rehabilitation act

50 or more employees and $50,000 in federal contracts

how many employees are required for FMLA

50 or more that live within 75 miles

which act is related to bringing injured workers to restricted duty to reduce workers comp costs

ADA

what are international employee assistance programs (IEAPs)

EAP program benefits offered to international employees and the non US based workforce to support their unique cultural adjustment needs

ethical universalism vs. cultural relativism

EU- doesn't matter where you are, the right and wrong should be the same CR- whats ethical depends where you are

what is global integration vs. local responsiveness

GI- emphasizes consistency of approach, standardization of processes (ex: standard technology across the market) LR- emphasizes adapting to the needs of local markets

what act prohibits the privacy of medical records

HIPAA -paper and electronic files need to be safeguarded -medical files have to be kept seperately

what are pilot programs

HRD programs offered initially in a controlled environment with a segment of the target audience

what group is in control of handling the enforcement of the wagner act

NLRB (national labor relations board)

what is certification of results

NLRB certification indicating that a union has lost an election

what is a certification of representative

NLRB certification indicating that a union has won an election and will be the exclusive representative of the bargaining unit

what is crown cork and seal company

NLRB decision that lifted some of the restrictions on employers use of employee participation committees

what is E I dupont and company

NLRB ruling that held certain employee committees to be illegal because dupont management circumvented the legally chosen employee rep and usurped the unions right to represent its members

what is the process safety management standard

OSHA standard aimed at preventing or minimizing the effect of catastrophic releases of toxic, reactive, flammable, or explosive chemicals

what is the emergency exit procedures (means of egress) standard

OSHA standard that provides guidelines for preparing an emergency action plan and includes specifications regarding exits and maintenance of emergency systems

what is the control of hazardous energy standard

OSHA standard that requires action so equipment can't be activated (lockout) and signs or labels (tagout) attached to dangerous equipment that should not be activated

what is the occupational noise exposure (hearing conversation) standard

OSHA standard that requires employers to reduce unsafe noise levels in the workplace

what is hazard communication standard (employee right to know law)

OSHA standard that requires labeling, MSDS, training, orientation for new and transferred employees, and hazard communication programs to inform employees of hazardous chemicals in the workplace

what is confined space entry standard

OSHA standard that requires space-entry restrictions, rescue procedures, and a written safe-entry program to address concerns over adequate oxygen content n the air, toxic substance exposure, and physical exposures for workers in confined spaces

what is the PESTLE analysis

P- political E- economic S- social T- technology L- legal E- environmental sees what external factors effect processes

what forces shape CSR

PESTLE P- political E- economic S- social T- technological L- legal E- environmental

what is medicare

SS administration program that provides medical care for the aged

what is social security

SS administration program that provides retirement, disability, death, and survivors benefits

what is the SA 8000

a certifiable standard focusing on human rights and labor relations

what is tripartism

a collaboration of governments, employers, and unions

what is blended learning

a combination of learning methods, such as classroom, e-learning, self-paced study, and performance support such as coaching

what is a greenfield operation

a company builds a new location from the ground up

what is a brownfield operation

a company repurposes, through expansion or redevelopment, an abandoned or closed or underutilized property

what is a service bureau payroll system

a company that provides services for a fee, outsourced payroll services constitute a commonly provisioned service -ex: used when there are a lot of changing needs of the org

what is a security audit

a comprehensive review of org security

what is a serious health condition

a condition that requires inpatient hospital, hospice, or residential care or continuing physician care

what is due process

a fair process used to give an employee the chance to explain/defend their behavior, protects employees from unjust or arbitrary discipline or termination -occurs when an employer is determingin if there has been employee wrongdoing and uses a fair process to give an employee a chance to explain

what is contract manufacturing

a firm arranges for a local manufacturer to produce components or products to lower labor costs

what is a social audit

a formal review of the company social and environmental policies and procedures which look at ethics, staffing, environment, human rights, community, society, and compliance practices - used for self-evaluation

what are labor/trade unions

a group of workers who coordinate their activities to achieve common goals in their relationship with an employer or group of employees (ex: better wages) - members elect representatives to interact with management

what is factor comparison

a job evaluation method that assigns dollar values to different levels of specific job factor and then scores the jobs on each of the factors

what is licensing

a local firm is granted the rights to produce or sell a product

what does a handbook contain

a manual that explains a company's essential policies, procedures, and employment benefits - workplace culture, benefits, attendance, pay practices, safety issues, discipline

what is managed care

a medical plan that seeks to ensure that the treatments are necessary and provided in a cost-effective manner

what is shop-floor participation

a participatory management approach in which workers have the opportunity to identify problems and help resolve them

what is a defined-benefit planned the 3 types

a pension plan in which the amount an employee is to receive upon retirement is specifically set forth; guarantee retirement benefits specified in the plan document. plan that promises employees a retirement benefit amount based on a formula 1. flat-dollar amount- the employer pays a set dollar amount for each year of service under the plan 2. career-average formula- either participants earn a percentage of the pay for each year they are plan participants or the participants yearly earnings are totaled and then averaged over the years in the plan 3. final-pay formula- bases benefits on the average earnings during a specified number of years, usually the highest five of the last ten years

what is a contributory plan

a pension plan where contributions are made jointly by employees and employers. employee will benefit from the income upon retirement

what is a noncontributory plan

a pension plan where contributions are made solely by the employer

what is the triple bottom line

a performance measurement of an org pursuing a sustainability strategy (applies the 3 p's- people, planet, profit)

what is the first step in the decertification process

a petition calling for decertification must be signed by 30% of the union members

what is a defined-contribution plan and the types

a plan that establishes the basis on which an employer will contribute to the fund; employers and employees make annual contributions to separate accounts established for each participating employee, based on a formula contained in the plan document; plan which the employer makes an annual payment to the employees retirement plan. types: profit-sharing plans, stock bonus plans, employee stock ownership plans, savings incentive match plans, 401k plans

what is the financial accounting standards board (FASB)

a private body that sets standards for the reporting of financial data

what is a principle agent problem

a problem arises when an employee decides or acts on behalf of the employer/owner but has personal incentives that dont align with the employer/owner

what are the 6 steps of the CSR strategic process

a process for developing or implementing a sustainability strategy 1. executive commitment- shows that CSR has value to the business to get top managers to agree on benefits 2. assessment- provides an image of where the company is now and helps to create a picture of where the company is headed 3. infrastructure creation- create a system responsible for overseeing and administering CSR strategy (ex: how will data be collected?) 4. plan implementation- sets strategy/priorities/goals, implement the action plan, sustainability scoreboard) 5. measurement reporting and evaluation- ensure all objectives have corresponding measures and that a complete reporting and evaluating system is in place 6. reassessment and revision- based on evaluation of results, goals should be revised, make sure to have a process

what is the ISO 26000

a quality standard that provides guidance on social responsibility

what is a controlled substance

a substance that is illegal for everyone (ex: meth)

what is a job analysis

a systematic process for gathering, documenting, and analyzing information in order to describe jobs; describes content or job duties, worker requirements, and sometimes the job context or working conditions

what is conciliation

a third party facilitates the dialogue between union and management negotiators to reach a voluntary settlement, aka mediation

what is franchising

a trademark, product, or service is licensed for an initial fee and ongoing royalties - often used in fast-food

what is the GRI G4 sustainability reporting guidelines

a universally accepted standard for reporting an organizations sustainability efforts and progress - the goal is to report on "material aspects"

what is emotional intelligence (EI)

ability of an individual to be sensitive to and understanding of the emotions of others and to manage his or her own emotions and impulses

what is reliability

ability of an instrument to measure consistently

what is the revenue act

act that added sections 125 and 401k to the tax code

what is the defense authorization bill

act that excluded federal contractors from overtime pay requirements after 8 hours of work in a day; in their case, time and a half must be paid only for hours in excess of 40/week

what is the civil service reform act

act that extended collective bargaining rights to federal employees

what is the consumer credit protection act

act that limits the amount of wages that can be garnished or withheld in any one week by an employer to satisfy creditors

what is the rehabilitation act

act that prohibits discrimination based on physical or mental disabilities

what is the stored communication act

act that protects privacy of e-mail in storage

what is the national labor relations act (NLRA)

act that protects the rights of employees to organize unhampered by management; aka wagner act

what is the trademark act

act that provides federal protection for trademarks and service marks

what is the securities and exchange act

act that regulated "insider trading"

what is a secondary boycott

action directed at a primary party through action against some third party (ex: contractor)

what are protected concerted activities

actions taken by employees working together to try to improve their pay and working conditions, with or without a union

what are unfair labor practices

actions that employers are legally prohibited from taking to prevent employees from unionizing

what is a value driver

actions, processes, or results needed to deliver a desired value (ex: increased sales is strongest opportunity to create value)

what is the mental health parity act (MHPA)

addresses parity (equal) between mental health benefits and medical benefits

what is the economic growth and tax relief reconciliation act (EGTRRA)

adjusts minimum vesting schedules, increases retirement plan compensation and contribution limits, permits catch-up contributions by participants age 50 or older in certain retirement plans, and modifies distribution and rollover rules

what is federal labor relations authority (FLRA)

administers the provisions of the various executive orders that fall under the civil service reform act

what is consultation

advanced, specialized and administrative duties in an HR program or section area, responsible for providing high-level support in the administration of a HR program

when can employees start receiving SS benefits

age 62, at a reduced rate

what is the national labor relations board (NLRB)

agency that has authority to conduct union representation elections and investigate unfair labor practices

what is the national institute for occupational safety and health (NIOSH)

agency that provides health and after information

what is a collective bargaining agreement (CBA)

agreement or contract negotiated through collective bargaining process

what are hot cargo clauses

agreement that union members are not required to handle goods made by nonunion labor or a struck plant; illegal except for provisions in the construction and clothing industries

what is tuberculosis (TB)

airborne contagious disease caused by a bacterial infection

which court case found that a test used for promotion of employees must be a valid predictor for the job

albermarle paper vs. moody

how many employees are required for FLSA

all except independent contractors and those classified as exempt

what are total rewards

all forms of financial returns that employees receive from their employers

what are taxable wages

all remuneration for services (including non cash benefits) that is taxable when paid

what are 403b plans

allow employees of certain tax-exempt orgs to contribute pretax dollars toward retirement savings

what should HR do regarding employee discipline and termination

allow time for both parties to review details of an allegation

what is the intent of profit sharing plans

allows employees to "partner" with management and reap the direct benefits of profitability - for cash: payments are provided in addition to the normal rate of pay (direct pay) and taxed - for deferred: the employer contributes a % of profits to employee accounts in a qualified, tax deferred retirement plan - ex: a chemical company that awards additional comp based on the orgs overall bottom line

