SNCOA DLC: Leadership & Management

____________ means SNCOs should be proactive in researching a pending or in-progress change. You shouldn't wait for a change to happen, then find out information about it afterwards... that might be too late.

"Actively seeking information"

____________ refers to establishing a communication style that welcomes AFI 36-2618 states you should promote a culture of Airmen capable of adapting to evolving Air Force requirements throughout a career new and different ideas while withholding judgment until those ideas can be fully explored.

"Demonstrating openness"

The ____________ is considered the ideal structure for a team focused on innovation because it integrates a natural democratic system of checks and balances using hand-offs.

"Z" Process

The 5 Cs

*C*are *C*ommit *C*ommunicate *C*onnect *C*elebrate

Three Ds

*D*iscern *D*eclare *D*o

Read the following example and identify if it represents an Interview *Do* or *Don't*. Like and dodge questions.

*Don't* Answer as honestly and completely as you can.

Read the following example and identify if it represents an Interview *Do* or *Don't*. Begin with gratuitous phrases, such as, "I'm glad you asked that question," or "That's a good question."

*Don't* It wastes time, doesn't convey anything, and implies that all the other questions were stupid.

Read the following example and identify if it represents an Interview *Do* or *Don't*. Use -- and repeat -- unverified terminology or "facts" given by a reporter if you are unsure of their accuracy.

*Don't* Politely correct a reporter if you know the real facts. State that you are not aware of the validity of questionable figures or if you have not personally verified the accuracy of the referenced information.

Read the following example and identify if it represents an Interview *Do* or *Don't*. Use acronyms, technical terms, and jargon.

*Don't* Speak conversationally.

5 Negotiation Strategies

*Evade*: "Not now, can you come back later?" *Comply*: "Yes, absolutely, let's do it your way!" *Insist*: "Take it or Leave it" *Settle*: "Let's just split the difference and call it a day" *Cooperate*: "Let's work together and come up with an even better idea"

OODA Loop

*O*bserve *O*rient *D*ecide *A*ct

Three Os

*O*wing *O*rdering *O*ughting

The P.E.P. Cycle

*P*anic *E*lation *P*anic

Three Ps

*P*rinciple *P*urpose *P*eople

Team Dimensions Patterns Pros and Cons of Spontaneous Pattern

*Pros:* - like to move quickly - recognized as a leader, especially when the team needed to act or move forward - prefer to come up with new, untested, ideas *Cons:* - operate without any rules

Team Dimensions Patterns Pros and Cons of Normative Pattern

*Pros:* - likely to move forward in a careful manner, making sure they have all the necessary experience to guide them to success *Cons:* - have a tendency to question all proposed plans and find holes in them before a reviewer does - can over analyze proposed idea and one may never be selected because it's not perfect yet

Team Dimensions Patterns Pros and Cons of Methodical Pattern

*Pros:* - likely to move in a very orderly fashion, making sure all the details have been addressed and covered - get the project completed, but also keep everyone on task to complete the project and help ensure the changes are carried out *Cons:* - may be viewed as the people who want to slow the process down

Team Dimensions Patterns Pros and Cons of Conceptual Pattern

*Pros:* - very helpful in situations that require the development of big, innovative ideas - understand how their ideas fit into the master plan - needed on a team to ensure the approach to the problem is fresh and new *Cons:* - don't always think things through completely

Three Rs

*R*ules *R*esults *R*eality

6-S LEAN WORKPLACE

*S*ort *S*traighten *S*hine *S*tandardize *S*ustain *S*afety

TIPO Model

*Trust*: Both parties trust each other *Information*: Both parties are willing to share information due to their trusting relationship *Power*: Since there is a trusting relationship, power is shared *Options*: Due to the exchange of information/trust, multiple options are generated/explored

Five Steps of Ethical Decision Making

1. *Interpret* the situation 2. *Analyze* the situation 3. *Identify* ethical traps 4. *Consider* possible courses of action 5. *Decide* the most ethical course of action

An effective vision must:

1. Be grounded in reality or organization's present situation 2. Should create some problems for the organization 3. Stakeholders (those with an investment in the organization) must be able to see themselves or their interests represented in the vision 4. Should invite and inspire people to want to achieve it

An effective mission statement must:

1. Give reasons for the organization to exist over the next three years and beyond. 2. Best describe the unified mission of the organization. 3. Indicate how unique /different the organization is from the other similar institutions.

_________ is responsibility with an audience. That audience includes our families and loved ones. Hold your people _________ and responsible not only for their duties/mission, but also for their families' needs.

Accountability; accountable

Media Engagement Does it tell the right story? Does the communication contain facts?

Accuracy

OODA Loop Which Step includes these substeps? 1. See Countermeasures Through 2. Confirm Results & Process 3. Standardize Successful Processes

Act

____________ is the ability to adjust oneself to changed, unexpected, or ambiguous situations by actively seeking information and by demonstrating openness and support of different and innovative change ideas.

Adaptability

The P.E.P. Cycle 1. Panic for a ____________ occurs because they don't have any ideas right away or in a timely manner. 2. Elation sets in when they are thinking, "I hear an idea that I like. I had a positive experience with a similar idea." 3. Panic returns as they listen to people poke holes in the ideas and raise objections to them because the ____________ liked an idea and was ready to move it forward as a viable option towards resolving the issue at hand.

Advancer

The ____________ role is a Spontaneous and Normative patterns.

