Smartbook Chem 15.1-15.2

Which of the following changes are favored in a spontaneous process?

-An overall decrease in energy -An increase in entropy

Which of the following must be known in order to assess the spontaneity of a chemical reaction or physical process at a particular set of conditions? Select all that apply.

-Change in entropy -change in enthalpy

Match each definition with the appropriate term. Spontaneous process and nonspontaneous process

-Spontaneous process -A process that does occur under a given set of conditions -Nonspontaneous- A process that not does occur under a given set of conditions

Which of the following statements correctly describe why the process depicted in the illustration is spontaneous? Select all that apply. (The change is occurring from left to right in the illustration, and the system remains at constant temperature.)

-The process is spontaneous due to an increase in entropy. -The process is spontaneous due to the dispersal of the system's energy over a larger volume.

Which of the following statements correctly reflect the relationship between the spontaneity of a reaction and the sign of ΔH? Select all that apply.

-The sign of ΔH alone is not sufficient evidence to determine the spontaneity of a process. -A negative value of ΔH favors spontaneity.

Match the different forms of motional energy of molecules with their descriptions.

-Translational- The entire molecule moves through space. -Vibrational- Atoms in the molecule move relative to one another. -Rotational- Atoms spin about an axis running through the center of mass of the molecule.

Select the statements that correctly describe the microstates of a system, W. Select all that apply.

-W is the number of energetically equivalent ways the particles of a system may be arranged. -Entropy increases with the number of microstates. -Increasing the temperature of a system will increase W.

Which of the following types of energy are forms of motional energy? Select all that apply.

-vibrational -rotational -translational

What quantity is a measure of how spread out or dispersed a system's energy is?

Entropy

Match each symbol in the equation S = k ln W correctly with its definition.

S=entropy, k=Boltzmann constant, ln= natural logarithm, W= number of possible arrangements

Two unknown reactions (A and B) are analyzed. It is found that reaction A is exothermic, while reaction B is endothermic. Which of these reactions is spontaneous?

Spontaneity cannot be determined from the given information.

True or false: If a process occurs spontaneously in one direction under a certain set of conditions, it does not occur spontaneously in the opposite direction under the same conditions.

True

Mathematically entropy is defined by the equation S = k ln W. W represents the number of possible arrangements, where mathematically W = XN. X represents the number ___ of containing N ___.

cells ; atoms

In order to assess the spontaneity of a chemical reaction or physical process both the change in and associated with the reaction or process must be known.

enthalpy; entropy

The ___ of a system is a measure of the ways in which the energy of the system can be dispersed.

entropy

True or false: The state with the largest number of possible arrangements has the greatest entropy.

true