what is open-door policy

allows workers who have a complaint to alk directly to someone in management -this can be mishandled, so union-free firms benefit from having formal complaint procedures

what is the older workers benefit protection act (OWBPA)

amended ADEA to include all employee benefits; also provided termed employees with time to consider group termination or retirement programs and consult an attorney

what is the employee commuting flexibility act

amendment to the portal to portal act; clarifies that commuting time is not paid working time

what is the tax and trade relief extension act

amends work opportunity tax credit to reduce employer federal tax liability

what is a draw

amount advanced on future commissions

what is excess group-term life insurance

amount of employer-provided group-term life insurance over $50,000

what is residual risk

amount of uncertainty after a risk management effort has been exhausted

what is the prudent person rule

an ERISA plan fiduciary has legal and financial obligations not to take more risks when investing employee benefit program funds than a reasonably knowledgeable, prudent investor would under similar circumstances

what is a field review

an HR member interviews the supervisor and takes notes concerning the performance of each employee after, comparison ratings are given to each employee, the supervisor approves or changes

what is formula budgeting

an average cost is applied to comparable expenses and general funding is changed by a specific amount

what is a turnkey operation

an existing facility and its operations are acquired and run by the purchaser without major changes

stock ownership plans based on company performance are an example of what

an incentive pay plan - plans providing employees with a means of acquiring stock are designed to encourage employees to invest in the company and give them a financial stake in the future success of the fir, - company stock may be purchased or earned

what is a high-hazard industry

an industry that has a frequent number of accidents and OSHA violations, it warrants more inspections

what happens when the state and federal laws differ

an org has to follow whatever most benefits the employee - ex: if state minimum wage is $5.50 and federal is $5.15, employers in that state must pay employees at least $5.50

what is an implied contract

an unwritten agreement created by the actions of the parties involved (ex: expectations)

what is a management contract

another company is brought in to manage and run the daily operations of the local business

what is an organizational unit

any discrete component of an organization in which there is a level of supervision responsible and accountable for the selection, compensation, etc., of employees within the unit

what is a pension plan

any plan, fund, or program which provides retirement income to employees or results in a deferral of income by employees for periods extending to the termination of covered employment or beyond, regardless of the method of calculating the contributions made in the plan, the method of calculating benefits under the plan, or the method of distributing benefits from the plan

what is a workweek

any rise,d recurring period of 168 hours

what is strategic planning

art and science of formulating, developing, implementing, and evaluating cross-functional decisions that enable an org to achieve its objectives

what are cognitive ability tests

assess skills the candidate has already learned

what is federal mediation and conciliation service (FMCS)

assistance in contract settlement and maintains a list of arbitrators to help interpret contract language and resolve disputes

what is the united nations global impact

assists businesses in meeting sustainable goals for human rights, labor, environment, and anticorruption

what is a theory y manager

assumes that employees are happy to work and will take on additional duties without being forced to.

what is entitlement philosophy

assumes that individuals who have worked another year are entitled to pay increases, with little regard for performance differences

what are fetal protection policies

attempts to protect the fetus from workplace hazards

what is a pull factor

attractions to globalization that support orgs aspirations

what is utilization review

audit of health-care use and charges to identify which benefits are used and to make certain that care is necessary and costs are in line

what is a weighted average

average of data that takes other factors such as the number of incumbents into account

how do you measure unit labor cost

avrg cost of workers / avrg levels of output

what are nonpiracy agreements

bar former employees from soliciting business from former customers and clients for a specified period of time

what is a microunit

bargaining unit that includes only one job category or department within a company

what are contractual rights

based on a specific contract with an employer (ex: union and employer negotiate a labor contract with terms/conditions)

what are religious laws (legal system)

based on beliefs and conventions

what is qualitative analysis

based on research that uses open-ended interviewing to explore and understand attitudes, opinions, feelings, and behavior

what is variable pay

based on when the employee works (ex: overtime) or where the employee works; also called differential pay

what is a theory x manager

believes that employees do not like to work and must be strictly controlled and monitored

what is a perquisites

benefits offered exclusively to executives

what are supplemental unemployment benefits

benefits paid to unemployed workers beyond required government unemployment benefits

what are supplemental unemployment benefits (SUB)

benefits paid to unemployed workers beyond required government unemployment benefits

what are international social security agreements

bilateral SS agreements that coordinate the US SS program with the comparable programs of other countries; aka totalization agreements

what are totalization agreements

bilateral SS agreements that coordinate the US SS program with the comparable programs of other countries; ask international SS agreements

what is acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS)

bloodborne pathogen transmitted through intimate contact

what is a primary boycott

boycotting the primary employer (not a contractor)

what is epidemiology

branch of medicine that investigates the causes and control of diseases in a population

what is wearable technology

can be used to encourage healthy behaviors, increase productivity, and to monitor employees health and safety in stressful conditions - issues can arise about employee data privacy/security

what is a union authorization card

card signed by employees to designate a union as their collective bargaining agent - at least 30% of employees must sign before a representation election

what are authorization cards

cards signed by employees to indicate that they want union representation

what are fast-track programs

career development programs that involve identifying a pool of potential leaders and rapidly increasing their leadership skill development

what is gratz vs. bollinger

case in which university of michigan undergrad program wasn't "narrowly tailored" to consider race as a factor in admission decisions in order to achieve goal of a diverse student body

what is circuit city stores vs. adams

case that a pre-hire employment application requiring that all employment disputes be settled by arbitration was enforceable under the federal arbitration act

what is smith vs. jackson mississippi

case that age discrimination in employment act authorizes recovery on a disparate impact but with a narrower scope than title VII

what is mcdonnell douglas corp vs. green

case that established criteria for disparate treatment

what is mckennon vs. nashville banner publishing

case that evidence of misconduct acquired after the decision to terminate cannot free an employer from liability

what is griggs vs. duke power

case that recognized adverse impact

what is pennsylvania state police vs. suders

cause ruled on the use of the affirmative defense in a constructive discharge claim to an employer whose supervisors are charged with harassment

what is the scientific method

certain factors (variables) are manipulated and the results are examined

which of the following seating arrangement is most appropriate for a PC-based training program

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what is an agency shop

clause that states that even if workers do not join the union, they must still pay the equivalent of dues to the union

what is a union shop

clause that states that when workers take jobs in a specific bargaining unit, they must join the union within a certain period of time

what are compensation surveys

collect and analyze competitors compensation data, such as wage and salary practices as well as employee benefits

what are pay surveys

collect info on prevailing market rates and include topics such as incentive plans, overtime pay, starting wage rates, base pay, pay ranges, shift differentials, and vacation and holiday

what are permissive subjects

collective bargaining issues that are not mandatory but do relate to a specific job - don't include of wages, hours, and working conditions - include pension benefits for retired members - aka voluntary or non mandatory subjects

what are permissive issues

collective bargaining issues that are not required but may relate to certain jobs/practices

what are mandatory subjects

collective bargaining items required by law and the NLRB

what are illegal subjects

collective bargaining items that are unlawful by statute; aka external subjects

what is a point of service (POS) org

combination of a PPO and an HMO; provides direct access to specialists

what is the matrix structure

combines departmentalization by division and function to gain the benefits of both

what is broadbanding

combining several salary grades or job classifications with narrow pay ranges into one band with a wider salary spread

what are some of the best practices for utilizing safety committees

committee selection and committee structure

what is duty of loyalty

common-law precept that imposes on employees a duty to be loyal to the employer

what is indirect compensation

commonly referred to as "benefits"

what is strategic alliance

companies agree to share assets, such as technology or sales, to accomplish a goal

what is the CSR (corp social responsibility) maturity curve

companies change from tactical reactive approach to a strategic approach; then redefine values and goals based on CSR

what are multinational companies (MNCs)

companies that conduct business and have offices in a number of different countries

what are employee assistance programs (EAPs)

company-sponsored programs that deliver a variety of health-related services, which are provided by licensed professionals or orgs and offer employees a high degree of confidentiality

what is return on investment

compares the money earned (or lost) on an investment to the amount of money being invested

what are safety committees

composed of workers from different levels and departments who are involved in safety planning and programs

what are skill banks

computerized talent or skill inventories that can furnish a list of qualified people

what are skill tracking systems

computerized talent or skill inventories that can furnish a list of qualified people

what is line of sight

concept that states that employees must be able to influence the attainment of a goal and see a direct result of their efforts in order for incentive pay plans to be effective

what is due diligence

conducting an intensive investigation of an org as one of the first steps in a pending merger or acquisition

what re physician hospital orgs (PHOs)

consist of hospital and physician practices that merge into vertically integrated structures

what should companies do first when a substance abuse intervention approaches

constructive confrontation and counseling

what is transfer of training

continuing on the job application of the knowledge and skills gained during a learning experience

what is a neutrality agreement

contract between a union and an employer under which the employer agrees not to oppose a unions attempt to organize its workforce

what is maintenance of membership

contract clause that states that an employee may or may not choose to join a union but once the employee joins, he/she must maintain membership for the duration of the contract

what are union security provisions

contract clauses to help union obtain and retain members and collect dues (ex: no-layoff policy/job security guarantee)

what is positional negotiation

contract in which people lock themselves into positions and find it difficult to move away, parties lose sight of the underlying problems to be resolved, and emphasis is placed on winning the position

what is the zipper clause

contract stipulation in which both parties waive the right to demand bargaining on any matter not dealt with in the contract, whether or not that matter was contemplated when the contract was negotiated or signed

what is a no-lockout clause

contract stipulation in which the company agrees not to lock out workers during a labor dispute for the life of the contract

what is a no-strike clause

contract stipulation in which union agrees not to strike during the duration of the contract

what are maturity curves

correlate pay with time spent in a professional field such as teaching or research

what is sutton vs. united airlines

court case that a person may not have a disability if the individuals condition is controlled or corrected by medication or mitigating measures

what is grutter vs. bollinger

court held that university of michigans law school admission program was "narrowly tailored" to consider race as a factor in admission decisions in order to achieve goal of a diverse student body

what is injunction

court order that directs a party, employer, or union to do or refrain from doing a certain act (or acts)

what is united steelworkers vs. weber

court ruling about reverse discrimination, title VII allows for voluntary private, race-conscious programs aimed at eliminating racial imbalance in traditionally segregated job categories

what is regents of the university of california vs. bakke

court ruling that colleges and universities could legitimately consider race as a factor in the admissions process

what is washington vs. davis

court ruling that dealt with job testing and discrimination

what is ellerth vs. burlington northern industries

court ruling that distinguished between supervisor harassment that results in tangible employment action and supervisor harassment that does not

what is faragher vs. city of boca raton

court ruling that distinguished between supervisor harassment that results in tangible employment action and supervisor harassment that doesnt

what is johnson vs. santa clara county transportation agency

court ruling that endorsed using gender as one factor in an employment decision if underrepresentation is shown and if the affirmative action plan is not a quota system

what is harris vs. forklift systems inc.