Advancer

____________ need teammates who: 1. Provide objective skepticism 2. Enjoy lengthy and complex analysis 3. Are methodical

Advancers

____________ refers to people's expression of beauty and style, as well as people's methods of recreation.

Aesthetics and Recreation

This piece of the process is the strategy communication link for the organization and enables improvement at every level. It is an execution tool, not a strategic planning tool. ___________ is the translation of the vision into measurable results. It involves a clear set of strategic objectives and vision translated into day-to-day action and creates an environment for innovation by the process of gap analysis (where we are vs. where we want to be) and continuous improvement. SA&D ___________ is achieved through a cascading strategy from the top down.

Alignment

Key Financial Terms The system of dividing expenses and income, among the various branches and departments.

Allocation

Key Financial Terms A distribution by the Office of Management and Budget (OMB) of amounts available for obligation in appropriation or fund accounts of the executive branch. The distribution makes amounts available on the basis of time periods (usually quarterly), programs, activities, projects, objects, or combinations thereof. The apportionment system is intended to achieve an effective and orderly use of funds. The amounts so ____________ limit the obligations that may be incurred.

Apportionment

Five Part Transformation Process What step is where you ... examine current unit's culture/climate from various perspectives

Assessment

Professional Character includes:

Attitude Alignment with core values Alignment with AFI 36-2618

Types of Interviews A ___________ allows you to provide context to stories, ensure that a proper emphasis is placed on key aspects of the information provided, and stories are accurately reported. In this type of interview, any quotes you give will usually be attributed to a generic title.

Background Interview

Total Force Fitness Domains _________ is the relationship between one's behaviors and health.

Behavioral Fitness

Total Force Fitness domain that includes: Substance abuse Hygiene Risk mitigation

Behavioral Fitness

The best course of action the party can realistically take if resolution isn't reached in mediation.

Best Alternative to a Negotiated Agreement (BATNA)

Interview Techniques A technique used to move from the reporter's agenda to your message. Also, ___________ is a way to smoothly transition from the question asked to your message. A direct question deserves a direct answer; however, after briefly touching upon the answer, ___________ to your message and agenda. "The F-22 does cost a lot, but this aircraft delivers..."

Bridging

Key Financial Terms The ____________ is a process that improves the effective management of funds and allows for a thorough review and examination of requirements at the installation level and above.

Budget Execution Review

SMSgt Bernard has been tasked by Chief Brock to implement a new program that requires major changes in her organization. Since Brock knows Bernard isn't necessarily comfortable with change, he decides to mentor her. He begins by recommending Bernard take a look around the unit to identify any potential issues that might turn into problems during the transition. If so, she should create a few strategies to address them, just in case. Bernard interrupts by saying she might have a problem getting everyone on board with the change right away. Brock agrees, but says Bernard shouldn't dismiss those that seem resistant...they might see something she doesn't see. Finally, Brock ends by saying he knows the change will be challenging and time consuming, but she shouldn't let her personal life suffer as a result of her professional duties. Bernard agrees and says she feels better about leading the change effort. Chief Brock's comments BEST explain ________and its impact on SNCO effectiveness. a. adaptability b. resistance to change c. requirements for change

CORRECT ANSWER: *A* According to the Change Management chapter, Chief Brock's comments best explain adaptability. It includes cognitive flexibility (take a look around the unit to identify potential issues...create a few strategies to address them), emotional flexibility (Bernard shouldn't dismiss those that seem resistant...they might see something she doesn't see), and dispositional flexibility (She shouldn't let her personal life suffer as a result of her professional duties).

After attending a unit briefing on how a reduction in deployments will change each section's manning levels, MSgt White immediately goes over the details with his NCOICs. He explains, "I know this is a lot to take in at once. So, let's take a few days to think about it. That way, I can gather more information about how the reduction will impact your subordinates and programs. We'll meet again on Friday and put together a plan. I've already started to think about how I'm going to absorb the cut in our section overall, but we need to look at all programs that could be impacted by the reduction. If you need help between now and then, just let me know." Because MSgt White _____________, his actions will MOST likely ____________ mission effectiveness. a. understands how to minimize resistance; enhance b. misunderstands how to minimize resistance; hinder c. understands pressures for change; enhance d. misunderstands pressures for change; hinder

CORRECT ANSWER: *A* According to the Change Management chapter, MSgt White understands how to minimize resistance. He allows time for the change to sink in (" ...let's take a few days to think about it"), knows why the change is necessary ("...I can gather more information about how the reduction will impact..."), is the change he wants to see ("I've already started to think about how I'm going to absorb the cut..."), and offers to help those struggling with the change ("If you need help...just let me know"). White's actions will most likely enhance mission effectiveness.

MSgt Campbell's unit is preparing for an inspection. As a result, the duty hours have been increased to include Saturday and Sunday to ensure all checklists have been completed and all programs are ready. On Wednesday, one of MSgt Campbell's Airmen asks for Saturday off so she can attend a preplanned religious event. Even though MSgt Campbell has had to deny other requests for time off, he tells the Airman that she can attend her religious event, but, will have to report for duty a little earlier the next day. She agrees and goes back to work. MSgt Campbell's actions BEST illustrate _____________________________ and its impact on subordinate effectiveness. a. Leveraging Diversity b. The Five Part Transformation Process c. The Importance of Diversity

CORRECT ANSWER: *A* According to the Diversity chapter, leveraging diversity includes striking the right balance between the need of you people and the needs of the unit's culture/climate and mission. In the scenario, MSgt Campbell was able to meet the Airman's needs (attend her religious event) and the needs of the mission (come in to work early the next day). Since the Airman agrees and goes back to work, his was able to find the right balance.

