smart book 6

Research has shown some children from divorced families are more likely to have which of the following

-drug issues -anxiety -depression -academic problems

Children raised by authoritative parents are likely to display which of the following characteristics

-friendliness with peers -cheerfulness and self-control -self-reliance and achievement orientation

Which of the following constitute direct emotional abuse

-mental injury -psychological abuse -verbal abuse

According to some child psychologists, children's pretend-play narratives emphasize which of the following capacities

-role-taking -balance of social roles -metacognition

Which of the following are self-conscious emotions

-shame -pride -embarrassment -guilt

Which key elements are important to improving the adjustment of children of divorce

-the use of the authoritative parenting style -a harmonious relationship between the divorced parents

The ________ parenting style is a restrictive, punitive style in which parents exhort the child to follow their directions and respect their work and effort.

authoritarian

the _______ parenting style is a restrictive, punitive style in which parents exhort the child to follow their directions and respect their work and effort.

authoritarian

According to Baumrind, children whose parents are __________ are often cheerful, self-controlled, self-reliant, and achievement oriented

authoritative

What parenting style encourages children to be independent but still places limits and controls on their actions?

authoritative parenting

in all types of child maltreatment, which of the following is almost always present

emotional abuse

Which of the following theories states that children appraise marital conflict in terms of their sense of security and safety in the family

emotional security theory

True or false: Children of working mothers engage in more gender stereotyping and hold less egalitarian views than children of mothers who stay at home

false

True or false: The mother's involvement with children drops off more than the father's involvement following a divorce

false

Sensorimotor ____________ is defined as behavior engaged in by infants to derive pleasure from exercising their existing sensorimotor schemas

play

Children who repeatedly throw a ball against a wall to work on their aim are engaging in what type of play

practice

Baumrind argued that parents should NOT do which of the following?

leave children to make their own rules be punitive or aloof

After a divorce, each of the following is more likely to be experienced by mothers than fathers EXCEPT

loss of child custody

What type of development involves thoughts, feelings, and behaviors regarding rules and conventions about what people should do in their interaction with other people

moral

Recent research indicates that the ______ of parents' work has more influence on the children's development rather than the fact that one parent works outside the home

nature

What type of play would NOT be considered pretense/symbolic

throwing a ball against the wall and claiming, "I'm going to catch every throw."

True or false: Divorce can be advantageous when the stresses and disruptions in family relationships can be reduced as a result of the move to a divorced, single-parent family

true

Which of the following most characterizes authoritative parenting?

verbal give-and-take

Negative consequences of divorce are more likely to occur in which of the following

-children who are not socially mature -children who do not have an easy temperament -children who are not responsible

Which of the following are likely characteristics for children of authoritarian parents

-anxiety about comparing themselves with others -failure to initiate activity -weak communication skills -unhappiness and fear

Which of the following factors influence the risk of and vulnerability to negative consequences of divorce for a child

-child's pre divorce adjustment -custody situation -child's personality and temperament

The highest incidence of game-playing occurs between what ages

10 and 12

On average, siblings between the ages of 2 and 4 have a conflict once every

10 minutes

self awareness appears around

18 months

By what age do most children know their sex (that is, the labeling of their biological or genetic makeup as female or male based on hormones, chromosomes, and internal and external genitalia)

2

Custodial mothers experience the loss of about ______ of their pre divorce income

25 to 50 percent

Between what ages do sibling conflicts tend to decrease in frequency

5 to 7 years of age

Children who exhibit the poorest adjustment to parental divorce are those that have been involved in how many parental divorces

Multiple

Which of the following is true about the problems seen in children from divorced homes

Their problems may be the result of the marital conflict that led to the divorce

According to Baumrind, which type of parents place firm limits and controls on their child, allows little verbal exchange, and might show rage toward their child?

authoritarian

Baumrind describes children raised by ______ parents as often unhappy, fearful, and anxious about comparing themselves to others

authoritarian

_______ play occurs when children engage in the self-regulated creation of a product or a solution.

constructive

________ play combines sensorimotor/practice play with symbolic representation.

constructive

Diana Baumrind has described ______ of parenting based on various levels of warmth and involvement

four types

Which of the following provides a framework for how people should think, act, and feel based on social and cultural norms about gender

gender roles

According to Erikson's developmental stages, which emotion lowers self-esteem in young children

guilt

Sensorimotor play is best defined as behavior engaged in by

infants to derive pleasure from exercising their sensorimotor schemas

Which of Erikson's psychosocial stages is most associated with early childhood

initiative versus guilt

Children raised by gay or lesbian parents are ______ popular and well-adjusted compared to children raised by heterosexual parents

just as likely to be

Yvonne and Gregory spend most of their leisure time with one another, leaving their child at home. They are more concerned with their own needs than those of their child. According to Baumrind, what parenting style do Yvonne and Gregory utilize?

neglectful

Children raised by gay or lesbian parents or couples are ______ than children of heterosexual parents to be lesbian, gay, or bisexual when they grow up

no more likely

Who do young children identify with most during the initiative-versus-guilt stage

parents

Children of about the same age or maturity level are described as

peers

At what stage do children begin to participate in games involving simple rules of reciprocity and turn-taking

preschool

Many experts on play consider the ______ years the "golden age" of symbolic/pretense play.

preschool

social play increases dramatically during the ________ years.

preschool

The amount of time individuals spend with television, DVDs, computers, video games, and hand-held electronic devices such as smartphones is referred to as ______ time

screen

After developing self-awareness, children around the age of 18 months begin experiencing what type of emotions

self-conscious

According to Erikson, as a young child's conscience governs initiative, feelings of guilt negatively impact

self-esteem

______ is primarily confined to infancy, whereas ______ play can be engaged in throughout life.

sensorimotor practice