court ruling that established "reasonable person" standard in a sexual harassment case

what is albemarle paper vs. moody

court ruling that items used to validate employment requirements must be job-related

what is taxman vs. board of education of piscataway

court ruling that non remedial AAP can't form the basis for deviating from the anti discrimination mandate of title VII

what is school of board of nassau vs. arline

court ruling that persons with contagious diseases could be covered by the rehabilitation act

what is merit savings bank vs. vinson

court ruling that said sexual harassment violates title VII regardless of whether its quid pro quo or hostile environment harassment

what is oncale vs. sundowner offshore service inc.

court ruling that same-gender harassment is actionable under title VII

what is general dynamics land systems vs. cline

court ruling that the adea does not protect younger workers, even under 40, from workplace decisions that favor older workers

what is the city of richmond vs. JA croson company

court ruling that the numerical quota system of richmond, virginia was unconstitutional because the city had not laid the proper groundwork and had not adequately identified or documented discrimination

what is st marys honor center vs. hicks

court ruling that title VII plaintiff must show that discrimination was the real reason for an employers actions

what are qualified domestic relations orders

create or recognize the right of an alternative payee to receive all or a portion of the benefits under a retirement plan

what is the taxpayer relief act (TRA)

created tax-advantaged savings mechanisms

what is knowledge management (KM)

creating, acquiring, sharing, and managing knowledge to augment individual and organizational performance

what is the sherman anti trust act

curbed concentrations of power that interfered with trade and reduced economic competition; directed at large monopolistic employers but applied by courts to the labor unions

what is primary research

data that is gathered firsthand fora specific evaluation

what is the least serious OSHA violation

de minimis - no direct or immediate relationship to job safety or health - ex: failure to issue an MSDS for a trial product

what is decentralization

decision making authority is given to lower levels in an orgs hierarchy

what is centralization

decision-making authority is restricted to higher levels of management in an org

what is the portal to portal act

defines what is included as hours worked and is therefore compensable and a factor in calculating overtime

what is constructive discharge

deliberately making conditions intolderable to get an employee to quit

what is e-learning

delivery of formal and informal training and educational materials, processes, and programs via the use of electronic media

what is the organizational profile

depicts the staffing pattern of a facility to determine if barriers to eeo exist within any organizational unit

what is an alternative dispute resolution (ADR)

describes a number of problem-solving and grievance resolution approaches

what is inside organizing

describes union organizing in the workplace by employees

what is the homeland security act

designed to secure the US against terrorist attacks and other threats and hazards and ensure safe and secure borders

what are highly compensated employees (HCE)

determined by business ownership (more than 5% of the firm) and/or salary (in 2006 it was $100,000)

who is minimum wage determined by

determined by congress, for nonexempt employees

what is outcomes evaluation

determines actual results of the compliance program (ex: is there less misconduct? can employees recognize compliance issues?)

what is process-flow analysis

diagram of the steps involved in a process

what is musculoskeletal disorder (MSD)

disease caused by repetitive motion that affects muscles, nerves, tendons, ligaments, joints, cartilage, blood vessels, and spinal disks; aka cumulative trauma syndrome (CTS), cumulative trauma disorder (CTD), or repetitive stress injury (RSI)

what are profit-sharing plans

distribute a portion of an orgs profits to its employees

what is a histogram

distribution of a single type of measurement, data is represented by a series of rectangles of varying heights

what are reusable learning objectives (RLOs)

elements that may be reused in a variety of contexts (ex: animated graphics, job aids, and print modules)

what are learning objectives (LOs)

elements that may be reused in a variety of contexts (ex: animated graphics, job aids, print modules)

what is coordination of benefits

eliminates the duplication of payments when an employee, spouse, or dependents have health coverage under two or more plans

what is lean project management

eliminates waste by maintaining a tight focus, empowers team to make decisions

what has the greatest effect on the ongoing cost of an orgs health-care system

eliminating coinsurance payments

what is a pandemic

emergence of a disease new to the population; the agent infects humans, causing serious illness, and spreads easily and sustainably among humans

what are the 3 types of managed care plans

emphasize cost control by limiting an employees choice of doctors and hospitals 1. health maintenance organizations (HMOs)- form of health care that provides services for a fixed period on a prepaid basis 2. preferred provider organization (PPOs)- those enrolled in a PPO can elect to receive treatment outside the network but have to pay higher co-payments or deductibles 3. point of service (POS)- combination of a PPO and HMO; provides direct access to specialists; employees pay a nominal copayment for each visit to a designated network of physicians; but pay somewhat more for the choice provider outside the designated network of physicians

what is premium sharing

employee pays a portion of the required monthly premium for health-care coverage

what is a bargaining unit

employees eligible to select a single union to represent and bargain collectively for them - group of employees a union wants to represent

what is the weingarten doctrine

employees have a right to union representation at investigatory interviews

what is a knowledge-based pay system

employees pay is based on the level of knowledge he or she has in a field or domain (ex: going back to grad school)

what is a combination step-rate and performance structure

employees receive increases on a step-rate basis up to the job rate, then above that rate increases are granted only for above-standard performance -ex: workers are given 3% raise every 6 months up to the job rate, then get increases for above-standard performance

what are exempt employees

employees to whom employers are not required to pay overtime under FLSA. (ex: executives, administrative, professionals)

what are non-exempt employees

employees who must be paid overtime under the FLSA

what is health insurance purchasing cooperative (HIPC)

employer has to provide coverage equal to the cost of the conventional insurance provided - coverage does NOT have to be equal

what is open shop

employer in which workers are not required to join or pay dues to a union

what is closed shop

employer that requires individuals to join a union before they can be hired - illegal (except in the construction industry)

what is a health reimbursement account (HRA)

employer-funded plan that reimburses employees only for eligible and substantiated health care expenses

what is city stores vs. adams

employers can require employees to sign mandatory arbitration agreements - supreme court reversed a lower courts decision on the basis that it maintained the efficacy of many employers alternative dispute resolution procedures

what is the wage garnishment act

employers can't terminate an employee whose pay is subject to a single garnishment order

what is unfair competition

employment contracts that contain covenants not to compete after termination of employment relationship and with the use of secret, confidential, or proprietary information that the employee obtained while working for the former employer

what are cafeteria plans

enable employees in a company to choose from among a set of benefits and different levels of these benefits

what is inevitable disclosure

enables an employer to prevent an employee from taking employment with a competitor when the current employers trade secrets might inevitably be disclosed

what is a learning org

encourages constant networking both internal and external. it manages change and adapts to its environment

what is organizational development (OD)

enhancing the effectiveness of an org and the well-being of its members through planned interventions

what is ethnocentric

ensures control over subsidiary location, eases transfer of policies from HQ to subsidiary, managers from HQ staff key positions, home company employees fill key positions

good-faith bargaining requires that both labor and management..

enter into the discussion with fair and open minds

what is a qualified pension plan

entitles employers to tax benefits form their contributions to pension plans; employers may take current tax deductions for contributions to fund future retirement income. welfare and pension plans that meet various requirement s set forth by the employee retirement income security act (ERISA)

what is strictness

error that occurs when an appraiser believes standards are too low and inflates the standards in an effort to make them meaningful

what are leniency errors

errors that are the result of appraisers who don't want to give low scores

what is the mine safety and health act

established mandatory safety and health standards for underground and surface mines

what is the davis-bacon act

established prevailing wage and benefit requirements for contractors on federally funded construction projects

what is the US patent act

established the US patent and trademark office

what is the occupational safety and health act (OSHA)

established the first national policy for safety and health and continues to deliver standards that employers must meet to guarantee the health and safety of their employees

what is the employee retirement income security act (ERISA)

established uniform minimum standards for employer sponsored retirement and health and welfare benefit programs

what is the gross domestic product (GDP)

estimate of the total value of goods and services produced in a country in a given year

what is a summative assessment

evaluates learning at the end of an instructional unit by comparing it against some standard or benchmark (ex: midterm, final project) level 4: results measures program yields of one

what is a job classification

evaluation method that groups jobs into a predetermined number of grades or classifications, each having a class description to use for job comparisons

what is a compliance evaluation

evaluation that requires an org to provide details on and documentation of its AAP

what is HR analytics

evidence based approach to making HR decisions based on quantitative tools and models

what is common law (legal system)

evolves over time based on prior judicial decisions

what is the civil rights act

expands the possible damage awards available to victims of intentional discrimination to include compensatory and punitive damages

what are performance standards

expectations of management translated into behaviors and results that employees can deliver

what is normal distribution

expected distribution given a random sampling of people across a large population

what is the service contract act

extended prevailing wage rate and benefit requirements to employers providing services under federal gov't contracts

what is the walsh-healey act

extended the concept of prevailing wage to employers who manufacture or supply goods under govt contracts and required time and a half

what is the national industrial recovery act

extended the policies of the railway labor act to all interstate commerce orgs

what is task significance

extent to which a job has a substantial impact on other people

what is task identity

extent to which a job requires a "whole" identifiable unit of work

what is construct validity

extent to which a selection device measures the theoretical construct or trait (ex: intelligence or mechanical comprehension)

what is premium pay

extra pay for working holidays or vacation days

what is cultural noise

failure to recognize responses of a candidate that are socially acceptable rather than factual

how many employees are required for the employee polygraph protection

fed/state/local exempt some private exempt

what is equal employment opportunity commission (EEOC)

federal agency responsible for enforcing anti-discrimination laws and handling alleged complaints

what are developmental activities

focus on preparing employees for future responsibilities while increasing their capacity to perform their current jobs

what is the delphi technique

forecasting technique that progressively collects information from a group without physically assembling the contributors

what does FDI stand for

foreign direct investment- the investment of foreign assets into domestic structures, equipment, and organizations

what is a cash balance plan

form of defined benefit plan that defines the promised benefit in terms of a hypothetical account balance and features benefit portability

what are health maintenance orgs (HMOs)

form of health care that provides service for a fixed period on a prepaid basis

what is group-term life insurance

form of insurance carried by employers for their employees that provides a lump-sum payment to the employees beneficiaries