Which ethical principle serves as a reminder to SNCOs that we must always put truth and honor first, followed by mission accomplishment and our Airmen? a. The Three Ps b. The Three Rs c. The Three Ds

CORRECT ANSWER: *A* According to the Ethical Leadership chapter, the Three Ps (Principle, Purpose, and People) serve as a reminder to SNCOs that we must always put Principle (truth-telling and honor) first; Purpose (mission accomplishment and duty) second; and People third. However, this does not offer the foundation for the other ethical principles.

MSgt Luis is the Air Force Life Cycle Management Center's Superintendent. Two of his section's programmers are in a dispute over which program is appropriate for a new cyber weapon system and MSgt Luis has noticed the timelines for the project continue to slip. MSgt Luis knows these programmers have attempted to come to a mutually satisfying decision many time but the attempts have never been productive. MSgt Luis believes they won't be able to work it out without help. He begins by discussing the issue with each programmer and others in the work center. After realizing he does not have the programming background to provide appropriate choices, MSgt Luis asks MSgt Wayne, an experienced programmer, to mediate the issue with the programmers. The programmers reach a solution quickly and are able to begin developing the cyber weapon system ahead of schedule. This scenario BEST illustrates how __________ impact(s) mission effectiveness. a. Mediation Preparation b. Stages of Mediation c. Dealing with Impasse

CORRECT ANSWER: *A* According to the Mediation Chapter, during preparation, you would gather information about the issue in controversy, assess if mediation is an appropriate tool to help the parties, and determine if mediation is a suitable tool to help with the dispute. In the scenario MSgt Luis correctly follows the preparation process and decides he is not the best mediator for the dispute and asks a subject matter expert to assist.

The organization superintendent, MSgt Samson, discusses an upgrade training issue with TSgt Standard who states, "SSgt Sims has not been tracking his Airman's training progression. It is his responsibility as their supervisor to document." Next, MSgt Samson calls SSgt Sims into the office and asks for his side. SSgt Sims says, "I have been really busy, I asked TSgt Standard to document the training and sent him an email with all the info." MSgt Samson's actions BEST illustrates _____. a. gathering information b. mediation appropriateness c. when to offer mediation

CORRECT ANSWER: *A* According to the Mediation chapter, the first step of the preparation process involves gathering sufficient information from the all parties. In the scenario, MSgt Samson is gathering information from the parties in preparation for a possible mediation.

Which of the following BEST identifies Professional Methods? Professional Methods... a. involve the actual application of professional knowledge and theory b. encompass a combination of emotional, moral, and intellectual qualities c. include both tangible and intangible measurements of performance

CORRECT ANSWER: *A* According to the Profession of Arms chapter, professional methods involve the actual application of professional knowledge and theory to any given situation.

CMSgt Tate calls MSgt Briggs into her office and notifies her that she has been tasked to depart for her third deployment. MSgt Briggs immediately thinks of her two children ages three and eight; obviously she will miss them deeply. Although her husband will take care of them in her absence she begins to wonder how much longer she can continue to deploy this way. Nonetheless, MSgt Briggs is aware of the importance of her leadership role and informs the Chief she will proudly answer her call to duty. MSgt Briggs actions BEST illustrate the core value of __________. a. Service Before Self b. Excellence in All We Do c. Integrity First

CORRECT ANSWER: *A* According to the Profession of Arms chapter, the Air Force Core Values of Service Before Self tells us that professional duties take precedence over personal desires.

SMSgt Tufford scheduled weekly meetings with team members to discuss progress on assigned tasks and to provide an opportunity to voice issues and concerns. He emailed status reports to stakeholders, and invited feedback by providing detailed questionnaires. By responding to the feedback received from the questionnaires and mitigating problems identified through team meetings, SMSgt Tufford was able to adjust project execution in real time. The end product exceeded customer needs and expectations. SMSgt Tufford's actions BEST illustrate a _____ plan. a. communications a. risk management b. human resource

CORRECT ANSWER: *A* According to the Project Management chapter, leading projects necessitates communication with all stakeholders involved. The SNCO encourages the free exchange of ideas, strives to understand others' points of view, seeks and incorporates feedback, and applies the insight to the project.

MSgt Alvis opened the first team meeting by asking everyone to brainstorm solutions...no idea was disregarded. With a comprehensive list developed, he guided the team through an evaluation of each solution by using the objectives of the project as criteria. As they looked at each solution, he reminded his team that the solution selected had to meet the needs of the sponsor and stakeholders, while improving the unit's current products and services. After thorough review and discussion, MSgt Alvis selected the most appropriate solution from which to define the goals and scope of the new project. MSgt Alvis' actions BEST illustrate his understanding of the project______ Stage and its impact on mission effectiveness. a. Initiation b. Monitoring and Controlling c. Execution

CORRECT ANSWER: *A* According to the Project Management chapter, the project leader will need to generate ideas for solutions, analyze the effect or impact of each solution, and select the appropriate solutions during the project initiation stage. The project leader will also commit to improve processes, products, services, and people.

MSgt Lime arrived at his new duty section about five weeks ago. He supervises five people. MSgt Lime was just tasked with a short-notice project that requires his section to come up with a solution. As he thinks about the task, MSgt Lime walks around to meet and talk to each subordinate. He asks each one what types of roles he or she likes performing; he actually gives a little insight into what he's after. Completing the walk around, MSgt Lime thinks about the Team Dynamics environment and decides to accomplish this task by incorporating the Team Dimensions Stages process. MSgt Lime's _____ will MOST likely _____ mission effectiveness. a. appropriate integration of Team Dynamics; enhance b. inappropriate integration of Team Dynamics; hinder c. effective use of his Creator team role preference; enhance d. ineffective use of his Creator team role preference; hinder

CORRECT ANSWER: *A* According to the Team Dynamics chapter, MSgt Lime's appropriate integration of Team Dynamics concepts and principles (new people, short-notice project, talk to his people for an indication of role preference, decide on stages to accomplish the mission) will MOST likely enhance mission effectiveness because he's taking the lead to guide his team through the stages of Team Dimensions and this should enhance subordinate effectiveness because he's developing people by creating environments for shared experiences, that allow open non-threatening feedback, which foster positive relationships, to expand individual strengths, that generate respect towards one another.