what is counseling

form of intervention in which the emphasis is on the cause of a problem rather than on job performance

what is interest-based bargaining (IBB)

form of negotiating where parties look for common ground and attempt to satisfy mutual interests through the bargaining process

what is errors and omissions (E&O) insurance

form of professional liability coverage that protects against employment claims

what is multidrug-resistant TB (MDR-TB)

form of tuberculosis that is resistant to current drug therapy

what are preferred provider orgs (PPOs)

formed by an insurance company, an employer, or a group of employers who negotiate discounted fees with networks of health-care providers; in return, the employers guarantee a certain volume of patients

what are benchmark jobs

found outside the company, provide reference points against which the values of jobs within the company are judged

what are pulse surveys

frequent short questionnaires to solicit anonymous employee feedback

what is the indemnity health-care plan

full-choice health care plan that allows covered employees to go to any qualified physician or hospital and submit claims to the insurance company; aka fee for service health care plan

how many employees are required for OSHA

general - 1 or more farmers - 10 or more

what is good-faith bargaining

generally means that parties in a negotiation enter into discussion with fair and open minds and a sincere desire to arrive at an agreement

what is the cost of living adjustment (COLA)

given to employees regardless of performance or orgs profitability; usually linked to inflation; also referred to as standard percentage raise

what is the truth in employment act

gives employers protection against salting from unions

what is the US PATRIOT act

gives federal officials greater authority to take measures to combat terrorism

what is bumping

gives more senior workers whose jobs have become obsolete the right to transfer into jobs of less senior workers - ex: an employee with 10 years of employment can take a lower position when the company downsizes and the employees position is eliminated

what is supply chain

global network used to deliver products and services from raw materials to end customers through an engineered flow of information, physical distribution, and cash

what is rabbi trust

grantor trust designed to segregate non qualified deferred compensation benefits from an employers general accounts

what is the reserved rights doctrine

grants management full authority and discretion over the items that are or could be covered unless the contract limits managements rights in a particular area

what are gainsharing plans

group incentives where a portion of the gains an org realizes from efforts is shared with the group

what are pay grades

group jobs for pay policy application, usually based on similar compensable factors and value, same relative internal worth - all jobs within a particular grade are paid the same rate or within the same rate range

what is a project team

group of people who come together for a specific project

what is the occupational safety and health review commission (OSHRC)

group that rules on contested OSHA citations

what is job classification

grouping jobs into a predetermined number of grades or classifications, each having a class description to use for job comparisons - the bests known classification system is the general schedule (GS) used by the federal gov't

what are affinity groups

groups for employees with a common interest or characteristic

what is a disaster recovery plan

guidelines and procedures to be used by an org for the recovery of data lost due to severe forces of nature, such as earthquakes, fires, tornadoes, floods, or hurricanes

which OSHA standard is known as the employee right to know low

hazard communication

what is a medicare supplement

health plan that covers specific expenses not covered by medicare

what is medicare carve-out

health plan where benefits are reduced for employees eligible for medicare; medicare becomes the primary provider

what is consumer-directed health care

health-care options intended to help employers better control costs while allowing employees to make more decisions about their health care

what is a self-insured health-care plan

health-care plan in which the employer assumes the role of the insurance company and assumes some or all of the risk

what is the primary role of HR during an EEOC complaint process

help the company attorney investigate charges and provide supporting documentation

what is job ranking based on

hierarchy of jobs from lowest to highest based on overall importance to the org

if someone is new and not as credible, what should you do

hire a consultant to help with your primary research

what is hyper connectivity

how technology is rapidly creating a smaller world

what is an HRD program

human resource development program - the easiest and most immediate method of evaluating them is reaction

what is encryption

hypertext transfer protocol (HTTP) is the web browser formatting language for encrypting data

what is systems thinking

idea that orgs are composed of interacting and interdependent parts that create a dynamic internal environment

what is the sunset clause

identified time period and ending point that should be identified in incentive pay plans

what is identity alignment vs. process alignment

identity- extent to which diversity and differences are embraced, product/service brand may be adjusted to accommodate local culture process- extent to which underlying operations (IT, finance, HR) integrate across locations

what is a control chart

illustrates variations from normal in a situation over time

what is talent management

implementation of integrated systems to increase workplace productivity by developing processes for attracting, developing, retaining, and utilizing people with skills and aptitude to meet org needs

what is the duty of good faith and fair dealing

imposes on each party in a contract an obligation for honesty in the conduct of the transaction

what are unemployment compensation amendments (UCA)

imposted a mandatory 20% federal income tax withholding requirement on most qualified retirement plan proceeds that a recipient doesn't roll over into another qualified retirement plan or individual retirement account

what supersedes the employee handbook

in a workplace regulated by union contracts, the contract supersedes the employee handbook, but handbooks and codes are still ofted used to clarify expectations

what is the KPMG survey of corporate responsbility reporting

in depth exam of worldwide reporting, what is being reported, and the report quality

what is nonduplication of benefits

in health plans, requires a secondary carrier to reimburse only up to the level of reimbursement they would have paid

what is the most highly unionized segment of the US workforce

in the public sector: - federal - state - local -more than 35% represented by unions -also targets low-skilled and temporary contingent workers

what is short term disability insurance

inability to perform the duties of ones regular job - recovery from injuries/surgeries - treatment of an illness requiring any hospitalization

the formula used to compare safety results of one org to another is

incidence rate formula

what are unsafe acts

incidents that result form unsafe behavior on the part of the employee, such as operating equipment at high speeds

what are non qualified deferred compensation plans

income deferral benefit offered to a select group of management or highly compensated employees in the org

what is welfare to work tax credit

income tax credit to encourage employers to hire long-term welfare recipients

what is work opportunity tax credit (WOTC)

income tax credit to encourage employers to hire people from targeted groups

what is a scatter diagram

indicates the relationship between data items using x and y axes

what type of cost is the cost to replace an injured worker and train a new one

indirect cost

who can employers contract with

individual employees and organized groups of employees

what is a gatekeeper

individual, usually a primary-care physician, who is given control of patient access to specialists and services in a mangled care org

what are ombuds

individuals outside the normal chain of command who act as independent problem solvers for both management and employes -sometimes use mediation -peer review panels- employees to appeal disciplinary actions to an internal committee

an employee has a drink ay lunch, the supervisor wants HR to term them, what should HR do

inform the employee in writing that any further violation will lead to immediate dismissal

what is diversity training

informs and educates senior management and staff about diversity and to develop concrete skills among staff that enhances productivity and communications among all employees

what is a deductible

initial amount of covered medical expenses an individual must pay before receiving paid benefits under a health-care plan

what is defamation

injuring someones reputation by making a false and malicious statement; may be spoken (slander) or written (libel)

what is OSHAs form 301

injury and illness incident report; supplemental record that covers the details of each occupational injury and illness

what is an occupational injury

injury that results from a work-related accident or exposure involving a single incident in the work environment

what is the consumer price index (CPI)

instrument that measures change over time for costs of a group of goods and services

what is stop-loss coverage

insurance policy that protects employers with partially self-funded insurance plans by limiting individual and group-wide claims

what is professional liability insurance

insurance that protects directors, officers, employees, and orgs against claims of negligence in the performance of professional services

what is long term care insurance

insurance that provides a daily monetary benefit to people who are chronically ill and who require living assistance either at home or in a residential facility

what is fraudulent misrepresentation

intentional deception relied upon and resulting in injury to another person

when can polygraph tests be used

internal investigation for employees who are reasonably suspected of involvement in a workplace incident (ex: theft) that resulted in specific economic loss or injury

tax legislation is implemented by which org

internal revenue service (IRS)

what is a SWOT analysis

internal strengths and weaknesses, external opportunities and threats

what is ISO

international standards org - promotes worldwide proprietary, industrial, and commercial standards

which union organizing activity would be most effective with permanent part-time customer service representatives at a large high-tech firm

internet campaigns

what is constructive confrontation

intervention strategy that focuses on job performance

what is the first impression error

interview bias in which the interviewer makes snap judgements and lets first impression (positive or negative) cloud the interview

what is a repetitive interview

interviewer asks every applicant the same questions; also called a structured interview

what is a situational interview

interviewer asks hypothetical questions designed to elicit stories and examples that demonstrate the applicants skills and qualifications

what is negative emphasis

interviewer bias that rejects a candidate based on a small amount of negative information

what is the horn effect

interviewer bias the they allow one strong point that works against the candidate to overshadow all other info

what is the halo effect

interviewer bias where one strong point in candidates favor overshadows all other information

what is an express oral contract

involves verbal promises made between employer and employee related to employment

what are private-letter rulings

issued by the IRS to specific taxpayers or orgs that request an interpretation of the law

what does grievance arbitration mean

it a means by which a third party settles disputes arising

what is the PAPA model

it evaluates risk P: prepare- ex: terrorist in workplace A: act- ex: workplace accidents P: park- ex: bullying A: adapt- ex: hiring the disabled

maslows hierarchy

it illustrates the importance of recognition and identification of individual needs for the purpose of motivating behavior

what is specialization

it occurs when people repeatedly perform the same task, becoming more proficient - can lead to decreased communication, boredom, and low employee morale

what does HIPAA do about preexisting conditions

it restricts waiting periods for them

what is principled negotiation

it separates the people from the problem, focuses on interests not positions, invests options for mutual gain, and insists on objective criteria

what is the factor comparison method

job comparison method that ranks each job by each selected compensable factor and then identifies dollar values to develop a pay rate

what is the paired-comparison method

job ranking method in which evaluator compares each job with every other job being evaluated

what is comparable worth

jobs requiring comparable skills, effort, responsibility, and working conditions filled primarily by women should have the same job classification and salary as similar jobs filled by men

what is administrative law judge (ALJ)

judge who conducts the formal procedures for OSHA citations

what is polycentric

key positions are filled by individuals in the region of the subsidiary, host country manages subsidiaries but home company fills key positions

which major national labor law protects the rights of union members in their unions

landrum-griffin act

what is common situs picketing

lawful picketing of a primary employer also affects a secondary employer that occupies common premises; employers may establish separate or reserved gates, one for the struck employer and the other for all other employers

how should supervisors manage in a total quality environment

learn to manage in a more participative environment

what is organizational learning

learning activities that may occur at any one of several levels in an org

what is an s-shaped curve

learning curve where learning occurs in a series of increasing or decreasing returns; usually seen when an employee is attempting to learn a difficult task that also requires specific insight

what is a social charter

legislation pending before european union where employment conditions/practices would be standardized

what is synthesis

level of learning at which the learner is able to respond to new situations and determine trouble-shooting techniques and solutions

what is the maximum amount of individual punitive damages when an employer is charged with intentionally discriminating against race or national origin

limits are based on the number of employees in the company

what is the excelsior list

list the employer has to provide the union with the names and addresses of certain employees within 7 days after the direction of or consent to an election

what is a frequency distribution

listing of grouped data, from lowest to highest

what does the copyright act cover

literary, artistic, and other creative expressions

employees hired in their own countries are known as what

local nationals

what is inductive reasoning

looking at a set of observations and designing a rule that characterizes or explains a pattern underlying the observations

what is the small business job protection act (SBJPA)

made changes to rules about the ability of tax-exempt orgs to institute retirement plans modeled after 401k and IRA accounts and to the definition of highly compensated employees

what is the tax reform act

made significant changes in employee benefit programs, especially retirement plans

what is performance management

maintaining or improving employee performance through assessment tools, coaching, counseling, and feedback

what is the first consideration in developing a compensation system

make sure the system fits the orgs strategy

what does MBO stand for

management by objectives

what is business continuity planning

management process that identifies potential threats and impacts to an org and provides framework for ensuring that it is able to withstand disruption interruption, or loss of normal business functions/operations

what is a lockout

management shuts down operations to prevent union members from working

what is unemployment insurance

mandatory benefit program set up as part of the SS act designed to provide a subsistence payment to employees between jobs

what is medicare part a

mandatory media coverage for persons covered by medicare; covers both inpatient and outpatient hospital care and services - physicians fees - food service or housekeepers wages - custodial care in a nursing home - ordinary dental services and dentures - expenses for routine physical exams

what is a cause and effect diagram

maps out a list of factors that are thought to affect a problem or a desired outcome

what is a lifetime maximum benefit

maximum dollar amount of covered medical expenses that a health-care plan will pay on behalf of any covered person during that persons lifetime

what are noncompete agreements

may be included in employment contracts, they prohibit individuals who leave an org from working with an employer in the same line of business for a certain amount of time - usually for new hires but can also be for current employees

what are examples of intrinsic rewards

meaningful work, good feedback on performance, autonomy, other things that lead to high levels of satisfaction in the job

what is regression

measure that refers to the casual effect of one variable upon another

what is a balanced scorecard

measurement approach that provides an overall picture of an orgs performance as measured against goals in finance, customers, internal business processes, and learning and growth

what is the gross profit margin

measures the difference between what it costs to produce a product and the selling price

what is occupational illness

medical condition or disorder, other than one resulting from an occupational injury, caused by exposure to environmental factors associated with employment

what is sustainability

meeting the needs of the present without compromising the ability of our future generations to meet their needs focus: long term value rather than short term returns sweet spot: place where there is common ground between business and public interests that can still create business opportunities (center between environmental (planet), social (people), and economic (profit))

what are assessment centers

method of evaluating candidates using content-valid work samples of job; typically for managerial positions

what are blood borne pathogens

microorganisms in human blood that can cause disease in humans

what is the clayton act

minimally restricted the use of injunctions against labor and legalized peaceful strikes, picketing, and boycotts

what is the world trade org (WTO)

mission is to open trade opportunities and facilitate trade disputes -WTO looks to ILO for counsel

what is an amendment

modification of the constitution or a law; may be either formal (written) or informal (unwritten)

what is process evaluation

monitors which program activities are performed and what their outputs are (ex: how often are classes given? how many people attend?)

what are survivors benefits

monthly benefits paid under SS to eligible dependents of deceased workers

what are disability benfits

monthly benefits paid under SS to workers (and eligible dependents) younger than the SS retirement age if they have a disability

what is the point-factor method

most commonly used method of job evaluation; it involves using specific factors to evaluate job worth

what is transformational leadership

motivates employees by inspiring them to join in a mutually satisfying achievement

what did edgar schein promote

multiple layers of culture 1. implicit- basic assumptions (inside) 2. norms and values (middle) 3. explicit- artifacts and products (outside)

what is the duty of successor employers or unions

mutual bargaining obligation of an employer and a union when a majority interest in a unionized company is sold to another employer

what is a community of interests

mutuality of interests among employees in bargaining for wages, hours, and working conditions

what information is recorded on the OSHA 300 form

name and job title, description of injury, date and place of injury

what are mandatory issues

negotiation topics and collective bargaining issues identified specifically by labor laws or court decisions as subject to bargaining

how do you measure human economic value added (HEVA)

net profit after taxes - cost of capital / full time head count - wealth created per employee

what is a top hat plan

non qualified deferred compensation plan that provides retirement benefits to select group of management or highly compensated employees

what are excess deferral plans

non qualified deferred compensation plans that provide benefits to selected management or highly compensated employees beyond section 401 or 415 limitations

what are discretionary benefits

not required benefits that employers offer at their own choice. benefits fall into three broad categories: protection programs, pay for time not worked, and services (ex: disability/life insurance, retirement plans, health insurance, PTO, flexible work schedules, family assistance programs, day care, tuition reimbursement)

what is a quorum

number of members of an org that have to be present before official business may be conducted

what are placement goals

objectives or targets in an affirmative action plan that are set when the percentage of minorities or women in a job group is less than expected, given their availability

what is recognition picketing

obtain the employers recognition of the union as the bargaining representative

what is a quantitative analysis

obtains easily quantifiable data on a limited number of measurement points

what is a primacy error

occurs when an appraiser gives more weight to an employees earlier performance and discounts recent occurrences

what is the contrast error

occurs when an employees rating is based on how his or her performance compares to that of another employee rather than objective standards

what is job burnout

occurs when work is no longer meaningful to a person - how to fix: give employees control over their work

what is phased retirement

offers employees the opportunity to gradually reduce the number of hours they work before they are fully retired

what is transactional leadership

offers the promise of reward or the threat of discipline to motivate employees

what is vestibule training

offline, instructor-led training designed to bring a learner up to production standards before assuming online responsibilities

what is equity partnership

one firm acquires partial ownership through purchase of shares - the relationship may be general (share control/profits) or limited (no authority)

what is a performance bonus

one-time payment made to an employee; aka lump-sum increase (LSI)

what are lump-sum increases (LSI)

one-time payment made to an employee; also called performance bonus

in what manner should you respond to risk

operational (short term) not strategic (long term)

what is medicare part b

optional medical coverage for persons covered by medicare - diagnosis, therapy, surgery - consultation during home, office, and institutional calls - medications that cannot be self-administered

what is a learning organization

org characterized by a capability to adapt to changes in environment

how do employees in an entitlement-oriented culture feel

org provides them with benefits which means they have less individual pressure to contribute

what is a divisional structure

org structure in which divisions are separated by product, customer or market, or region

what are performance-sharing plans

organization-wide incentive plans in which funds are made available for incentive awards based on predetermined criteria and standards

what is an OD intervention

organizational development intervention -first stage requires determining the target audiences readiness for the upcoming change (ex: ask managers what changes they think should be made)

what should an AAP include

organizational profile, workforce analysis, job group analysis, availability analysis, utilization analysis, placement goals, description of action-oriented programs, designation of responsibility, problem areas, internal audit and reporting system *doesn't need to include data on past EEO investigations and outcomes

what is the first step of the union organization process

organizing campaign

what is a job group analysis

part of affirmative action that lists all job titles of each group having similar content and responsibilities, wage rates, and opportunities for advancement

what is an organizational display

part of an AA plan that provides a graphical presentation of the organizational units, including their interrelationships

what is a realistic job preview (RJP)

part of the selection process that provides an applicant with honest and complete information about a job and the work environment

what is a standard percentage raise

pay adjustment given to employees regardless of their performance or company profitability; usually linked to inflation; aka COLA

what are supplemental wages

pay beyond base salary or wages such as bonuses and commissions

what is hazard pay

pay earned by employees who work in an environment that is considered more risky from a safety or health point of view

what are time-based step rate pay systems

pay is based on longevity in the job and pay

what is time-based step-rate pay

pay is used on longevity (long existence) in the job and pay increases occur on a predetermined schedule

what is reporting pay

pay provided to employees who report for work as scheduled but then find that no work is available

what is time-based differential pay

pay rates that are affected by when an employee works

what is person-based pay

pay system in which employee characteristics, rather than the job, determine pay

what is a differential-piece rate system

pay system where the employee receives one piece rate up to a standard and then a higher rate once the standard is exceeded

what is call-back pay

pay that employees receive when they are called back for an extra shift in the same workday

what is an emergency-shift pay

pay that employees receive when they are called into work during an emergency (ex: power outage)

what is on-call pay

pay that employees receive when they are on call but not actually working

what is direct compensation

pay that is received by an employee, including base pay, differential pay, and incentive pay

what are examples of extrinsic rewards

pay, benefits, bonuses, promotions, achievement awards, time off, more freedom and autonomy, special assignments

what are voluntary deductions

payroll deductions selected by the employee such as charitable contributions

what are involuntary deductions

payroll deductions such as tax levies and court-ordered child support that an employee must pay

what are kinesthetic learners

people who learn best through a hands on approach, also called tactile learners

what is distributive justice

perceived fairness across employees, the perceived fairness in the distribution of outcomes (ex: when some are punished and others arent - is this fair?) -employee perceptions

what is procedural justice

perceived fairness of the processes used to make decisions about employees - are the rules fair and fairly applied to everyone - due process is a key part when making promotion, pay, discipline

what is sick leave

period of time during which employees who are ill or have nonword-related injuries receive their full salary

what is a subject matter expert (SME)

person who is well versed in the content of an HR development program

what is an expatriate

person who lives in one country and is employed by an org based in another country; aka international assignees

what different things can diversity include

personality, work style, race, age, ethnicity, gender, religion, education, functional level at work

what is theory of constraints (TOC)

philosophy that every org is hindered by constraints that come from its internal policies

what is the positive discipline approach

philosophy that violations are actions that usually can be corrected without penalty - managers focus on finding guidance to encourage desirable behaviors, rather than penalites

what is exclusive provider organization (EPO)

plan in which participants must use providers in the network of coverage or no payment will be made

what is deferred compensation

plan that provides income to employees at some future time as compensation for work performed now

what is HR development (HRD)

planned activities that provide its members with the necessary skills to meet current and future job demands

what is employee involvement (EI)

planned and orderly attempt to link the shared interests of the employee and the company for their mutual benefit

what are money purchase plans

plans in which employers make mandatory payments (a fixed % of an eligible employees comp) to a retirement plan