MSgt Webster is the team leader of a diverse group of people. Sometimes, as a result of their differences, it's hard for her to keep them focused and on task. She has an agenda, a checklist of deliverables, and timelines, but they still don't make any major progress. One day, during a meeting, she observed the interaction of her team. She noticed that two of her team members are from Georgia and no matter the topic, they always seem to side with each other. Three others like to come up with new solutions for the problem and get agitated with those that won't jump on their bandwagon. Finally, two Hispanic team members speak Spanish during the meetings, giving others the impression that they're gossiping about them. As a result of her observations, she decides to have a team meeting, discuss the ways they are all different, and ask each individual for one strength they possess that can help the team move forward. This scenario BEST identifies ________________________. a. multidimensional diversity b. one of the AF Priorities c. diversity as a military necessity

CORRECT ANSWER: *A* According to the diversity chapter, multidimensional diversity includes all the unique ways your people are different. In the scenario, MSgt Webster's members are diverse in the following ways: demographically (two people are from Georgia...two are Hispanic), cognitively/behaviorally (three people are Innovators).

MSgt Caskey is the Cost Center Manager for her organization. She is very knowledgeable about finance and ensures the organization has the funding required for operation. At a training session, MSgt Caskey said to her replacement MSgt Griggs "We have to submit a document of how we are going to spend the upcoming fiscal year funding. We should list and defend all needed items and services, and the cost. Then, we have to identify and validate items or services that can't be purchased with the current budget." The organization was able to execute a strong budget and have the unfunded request considered. This scenario BEST illustrates how understanding the __________ impacts mission effectiveness. a. Purpose of the Execution Plan b. Budget Execution Review Process c. Spend Plan

CORRECT ANSWER: *A* According to the execution plan main point, the execution plan is an Air Force product used to balance available funding while delivering goods and services to customers. A well-developed plan includes a prioritized list of known unfunded requirements with justification for each unfunded requirement and a spend plan that projects when and how funds will be spent throughout the fiscal year. The scenario depicts MSgt Caskey's understanding of importance of how a well-developed execution plan can impact mission success. By training MSgt Griggs and developing a solid plan, the organization was prepared to execute the budget and be postured for the unfunded request.

MSgt Davis developed a budget for his work center and was disappointed when he just barely missed his first quarter spending target. He was on track for the second quarter until mid-February when his superintendent informed him of several unexpected expenses this year due to a new mission. Despite being frustrated with a new mission and costs, he submits updated paperwork the second day of the third fiscal quarter. Because MSgt Davis _____, his submission will MOST likely _____ mission effectiveness. a. understands the Budget Cycle; enhance b. misunderstands the Budget Cycle; hinder c. understands the Budget Process; enhance d. misunderstands the Budget Process; hinder

CORRECT ANSWER: *A* Although MSgt Davis missed his spending target for the first quarter he maintained a positive attitude. After learning of several unexpected expenses associated with the new mission, he submitted the paperwork before the 2nd BER, which according to the financial management processes main point, "BER submissions are submitted in the 2nd and 3rd quarter". The most likely outcome is that he will receive funding for the new mission and enhances mission effectiveness.

SMSgt Cox explains to his Security Forces team, "Remember, as we go door-to-door, we may encounter many extended family members living in one space because their culture is different than ours. We need to remember this for our safety." Because SMSgt Cox _____, his comments will MOST likely _____ mission effectiveness. a. understands collectivism; enhance b. misunderstands collectivism; hinder c. understands individualism; enhance d. misunderstands individualism; hinder

CORRECT ANSWER: *A* Because SMSgt Cox understands collectivism, his comments will MOST likely enhance the mission. The most meaningful definition of family in collectivism is the extended family, consisting of blood relatives of multiple generations and on both parents' sides of the family and in-laws. It is evident that SMSgt Cox understands collectivism by his comments when he says, "Remember as we go door-to-door, we may encounter lots of extended family members in one small space because their culture is different than ours. We need to remember this for our safety."

MSgt Aiden has been tasked to provide leadership with a plan of how he plans to turn around the Vehicle Fleet section. He recalls how he was successful at this type of endeavor at his last assignment and begins by taking a hard look at what is currently occurring in the section. He has identified some areas where they are doing really well and a few areas for improvement. He also learns of a new mission that his section will begin to undertake and he sees that as a plus. One item of concern is the unit's inability to keep up its IT infrastructure which may present problems for them over the next year. With the information he's gathered he builds a strategy to present to leadership. Because MSgt Aiden _____________, his actions will MOST likely ____________ the mission. a. understands how to conduct a SWOT analysis; enhance b. misunderstands how to conduct a SWOT analysis; hinder c. understands how to develop a Mission Statement; enhance d. misunderstands how to develop a Mission Statement; hinder

CORRECT ANSWER: *A* MSgt Aiden understands how to conduct a SWOT analysis as evidenced by identifying things that they are really doing well (strengths) and a few areas for improvement (weaknesses). He also sees the chance to undertake a new mission as a plus (opportunity) for the section and views their inability to keep up with the IT infrastructure (threat) as an area of concern.