what are roth 401k / 403b plans

plans that allow after-tax contributions to existing 401k or 403b plans

what are 457 plans

plans that allow employees of states, political subdivisions or agencies of states, and certain tax-exempt orgs to defer receipt of wages

what are 401k plans

plans that allow employees to make tax-favored pay deferrals toward retirement savings through a a payroll deduction plan

what are AAPs

plans that focus on the hiring, training, promoting, and compensating of protected classes where there are deficiencies

what is the factor evaluation system (FES)

point-factor job evaluation system developed by the US govt

what is a guide chart-profile

point-factor job evaluation system; aka hay plan

what is the hay plan

point-factor job evaluation system; also known as the guide chart-profile

what is no-solicitation policy

policy that restricts employees and outsiders form distributing literature or soliciting union members on company premises

what is the sandwich generation

portion of silent and baby boom generations that simultaneously care for their children and their elderly family members

what are skip-level interviews

practice in union-free orgs of encouraging managers to spend time with each employee two levels below them on an annual basis

what is career management

preparing, implementing, and monitoring employers career paths, with a primary focus on the goals of the org

what is organizational feedback

presentation of data to stimulate discussion of problem areas, generate potential solutions, and stimulate motivation for change

which areas of workplace risk are the HR team included

prevention, minimization, communication

what are the 4 primary activities of a value chain

primary activities add direct value 1. R&D (research and development) 2. operations 3. marketing and sales 4. fulfillment

what are uniform guidelines on employee selection procedures

procedural document designed to assist employers in complying with federal regulations prohibiting discrimination

what is vesting

process by which a retirement benefit becomes nonforfeitable

what is distance learning

process of delivering educational or instructional programs to locations away from a classroom or site

what is succession planning

process of identifying, assessing, and developing leadership talent for the orderly replacement of key employees

what is collective bargaining

process of management and union representatives negotiating the employment conditions for a bargaining unit, the LAST step in unionization, the process where representatives of management and workers negotiate over wages, hours, and other terms/conditions of employment

what is on-boarding

process of new employee assimilation into the org, which often lasts up to 6 months to a year

what is a performance appraisal

process that measures the degree to which an employee accomplishes work requirements

what is strategic management

processes and activities used to formulate HR objectives, practices, and policies

what is consumer picketing

product boycotts involving such activities as distributing handbills, carrying placards, and urging customers to refuse to purchase products from a particular retail or wholesale business

what are teratogens

products that affect a fetus but not the pregnant mother

what is the progressive discipline approach

progressively more severe and designed to change employees inappropriate behavior 1st offense- verbal caution 2nd offense- written reprimand 3rd offense- suspension 4th offense- termination

what is the foreign corrupt practices act (FCPA)

prohibits american companies from making corrupt payments to foreign officials for the purpose of obtaining or keeping business

what is executive order 11478

prohibits discrimination in the US postal service and in various government agencies on the basis of race, color, religion, gender, national origin, handicap, or age

what is the copeland "anti-kickback" act

prohibits federal contractors from receiving kickbacks form employees or subcontractors for wages earned on federal projects

what is the wiretap act

prohibits the interception of emails in transmission

what is the program evaluation review technique (PERT) chart

project management tool used to schedule, organize, and coordinate tasks within a project

what is a gantt chart

project planning tool that graphically displays activities of a project in sequential order and plots them against time

what is a simple linear regression

projection of future demand based on a past relationship; involves a single variable

what are required benefits that have to be offered by the employer

protection programs that attempt to promote worker safety and health, maintain family income streams, and assist families in crises 1. unemployment insurance 2. workers comp 3. social security 4. FMLA

what is directors and officers (D&O) liability insurance

protects directors, officers, and corps from claims such as shareholder class actions and SEC violations for fraud and mismanagement

what is the uniformed services employment and reemployment rights act (USERRA)

protects employment, reemployment, and retention rights for persons who voluntarily or involuntarily service or have served in the uniformed services

what is the fair credit reporting act

protects privacy of background information and ensures that information supplied is accurate

what is the labor management reporting and disclosure act (LMRDA)

protects the rights of union members from corrupt or discriminatory labor unions; aka landrum-griffin act

what is a contingency plan and how is HR involved

protocol that an organization follows when an identified risk event occurs HR involvement: - policies -evacuation and relocation - communications - training -continuity

what are material safety data sheets (MSDS)

provided by manufacturers for every hazardous substance; employers must evaluate chemicals and inform employees of hazardous properties

what is a decertification election

provided by the taft-harley act for employees to terminate union representation - may occur if employees believe that the union is not representing their interests - starts when employee or group of employees requests it - they must circulate a petition containing a written statement that they no longer wish to be represented by their union - the employer can not encourage or guide the employees in the prep or filing of the petition

what is the retirement equity act (REA)

provided certain legal protections for spouses beneficiaries of qualified retirement plans

what is the grievance procedure

provides an orderly way to resolve differences of opinion in regard to a union contract

what is the taft-harley act

provides balance of power between union and management by designating certain union activities as unfair labor practices; aka labor management relations act (LMRA)

what is the labor management relations act (LMRA)

provides balance of power between union and management by designating certain union activities as unfair labor practices; aka taft hartley act

what is flat-rate pay

provides each incumbent of a job with the same rate of pay, regardless of performance or seniority; aka single-rate pay

what is single-rate pay

provides each incumbent of a job with the same rate of pay, regardless of performance or seniority; also known as flat-rate pay

what is the consolidated omnibus budget reconciliation act (COBRA)

provides individuals and dependents who may lose medical coverage with opportunity to pay to continue coverage

what is a non qualified pension plan

provides less favorable tax treatments for employers than qualified pension plans

what is the fair and accurate credit transactions act (FACT)

provides some relief to employers using third parties to conduct workplace investigations

what is executive order 11246 and 11375

provides that federal contractors and subcontractors must eliminate discrimination on race, color, religion, gender, national origin - a writer AAP must be created

what is the dues checkoff clause

provides the automatic deduction of union dues from the payroll checks of union members

what is training

providing KSAs specific to a task or job

what are union security clauses

provisions in a collective bargaining agreement designed to protect the institutional authority or survival of the union (ex: making union membership required for all)

how is the negotiation of wage rates (collective bargaining) dealt with in the public and private sector

public - prohibited subject private - permissive subject

what are revenue rulings

published by the IRS as general guidelines to all taxpayers or orgs

what are mid-term objectives

purpose is similar to short-term objectives, but are completed in 1 to 3 years

what is graded vesting

qualified retirement plan participants become incrementally vested over a period of years of service

what are 529 plans

qualified tuition plans that provide families a federal tax-free way to save money for college

what are closed questions

questions that can usually be answered with yes or no

what is experience rating

rating system that bases insurance rates on claims history

what is the cost-benefit analysis

ratio that allows management to determine the financial impact particular activities and programs will have on a company profitability

what is trainability

readiness to learn, combining students level of ability and motivation with their perceptions of the work environment

what is just cause

reasonable justification for taking employment related action -unions usually require an employer to provide a "good reason" for disciplinary actions - does not exist in at-will situations, reasonable justification for taking employment related action

what is a push factor

reasons an org may have been driven into globalization by competitive factors

what does a critical incident performance appraisal measure

records employee actions in addition to actual ratings, both positive and negative actions are recorded

what is the omnibus budget reconciliation act (OBRA)

reduced compensation limits in qualified retirement programs

what is vesting and the two types

refers to an employees nonforfeitable rights to pension benefits. 1. cliff- must grant employees 100% vesting after no more than 3 years of service 2. gradual/grading- enables employees to earn vesting rights in stages; 20% each year beginning with the employees second year of service, reaching 100% after no more than 6 years of service

what is consumer-driven health care

refers to employer-sponsored programs that shift a greater amount of the responsibility to employees for selecting health care providers

what is long-term disability insurance

refers to illnesses or accidents that prevent an employee from performing his or her own occupation over a designated period

what is a straight-piece rate system

refers to pay system where employee receives a minimum wage and is awarded additional compensation based on output. determined by multiplying the number of units produced by the piece rate for one unit

what is right to work

refers to statutes that prohibit unions from making union membership a condition of employment

what are compensable factors

reflect how the job adds value to the organization; these factors are used to determine which jobs are worth more than others (skill, effort, responsibility, and working conditions). help meets three challenges: internal consistency, market competitiveness, and recognition of individual contributions

what is work rule

reflects management decisions regarding specific actions to be taken or avoided in a given situation

what is the fair labor standards act (FLSA)

regulates employee overtime status, overtime pay, child labor, minimum wage, record keeping, and other administrative concerns

how should a company determine if changes to their emergency response plans are needed

rehearsals or drills of the plan

what is reasonable and customary

reimbursement standard used by insurance companies to determine how much providers should be paid for their services

what is repatriation

reintegrating employees into their home country operations following an international assignment

what is offshoring

relocation of processes or functions from a home country to another country

what is deauthorization

removes authority of a bargaining representative in a non-right-to-work state to negotiate or enforce a union security clause

what is long-term disability coverage (LTD)

replaces a portion of an employees lost income after STD coverage ends

what is STD coverage

replaces a portion of lost income for a specified period of time for employees who are ill or have nonword-related injuries

what are dashboards

reporting mechanizm, high level, real time

what are pay structures

represent pay rate differences for jobs of unequal worth and the framework for recognizing differences in employee contributions

what are pay ranges

represent the span of possible pay rates for each pay grade; include midpoint, minimum, and maximum rates

what is a directed election

representation election ordered by the NLRB regional director after a preelection hearing

what can employees do during a decertification process

request a decertification election and circulate a decertification petition

what is a psychomotor test

require a candidate to demonstrate a minimum degree of strength, physical dexterity, and coordination in a specialized skill area

what is the sarbanes-oxley act (SOX)

requires administrators of defined contribution plans to provide notice of covered blackout periods; provides whistleblower protection for employees

what is compulsory arbitration

requires employees to sign a pre-employment agreement stating that all disputes will be submitted to arbitration

what is a money purchase plan

requires employers to make mandatory payments (a fixed % of an employees compensation) to a retirement plan

what is the drug-free workplace act

requires federal contractors with contracts of $100,000 or more to certify that they are maintaining a drug-free workplace

what is the pay for performance philosophy

requires that compensation changes reflect individual performance differences

what is zero-based budgeting

requires that expenditures be justified for each new period and in which budgets start at 0

what is the congressional accountability act

requires that federal employee relations legislation enacted by congress apply to employees of congress

what is duty of fair representation

requires that unions act fairly on behalf of the employees they represent in negotiating and administering collective bargaining agreements

what is critical chain project management

resources are maxed out to reach deadlines

what are covenant of good faith and fair dealing exemptions

restricts actions that are seen as unjust or malicious (this is only in a few states)

what is retaliatory discharge

result of an employer punishing an employee for engaging in activities protected by the law

what is the best basis for developing an HRD program

results of a needs assessment

what is negligent retention

retention of employees who engage in misconduct both during and after working hours

what is a qualified deferred compensation plan

retirement benefit offered to all employees in the org; provides tax advantages and is protected under the ERISA

what is savings incentive match plan for employees (SIMPLE)

retirement plan where employees can contribute each year to a 401k plan or IRA

how do you measure human capital return on investment (HCROI)

revenue (op. expenses - [comp and ben costs]) / (comp and ben costs) -amount of profit derived from investments in labor

how do you measure human capital value added (HCVA)

revenue - (op. expenses [comp and ben costs]) / full-time head count

what is the needlestick safety and prevention act

revision to blood borne pathogens standard that requires employers to minimize employees exposure to blood through needlesticks

what are merit pay programs

reward employees with permanent increases to base pay according to differences in job performance

what is the risk equation

risk level = probability of occurence x magnitude of impact

what is a regulation

rule or order issued by a government agency; often has the force of law

what are state plans

safety and health policies and procedures that states have adopted and have been approved by OSHA

what is a divestiture

sale by a company of an asset that is not performing well, that is not core to the company's business, or that is worth more as a separate entity

what is a full cafeteria plan

section 125 plan that allows employees to choose from a menu of benefits and allocate pretax dollars to pay for those benefits

what are vulnerabilities

security risk factors

what is a scenario analysis

sees the effect of environmental factors on output -which factors have biggest impact (ex: low unemployment rate means fewer applicants)

which health-care funding mechanism is the greatest financial risk for an employer

self-insured

what are the 4 parts of communication

sender > (encoding) > medium channel > (decoding) > receiver > feedback loop

what is proprietary information

sensitive info owned by a company that gives the company certain competitive advantages

what is the IRS 20-factor test

set of 20 factors that the IRS uses to determine whether workers are employees or independent contractors

what is a severance package

set of benefits provided to employees who are termed for some reason other than cause

what is a competency model

set of job competencies that together make up a profile for success for a particular job

what is the pension benefit guaranty corporation (PBGC)

set up by ERISA to insure payment of benefits in the event that a private-sector defined benefit pension plan terminates with insufficient funds to pay the benefits

what is the electronic communications privacy act (ECPA)

sets forth provisions for access, use, disclosure, interception, and privacy protections of electronic communications

what is quid pro quo harassment

sexual harassment that happens when an employee has to choose between sexual demands and forfeiting an economic benefit

an org changed its benefit package and wants to measure employee satisfaction. what action should employer take before administering the survey

share survey goals with employees

what is job rotation

shifts employees between comparable but different jobs

what is a virtual org

short-term alliance between independent orgs in a potentially long-term relationship to design, produce, and distribute a product

what is market-based evaluation

similar to job evaluation systems that evaluates jobs based upon their market value

what is a bona fide occupational qualification

situation in which gender, religion, or national origin is necessary to carrying out a particular job function

what is featherbedding

situation in which unions try to require the employment of more workers than is necessary

what are red circle rates

situations where employees pay is above the range maximum

what are green circle rates

situations where employees pay is below the range minimum

which compensable factor is the most legally defensible

skill (its the most quantifiable indicator)

what is enterprise risk management (ERM)

software systems that help identify and manage operational risk across an org

what are perquisites

special privileges for executives that are usually noncash items

what is groupware

specialized collaborative software applications - how to facilitate interactions between groups: teleconferencing, videoconferencing, telepresence, webconferencing

what is a copayment

specified percentage (usually 20-30%) of covered medical expenses that employee pays or fixed dollar amount that a covered person pays each time he or she visits a physician

what is the mission statement

specifies what the company does, who its customers are, and the priorities it has set in pursuing its work

what is a summary plan description

specify essential information about employer-sponsored benefits as required by the employee retirement income security act. essential information includes the names and addresses of the employees responsible for developing and administering the benefits plan, disclosure of employee rights under ERISA, eligibility criteria for participating in the benefits program

what is workers comp

state insurance program designed to protect workers in cases of work-related injuries or diseases related to workers employment

what are right to work laws

state laws that prohibit requiring employees joining a union as a condition of employment (right to work without joining a union)

what is an out of pocket maximum

stated amount out of pocket the insured can pay for medical costs in a 12 month period before copayments end

what is the general duty clause

statement of OSHA that requires employers subject to OSHA to provide employees with a safe and healthy work environment

what is multiple linear regression

statistical method used to project future demand, several variables are utilized

what is public domain

status of work when copyright protection ends; in general, copyright protection covers the life of the author plus 70 years

what are action plans

steps that a unit, department, or team will take in order to achieve short-term objectives

what are employee stock ownership plans (ESOPs)

stock bonus plans by which employees gain ownership in the org for which they work

what is a sympathy strike

strike by employees of a bargaining unit who refuse to cross picket lines made up of employees who are not embers of their bargaining unit

what is a glass ceiling

strong but invisible career barrier that sometimes exists for minorities and women

what is a panel interview

structured questions are spread across a group; individual who is most competent in the relevant area usually asks the question

what is data analytics

study data to detect patterns that can be used to make predictions and improved decisions

what is OSHAs form 300

summary of work-related injuries and illnesses; shows the totals of work-related injuries and illnesses for the year in each category

what is kolstad vs. american dental association

supreme court said that the availability of punitive damages depends on the motive of the discriminator rather than the nature of the conduct

at what level is an employee an effective trainer

synthesis

what is total quality management (TQM)

system for achieving customer satisfaction that involves all managers and employees, improves an orgs processes

what is progressive discipline

system of increasingly severe penalties for employee discipline

what are golden handcuffs

system of overlapping short and long term incentives to make it less likely that key employees will leave a company

what is a learning management system (LMS)

system that holds course content information and has the capability of tracking and managing employee course registrations, career development, and other employee development activities

what is job evaluation

systematically recognizes differences in the relative worth among a set of jobs and to establish pay differentials accordingly

what act allows the president to declare that a strike constitutes a national emergency

taft-hartley act -national strike impacts an industry or a major part of it that they economy would be affected - can declare an 80 day cooling period (they continue negotiations) - they can only strike if settlement hasn't reached

what is a simplified employee pension (SEP)

tax-deferred account to which the self-employed and employees of very small businesses can contribute

what are individual retirement accounts (IRAs)

tax-deferred accounts to which wage earners can contribute an amount up to a yearly maximum

what is a health savings account (HSA)

tax-sheltered savings account similar to an IRA but created primarily to pay for medical expenses

what is an apprenticeship

technical skills training; often a partnership between employers and unions

what is prima facie

term for on first view or at first appearance

what is wrongful discharge

termination of an individuals employment for reasons illegal or improper

what is a hypothesis

testable prediction that is derived form a theory and scribes a relationship between two variables

what does the EEOC determine

that if there is no reasonable cause, the complainant (employee) is given notice of the right to sue, allowing the employee to file suit in court

who is a union representation election ordered by

the NLRB

what happens first after an unfair labor practice charge has been filed

the NLRB conducts a preliminary investigation

what is knowledge

the ability to recall specific facts

what is human capital

the collective value of capabilities, knowledge, skills, experiences, and motivation of an orgs workforce

what is an entry-age normal formula in a pension plan

the cost of each individual's pension is allocated on a percent of payroll between the time employment starts (entry age) and the assumed retirement date

when are employers requires to pay the prevailing wages

the davis-bacon act requires contractors and subcontractors on federally funded construction projects in excess of $2000 to pay wages/benefits at least equal to those prevailing in the are where work is performed. - only includes laborers and mechanics who are employed on the job site - ex: an electrical contractor who rewired a room is paid $3000)

what are differential piece-rate systems

the employee receives one pice rate up to the standard and then a higher rate once the standard has been exceeded - this can provide an incentive for employees to reach the higher standard (ex: when a company must increase production from 15 to 17 a day)

what is full retirement age governed by

the employees birth year, and the full retirement age is increasing from 65 to 67 on a phased-in basis

what is coordinated bargaining

the employer bargains with several unions simultaneously but on a separate basis - common in the petroleum and diversified financial industries - 2 or more unions representing separate bargaining units interact, exchange info, sit on each others bargaining committees, and cooperate but at the same time keep decisions on individual collective bargaining units distinctly separate from one another

what is a fully insured health-care plan

the employer pays a third-party insurance carrier premiums that cover medical charges, administrative costs, sales commissions, taxes, and profits

what is organizational justice

the fairness of dcisions and resource allocations in an org (ex: employee job satisfaction/commitment come from how fairly they belive they are being treated)

what is criterion-related validity

the link between a selection device and job performance

what is social engineering

the mindset and tactics of unethical hacking

what is the graphic scale method

the most commonly used appraisal method that checks the appropriate place on the scale for each task listed - limitation: separate activities may be grouped together and rated as a unit rather than individually

what is span of control

the number of people who report to a supervisor

what is CSR and HRs role

the orgs commitment to operate in an ethical and sustainable manner by engaging in activities that promote and support philanthropy, transparency, sustainability, and ethically sound governance process - attracts and keeps top talent, increased engagement, attract customers * different for each country/gov't

how do you compute compa-ratio

the pay level divided by the midpoint of the pay range

what is a captivated health-care plan

the physician is paid on a per capita (per head) basis rather than for actual treatment provided

what is a flat dollar formula in a pension plan

the plan pays a set dollar amount for each year of service (ex: $50 / month for each year of service) - usually for hourly employees under collective bargaining unit

what is incremental budgeting

the prior budget is the basis for allocation of funds

what is fair use

the provision of the US Copyright Act that allows the use of copyrighted work in certain circumstances

what is ergonomics

the study and design of a work environment to address the physical demands placed on individuals as they perform their jobs

what is andragogy

the study of how adults learn

what is pedagogy

the study of the education of children

what is governance

the system of rules and processes an org puts in place to ensure its compliance with local and international laws, accounting rules, ethical norms, and environmental or social codes of conduct

what is a task force

the temporary grouping of personnel and resources for the accomplishment of a specific objective - similar to project teams but project teams have more defined boundaries and tasks forces have a mission more long term

what is e-procurement

the use of electronic communications and transaction processing when buying supplies and services

what is information management

the use of technology to collect, process, and condense into with a goal of efficient management of info as an organizational resource