MSgt Jameson observes SSgt Duris performing an inspection on a newly assigned aircraft. The inspection checklist calls for removing and replacing a part after 90 days of use. Jameson approaches Duris and says, "I noticed you did not change that part even though you signed the checklist. True, the aircraft could fly a successful mission, but what if it crashes because of your actions...would you be embarrassed or humiliated? Also, would you be able to explain this to your family or friends?" Duris apologizes for the short-cut and replaces the part. The scenario BEST illustrates the __________ and its impact on mission effectiveness. a. use of at least one of Dr. Toner's tests b. the use of at least one of Dr. Toner's supporting principles c. the avoidance of an ethical trap

CORRECT ANSWER: *A* MSgt Jameson used two of Toner's six tests, which, according to the Ethical Leadership chapter, "consists of the best and worst outcomes of your decision." Jameson asks Duris if he could accept the best outcome (successful mission) or worst possible outcome (aircraft crashing). Jameson used The Shame Test (... would you be embarrassed, discredited, or humiliated) and The Community Test (... would you want your family, peers, neighbors, or friends to know.)

MSgt Thomas just conducted a briefing at her organization's commanders call. After receiving the approval from the Airman involved, MSgt Thomas discussed how a recent DUI had affected the unit. She described how the incident caused the Airman to be ineligible for deployment and caused unnecessary strain on the reduced manpower now having to deploy an alternate. The incident has also disrupted the attitudes of the unit personnel, and how they have been less productive due to the change. Lastly, MSgt Thomas discusses how the Airman risked his safety and the safety of others on the road while driving under the influence. MSgt Thomas' discussion BEST identifies ________________. a. Effects of Substance Misuse b. Education and Intervention c. Influence of SNCO Attitude

CORRECT ANSWER: *A* MSgt Thomas' discussion BEST identifies the effects of substance misuse. To begin MSgt Thomas discusses how the DUI effected the mission and readiness by the Airmen not being about to deploy and an alternate having to be tasked. Then, she discusses how morale in the element has degraded causing lowered productivity. Finally, MSgt Thomas discusses how the Airman's put their and others health and wellness in jeopardy.

During a Rapid Improvement Event, SMSgt Black calls TSgt Gilley into her office and says, "It seems like we're all disjointed here so let's generate a graphic which focuses on how everyone is arranged relative to the work and relative to each other. It'll probably show us that we need to rearrange some things." SMSgt Black's comments BEST identify ________________. a. Cell Design/Flow b. Visual Management c. Standard Work d. Value Stream Mapping

CORRECT ANSWER: *A* SMSgt Black's comments are about Cell Design/Flow, which according to the lesson is a visual representation which focuses on designing how workers are arranged relative to the work and to each other. SMSgt Black's comments, "...let's generate a graphic which focuses on how everyone is arranged relative to the work and relative to each other identifies Cell Design/Flow.

While on deployment, TSgt Johnson states, "It seems like our coalition partners are always late...why is that?" SMSgt Cruz responds, "Just be glad they show up at all...in this culture, it's OK to be late for a meeting...unlike it is in the Air Force. If you remember this and remind yourself to not be offended by it, we can meet our mission requirements despite the differences." SMSgt Cruz's comments BEST illustrate her understanding of _________ and its impact on mission effectiveness. a. chronemics b. haptics c. kinesics d. proxemics

CORRECT ANSWER: *A* SMSgt Cruz's comments BEST illustrate her understanding of chronemics and its impact on effectiveness. Chronemics is the study of how people perceive the use of time and how they structure it in their relationships. SMSgt Cruz's comments best illustrate her understanding of kinesics by her words, "just be glad they show up at all...in this culture, it's OK to be late for a meeting."

MSgt Manning is overseeing the standup of the customer service section in her unit. She begins by clarifying to the section members what they must do to take the section from where it is today to where it needs to be at this same time next year. She informs them of her intentions and defines how they will measure their success. In no time at all, she begins to see that everyone is focused on the outlined tasks, are maintaining positive attitudes, and the section is moving in the right direction. MSgt Manning actions BEST illustrate strategic planning techniques by using ______ concepts to impact SNCO effectiveness. a. goals b. balanced scorecard c. the customer perspective

CORRECT ANSWER: *A* SNCOs increase their effectiveness by establishing goals for the organizations they lead. Goals clarify what must be achieved to realize an end state and provide a measureable way of identifying if priorities have been met or exceeded. Goals identify objectives and inspire the "right" type of behavior required to achieve them. MSgt Manning clearly identified her goals to the section; therefore, her actions increased SNCO effectiveness.

SMSgt Casey says to his flight, "We've been under a lot of stress for the inspection and I've seen a lot of bickering during the last few weeks. Sometimes, when you're feeling stressed, you may tend to see only the negative. We need to do better. Let's make sure we answer questions with optimistic, helpful feedback." SMSgt Casey's comments BEST identify the ______________________ tenet of social fitness. a. communication b. connectedness c. social support

CORRECT ANSWER: *A* The communication tenet of social fitness is the exchange of thoughts, opinions, or information, including problem-solving and relationship management. It includes responding to others with positive, constructive feedback, even when you're feeling distress, and may tend to see only the negative. SMSgt Casey's comments indicate the communication tenet of social fitness when he says, "Let's make sure we answer questions with optimistic, helpful feedback."