what is demographic dichotomy

the workforce in emerging economies is becoming disproportionately young, while the work force in developed economics is raging

what are implied contract exemptions

they are difficult to prove but can be created through certain employer actions, promises, or statements made by individuals or the org as a whole

what does an administrative law judge do

they conduct a hearing to resolve an unfair labor practice charge - a staff attorney of the NLRB's regional office is responsible for prosecuting the case

what are non-qualified plans

they don't need to be made available to all employees, can target key executives, are not subject to maximum dollar amounts, and are less expensive to set up, but they are tax ramifications to non qualified plans

how is HR involved in contract administration and enforcement

they educate managers / supervisors about new provisions, ways to reinforce contract, how to handle qustions/problems

what do organizational development interventions focus on

they focus o changing an entire system, not a few components

what are dual-ladder programs

they identify meaningful career paths for professional and technical people whose preferences may be outside traditional management roles

what are qualified plans

they provide employers with the maximum tax benefits, but they must be made available to all employees, are subject to maximum dollar amounts and ERISA standards - ex: provide employers with the best tax advantages

why should employers avoid implied contracts

they tend to include more generous dismissal compensation - they need to be formally amended

who is not eligible to vote in a union election

those who are on a leave of absence - military, temporary, and sick leave can

what is the public comment period

time allowed for the public to express its views and concerns regarding an action of a regulatory agency

why might an org offer its employees a flexible benefit plan under section 125 of the IRS code

to allow employees to use pretax dollars for benefits

what is control

to an operations department, an after the fact evaluation of a company ability to meet its own specifications and its customers needs

what is capacity

to an operations department, the ability to yield output

the USA PATRIOT act makes it easier to do which of the following

to detain non US citizens who are suspected of terrorism - may be held for up to 7 days without specific charges

what is the primary purpose of an employee wellness program

to offer preventative care to employees (ex: stress reduction)

what are gross earnings

total earnings before taxes; include regular wages + additional earnings such as tips, bonuses, and overtime

what is coverdell education savings account (ESA)

trust created exclusively for the purpose of paying the qualified education expenses o a designated beneficiary

what is asynchronous learning

type of e-learning in which participants access information at different times and in different places

what is synchronous learning

type of e-learning where participants interact together in real time

what is informational picketing

type of picketing done to advise the public that an employer is nonunion

what is organizational picketing

type of picketing done to induce employees to accept the union as their representative

what is a consent election

type of representation election that involves an agreement between an employer and a union to waive the preelection hearing

what is a premium only plan (POP)

type of section 125 plan that allows employees to pay for certain qualified benefits with pretax dollars

what are flexible spending accounts

type of section 125 plan that allows employees to use pretax dollars to pay for certain out-of-the pocket health and dependent-care expenses

what is a flexible spending account (FSA)

type of section 125 plan that allows employees to use pretax dollars to pay for out of pocket health and dependent care expenses

what is travel pay

typically paid to nonexempt workers for the time they spend traveling to or between work assignments

what is agile project management

unclear objectives/instructions, the project focuses on iterations of the deliverables

what is a qualifying event

under COBRA, an event such as termed for reasons other than gross misconduct, allows employees to continue their group health-care coverage for a specified period of time

what is lewis change model

unfreezing, moving, refreezing prepare for the change, implement change, solidarity the desired change

what are weingarten rights

union employees right to have a union rep or coworker present during an investigatory interview

what is ratification

union members vote to accept the terms of a negotiated labor agreement

what can a union representative do during investigatory interviews

union rep may speak privately with the employee before the interview, and can only attend meetings that gather facts - the rep can interrupt to clarify a question or object - the rep can offer advice about who to answer a question but can't tell the employee what to say

which provision of a union contract can help a union with retention of members

union security and membership clauses

what is salting

unions hire and pay people to apply for jobs at certain companies to begin organizing efforts

what is upstream vs. downstream strategies

upstream- decisions made at HQ level, focus on standardization of process and integration of resources downstream- decisions made locally, attempts to adapt strategy and goals to local realities

what is terrorism

use of force or violence against persons or property in violation of the criminal laws of the US for purposes of intimidation, coercion, or ransom

what is risk management

use of insurance and other strategies in an effort to prevent or minimize an orgs exposure to liability in the event a loss or injury occurs

what is TIPS

used by labor management attorneys and consultants that covers most of the ULP pitfalls a supervisor can run into T: don't threaten- reduce pay, prevent employees from voting for a union I: interrogate- quiz employees to learn who started the attempt, how would they vote P: promise- pay raises, promotions S: spy- follow/tail employees, visit gathering places

what is a team interview

used in situations where the position relies heavily on team cooperation; supervisors, subordinates, and ears are usually part of the process

what is canvassing

used to describe leafleting (piece of paper/advertisement) activities

what is arbitration

uses a neutral third party to make a binding decision, thereby eliminating the need to involve the court

what is business process integration

uses technology to integrate, automate, and optimize business processes internally and with trusted external partners - integrated to provide real time data and interactions

what is severance pay

usually includes several months of pay following involuntary termination and in some cases, continued coverage under the employers medical insurance plan

what is a pareto chart

vertical bar and line graph where individual values are represented in descending order by bars, and the cumulative total is represented by the line

what is de minimis violation

violation of an OSHA standard that does not have a direct impact on employees' safety and health on the job

what is willful violation

violation of an OSHA standard that is considered intentional

what is a serious violation

violation of an OSHA standard that is likely to cause death or serious injury on the job

what is an other than serious violation

violation of an OSHA standard that would probably not cause serious physical harm or death

what are unfair labor practices (ULPs)

violation of statutory right under labor-relations statues

what is computer vision syndrome (CVS)

vision problems such as headaches and blurred vision that are associated with video display terminals

what are check sheets

visual tools used to collect and analyze data

what is a voluntary protection program (VPP)

voluntary group of employers that promotes and recognizes effective safety and health programs

what do unions in the US primarily focus on

wages and working conditions

what are mandatory subjects for collective bargaining

wages, hours, and conditions of employment

what is double breasting

when a common owner operates both union and nonunion businesses

what is payrolling

when a company needs help and identifies specific people and refers them to a staffing firm, which employs them and assigns them to work at the company

what is garnishment

when a creditor obtains a court order requiring an employer to attach an employees earnings in order to pay back a debt

what is the ally doctrine

when a struck employer effectively uses the employees of an ally as strike breakers and when a union extends its primary picketing to this employer, no violation of the LMRAs secondary boycott prohibition exists

what is a separation agreement

when a termed employee agrees not to sue the employer in exchange for specified benefits, such as additional severance pay

what is recency error

when an appraiser gives more weight to recent occurrences and discounts an employees earlier performance during the appraisal period

what is central tendency error

when an appraiser rates all employees within a narrow range, regardless of differences in actual performance

what is interactional justice

when an employee feels they are treated with dignity and respect, the extent to which a person affected by an employment decision feels treated with dignity and respect - if an employee doesnt get promoted and manager doesnt explain why, was it unfair?

what is a modified-duty program

when an employer offers an employee a less-strenuous job until they are fit to return to their regular job; aka early return to work program

what is an early return to work program

when an employer offers an employee a less-strenuous job until they are fit to return to their regular job; aka modified-duty program

what is recognition

when an employer recognizes a union as being entitled to conduct collective bargaining on behalf of workers in a particular bargaining unit

what is a needs assessment

when an orgs needs are identified in order to help the org accomplish its objectives; also called needs analysis

what is external equity

when an orgs pay rates are at least equal to market rates

when is a recognition picketing prohibited

when another union has already been recognized or a valid election has occurred in the previous 12 months

what is sick building syndrome (SBS)

when building occupants experience acute health and comfort effects that appear to be linked to time spent in a building but no specific illness or cause can be identified

what is a building-related illness (BRI)

when building occupants experience acute health and comfort effects that can be attributed directly to airborne building contaminants

what is coalition bargaining

when more than one employer negotiates with the union; aka multiple employer bargaining

what is distributive bargaining

when parties are in conflict over an issue and the outcome represents a gain for one party and a loss for the other; each party tries to negotiate for the best possible outcome

what is internal equity

when people feel that performance or job differences result in corresponding differences in pay rates

what is a differential piece-rate system

when the employee receives one piece rate up to the standard and then a higher rate once the standard has exceeded (ex: when an employee receives a piece rate up to a standard and then receives a higher rate once the standard has even exceeded)

what is the 4/5ths rule

when the selection rate for a protected class is less than 80% of the rate for the class with the highest selection rate

when can the NLRB order a company to bargain with the union

when the union demonstrates majority status but loses the election and the employer commits an unfair labor practice

what is integrative bargaining

when there is more than one issue to be resolved; focuses on creative solutions to conflicts that reconcile parties interests and result in mutual benefit

what is job sharing

when two part time employees share one full time job

what is pattern bargaining

when unions negotiate provisions covering wages and other benefits similar to those already provided in other agreements existing within the industry or region; aka parallel bargaining

what is decertification

where a union is removed as the representative of a group of employees

what is the dues checkoff

where employees agree in writing to an automatic deduction of dues from their paychecks

what is industrial democracy

where employees have legally mandated rights to participate in management decisions

how many votes need to happen for a union to prevail during a representation election

win a simple majority of the votes cast (50% + 1 person) - if its a tie, there is no certification

what are staff units

work groups that assist line units by performing specialized services, such as HR

what are line units

work groups that conduct the major business of an org

what is a compressed workweek

work schedule that compresses a full weeks work into fewer than 5 days

what is flextime

work schedule that requires employees to work an established number of hours per week but allows starting and ending times to vary

what are wildcat strikes

work stoppages involving the primary employer-employee relationship that are neither sanctioned nor stimulated by the union and that violate a no-strike clause in the contract

what are independent contractors

workers who are not covered by FLSA regulations as determined by the IRS 20-factor test

what is telecommuting

working via computing and telecommunications equipment

what are section 125 benefit plans

written benefit plans maintained by the employer that allows employees to use pretax dollars to pay for certain qualified benefits

what is civil law (legal system)

written codes by legislative bodies

what are golden parachutes

written into executive contracts that provide special payments to key executives who might lose their position or be otherwise disadvantaged if another company took control of the org through a merger or acquisition; aka parachutes

what is a request for proposal (RFP)

written request asking contractors to propose solutions and prices that fit customers requirements

only one decertification election can be held per ____

year

is "when striker occur, plants usually relocate" an illegal intimidation

yes, because plants cant relocate just because of unionization

what is a manual payroll system

you or another employee within your company calculate the payroll each pay period entirely on paper