SMSgt Tutor says to his flight, "I learned from the SNCO DL course we all have principles that form the framework for our approaches and how we see life in general. They're a reflection of what's important to us as individuals. These should guide us as we approach our next deployment." SMSgt Tutor's comments BEST identify ______________________ tenet of spiritual fitness. a. the core values b. perseverance c. perspective d. purpose

CORRECT ANSWER: *A* The core values tenet of spiritual fitness includes organizational values (core values) and also personal values that can help form the framework for our attitudes and how we see/approach life in general. They're a reflection of what's important to us as individuals. SMSgt Tutor's comments indicate the core values tenet of spiritual fitness when he says, "...we all have principles (values) that form the framework for our approaches (attitudes) and how we see life in general. They're a reflection of what's important to us as individuals."

The organization superintendent, MSgt Buckley, is updating the electronic file that manages his organization's spending. First, he reviews the document that was submitted last year. Next, he gets advice from his supervisor. Then, he talks to the section NCOICs to see what resources they require. Finally, he considers any mission variations. During the process he learns about multiple requirements that were not in the last document. MSgt Buckley's actions BEST illustrate __________ and its impact on SNCO effectiveness. a. Execution Plan b. Budget Execution Review c. Anti-Deficiency Act

CORRECT ANSWER: *A* The scenario BEST identifies the EP. MSgt Buckley is updating the organizations EP, which according to the EP main point "is a paper or electronic product used to identify mission critical funded requirements, unfunded requirements, and outlines how the current funds in your organization will be spent." MSgt Buckley completes all of the identified steps for gathering EP information and identified unfunded requirements that were not included in the past EPs.

MSgt Maple was getting impatient. Every time MSgt Black finished his thought, MSgt Maple remembered a previous project that was similar and he already considered an action plan. But this was MSgt Black's fourth idea - and the fourth action plan in less than two weeks. "You've had four great ideas, but I think number three was the best. I already have some ways worked out to help ensure a smooth process; so let's use that one and get on with it," MSgt Maple stated. "But I'm not sure it's right yet," said MSgt Black. MSgt Maple's nonverbals displayed his frustration with the situation. This Team Dynamics scenario BEST illustrates MSgt Maple's team role preference as a/an _______________. a. Advancer b. Refiner c. Flexer d. Executor

CORRECT ANSWER: *A* a. CORRECT. According to the Team Dynamics chapter, MSgt Maple is displaying characteristics of the Advancer role. Some of the characteristics include using past experiences and proven methods to advance ideas toward implementation (remembered a previous project and considered an action plan; state how number three was the best; already have some ways worked out for smooth process; let's use that one and get on with it).

MSgt Keele returned from the unit weekly staff meeting and briefed his people about a new procedure that impacts how EPRs are submitted to the commander. While most of his people just listened, a few begin to express frustration...they argued that it will take more time than the current process. Even though MSgt Keele tried to explain the rationale behind the change, his rationales were countered with statements that support why the change will fail. Since many of them have experience with the unit's current EPR approval process, they presented a new idea they think is better than the one MSgt Keele briefed. This scenario BEST illustrates _________ behavior towards the new procedure. a. Denial b. Bargaining c. Depression

CORRECT ANSWER: *B* According to the Change Management chapter, bargaining behavior includes attempting to put off the change or recommending alternatives to the change. In this scenario, MSgt Keele's people offer an alternative to the commander's new process they think will work better.

MSgt Merk was just briefed her unit is adopting a new process for routing helpdesk trouble tickets. She became upset since a great deal of effort was spent getting her new airmen proficient at using the current process. Immediately, she thought about developing plans to address the change, but decided to talk with her mentor, SMSgt Bellard first. He reminded her to be more optimistic about the change, especially when trying to get her people on board. She agreed but also added that she has to be realistic with them about how difficult the change will be. After her discussion with SMSgt Bellard, she decided to talk with her people to find out what concerns they may have about the new process before taking action. MSgt Merk's actions BEST illustrate the use of ______________Flexibility. a. Cognitive b. Emotional c. Dispositional

CORRECT ANSWER: *B* According to the Change Management chapter, emotional flexibility involves using your support systems (talking with her mentor, SMSgt Bellard), facing reality (being optimistic and realistic about change), and listening (finding out what concerns her people may have). Although MSgt Merk thought about developing plans to address the change (which might hint at cognitive flexibility), she decided to talk with her mentor instead.

A focused effort to understand and engage key audiences to create, strengthen, or preserve conditions favorable for the advancement of United States Government interests, policies, and objectives through the use of coordinated programs, plans, themes, messages, and products synchronized with the actions of all instruments of national power. The narrative BEST defines: a. Culture of Engagement b. Strategic Communication c. Airman's Role in Strategic Communication

CORRECT ANSWER: *B* According to the Culture of Engagement chapter Strategic Communication is a focused effort to understand and engage key audiences to create, strengthen, or preserve conditions favorable for the advancement of United States Government interests, policies, and objectives through the use of coordinated programs, plans, themes, messages, and products synchronized with the actions of all instruments of national power.

Although Air Force members must follow Air Force policies concerning social media, they have the option to comply with policies published by social media websites. a. True b. False

CORRECT ANSWER: *B* According to the Culture of Engagement chapter, Air Force members must follow Air Force policies concerning social media AND all policies published by social media websites.

"...provide accurate information about military activities and personnel, consistent with security guidelines that enhance public trust?" This statement BEST: a. Defines SAPP b. Describes the goal of media engagement c. Describes the purpose of strategic communication

CORRECT ANSWER: *B* According to the Culture of Engagement chapter, the goal of media engagement is to fulfill your obligation to provide truthful, timely, and accurate information about military activities and personnel, consistent with security guidelines, which enhances public trust and support for our Air Force.

In response to a diversity-related problem, SMSgt Porter provides a suggestion to the first sergeant that would require all Airmen in the unit to participate in a series of focus groups that stress the importance of collaboration and fairness. Additionally, he presents an implementation plan that includes a request for an assigned coordinator to oversee and organize the focus groups. He tells the first sergeant that, based on his research, he believes the focus groups can prevent further diversity-related issues in the future. A few months later on the unit climate assessment, the first sergeant noticed that unit morale had increased since the last assessment. This scenario BEST identifies the ____________________ step of the Five Part Transformation Process and its impact on subordinate effectiveness. a. Discovery b. Transformation c. Revitalization

CORRECT ANSWER: *B* According to the Diversity chapter, Transformation step of the Five Part Transformation Process includes developing a plan to address the root causes of barriers and implementing them. In the scenario, SMSgt Porter presents his solution to the first sergeant along with his implementation plan.

Major Erlbaum, Military Justice Officer in Charge, hands MSgt Franklin, Legal Office Superintendent, an Article 15 and says, "Although I've had this for a month, I was finally able to review it for legal sufficiency. Rather than jeopardize our reputation as having the best metrics in the command, it would be easier to enter last Friday's date into the Article 15 database. Franklin answers, "Sir, rather than implement your simple solution, let's discuss how to prevent this situation from happening again." MSgt Franklin's ___________ will MOST likely ________her effectiveness. a. concern for worry over image; hinder b. lack of concern for worry over image; enhance c. drive for success; hinder d. drive for success; enhance

CORRECT ANSWER: *B* According to the Ethical Leadership chapter, "Worry over Image is an ethical trap that entails making decisions based on how the decision will impact one's reputation/ standing among peers, subordinates, supervisors, community etc. rather than on military rules, regulations and codes of conduct." Because MSgt Franklin is not concerned about her image, her lack of concern will most likely enhance her effectiveness.

When diagnosing ethical dilemmas, SNCOs should ________________. a. diagnose only the dilemmas that are present b. consider the second & third order consequences c. reconcile dilemmas using the 5-Step Process

CORRECT ANSWER: *B* According to the Ethical Leadership chapter, as a leader you should always attempt to anticipate and consider the second and third order consequences when making decisions.

MSgt Crawford has been tasked to lead a small team on an upcoming deployment to Senegal. This will be his first time deployed to the region so in preparation he has been studying the cultural environment in an attempt to familiarize himself with the values, beliefs and norms. He is trying to better understand the common way of life of his local counterparts in effort to increase working relations while operating in the area. MSgt Crawford's actions BEST illustrate the ______________ dimension of the POA and its impact on mission effectiveness. a. Physical b. Intellectual c. Moral

CORRECT ANSWER: *B* According to the Profession of Arms chapter, the POA is intellectual because military professionals must be culturally aware; sensitive to differences and the implications those differences have on the operational environment. MSgt Crawford's attempt to familiarize himself with the local environment reflects the Intellectual Dimension of the POA.

A temporary activity with a single objective and a specified timeframe BEST identifies: ___________ a. project constraints b. project management c. program management

CORRECT ANSWER: *B* According to the Project Management chapter, project management is a temporary activity with a single objective that includes leading, coordinating, planning and controlling to achieve a single objective in a specified timeframe.

MSgt Flott wants a more secure way to store trailers loaded with munitions. He looks into the feasibility of constructing a new facility. After drafting a proposal of estimated costs, he discusses the project with his chain of command. MSgt Flott's __________ Stage of the Project Management Process will MOST likely ________ mission effectiveness. a. misuse of the Initiation; hinder b. use of the Initiation; enhance c. misuse of the Planning; hinder d. use of the Planning; enhance

CORRECT ANSWER: *B* According to the Project Management lesson, "in this stage, the idea for the project is explored and the feasibility of the project is examined." MSgt Flott sought the feasibility of the project by "...looking into the feasibility" and "...discusses the project with his chain of command." Because he appropriately used the Initiation Stage of Project Management, we can predict he will continue using the rest of the stages appropriately which will more than likely result in a "more secure way to store trailers loaded with munitions", and in turn, enhance mission effectiveness.

MSgt Aiden, NCOIC of the Human Resources section, received a briefing from the new commander. The commander provided her vision of where she sees the organization in the future. After meeting with the commander, MSgt Aiden scheduled a meeting with members of his team to inform them of the new direction the organization will take. During this session he solicits information from members to see what they think about the direction and how they feel the section can contribute in meeting these new goals. MSgt Aiden's actions BEST illustrate the use of ________________. a. Strategy b. The Cascading Process c. Vision Statement

CORRECT ANSWER: *B* According to the Strategic Planning lesson, the Cascading Process develops a strategic "line-of-sight" between commander's strategic priorities and Airmen's responsibilities & accountabilities.

MSgt Carob is sitting in the third team meeting to come up with a solution to a problem the commander tasked her and five other SNCOs to fix. She's a little nervous because she hasn't been able to contribute to the idea pool. When one of her teammates finishes an idea, MSgt Carob realizes that this one could work. She starts thinking of experiences she had with similar issues. MSgt Carob lets the team know that this idea sounds good and that it should be explored further. A couple of the other team members explain some valid reasons why this idea would require some significant modifications. This Team Dynamics scenario BEST identifies MSgt Carob's team role as a/an _______________ in the P.E.P. Cycle. a. Creator b. Advancer c. Refiner d. Executor

CORRECT ANSWER: *B* According to the Team Dynamics chapter, MSgt Carob is displaying characteristics of the Advancer role in the P.E.P. Cycle. Some of the characteristics include Panic at first (a little nervous because she hasn't contributed to the idea pool); Elation (she realizes an idea would work, starts thinking of previous experiences, and lets the team know she thinks this idea is good); then Panic (some team members explain some significant modifications are needed).

MSgt Spruce is in the fourth team meeting this week. The team has been trying to figure out how to improve pharmacy medication processing. The lines are long for patients to initiate the prescription and wait times are extreme to pick up the prescriptions. Everyone keeps asking MSgt Spruce for an input but he tells them to get a solid plan first. This Team Dynamics scenario BEST identifies MSgt Spruce's preferred team role as a/an _______________. a. Flexer b. Executor c. Refiner d. Advancer

CORRECT ANSWER: *B* According to the Team Dynamics chapter, MSgt Spruce is displaying the characteristics of the Executor role. Some of the characteristics include having little interest in group discussions until specifics are identified (Everyone keeps asking MSgt Spruce for an input; he tells them to get a solid plan first), detail oriented, and finish things and do things right.

SMSgt Tate just received word of deployment taskings that will reduce almost half of his available manning. Because of the deployment, he is forced to assign the rest of his flight to 12 hour shifts. He decides his best course of action is to submit an authorization change request to give him more positions on his unit manning document, hoping he can backfill the openings for the duration of the deployment. This scenario Best illustrates SMSgt Tate's _____of when to use the_________? a. Understanding, ACR b. Misunderstanding, ACR c. Understanding, UPMR d. Misunderstanding, UMD

CORRECT ANSWER: *B* An ACR is not authorized when the problem is created by a shortage of assigned personnel, poor or inadequate supervision, personality conflicts, or lack of workers' skills, self-imposed or peaking workloads, or inefficient procedures and/or ineffective or inefficient use of personnel. The question clearly states MSgt Swenson is trying to use the ACR just to backfill for the duration of the deployment which would fall under peaking workloads. Therefore MSgt Swenson misunderstands when it is appropriate to use the ACR.

While using the 8-Step Problem Solving Model during a Rapid Improvement Event, TSgt Williams says, "Now that we have the problem defined, the next step is to start implementing the solution." SMSgt Baldwin replies, "Not necessarily...the next thing we should do is gather data on the problem before we start taking any actions." Because SMSgt Baldwin __________, his comments will MOST likely _________ mission effectiveness. a. misunderstands Step 2 of the 8-Step Problem Solving Model; hinder b. understands Step 2 of the 8-Step Problem Solving Model; enhance c. misunderstands Step 5 of the 8-Step Problem Solving Model; hinder d. understands Step 5 of the 8-Step Problem Solving Model; enhance

CORRECT ANSWER: *B* Because SMSgt Baldwin understands Step 2 of the 8-Step Problem Solving Model, his comments will MOST likely enhance mission effectiveness. Step 2 is "Break Down the Problem/Identify Performance Gaps," which according to the lesson is about gathering data on the problem before taking any action to implement solutions. SMSgt Baldwin indicates that he understands Step 2 by his comment, "...the next thing we should do is gather data on the problem before we start taking any actions" and will MOST likely enhance mission effectiveness.

Col Nelson tells MSgt Welch, "I want you to handle the media." When a reporter asks Welch, "I hear a member of your team was killed." MSgt Welch replies, "Yes, unfortunately we lost an Airman. We ran into heavy fire; however, we still completed our mission." Because MSgt Welch_____, his actions will MOST likely _____ mission effectiveness. a. inappropriately engaged the media; hinder b. appropriately engaged the media; enhance c. failed to adhere to the Policy element of SAPP; hinder d. adhered to the Policy element of SAPP; enhance

CORRECT ANSWER: *B* MSgt Welch appropriately engaged the media by "staying in his lane" which, according to the Culture of Engagement lesson, "is discussing issues that you are directly responsible for including personal experiences."

SMSgt Browning is MSgt Green's supervisor. Last week, MSgt Green was charged with a DUI by the SFS when driving on base. MSgt Green now seemed very bleak and angry with himself. MSgt Green even offered his car to a new airman. Today the commander officially charged MSgt Green with an Article 15. After the meeting with the commander, MSgt Green turns to SMSgt Browning and says, "My career is done and I'm ready to end all this mess!" After hearing this, SMSgt Browning guides MSgt Green to the first sergeant's office then says, "First Sergeant, keep an eye on MSgt Green." After the first sergeant agrees, SMSgt Browning goes back into the commander's office and says, "Ma'am, I believe MSgt Green is contemplating suicide. We should get him into mental health right now." The commander agrees. SMSgt Browning ensures MSgt Green is not left alone before his appointment and then ensures the first sergeant is there to pick up MSgt Green after the appointment is over. SMSgt Browning's actions BEST illustrate the use of ________________. a. Why Suicide b. Programs and Policies c. Developing a Relationship of Trust

CORRECT ANSWER: *B* SMSgt Browning's actions are illustrating the programs and policies available to get MSgt Green the help he needs. SMSgt Browning notices the warning signs and initiates a hand-off of MSgt Green to the first sergeant, then begins the LPSP program by discussing his concerns with the commander and recommending a mental health evaluation. Finally, SMSgt Browning ensures the hand-off policy is used after the evaluation to safeguard MSgt Green.

While teaching a 3C lesson, SMSgt Johnson says, "I learned that people in certain cultures pay more attention to the message's framework and the spoken and nonverbal cues than people from other cultures." SMSgt Johnson's comments BEST identify a/an ________________ style/tendency. a. low context b. high context c. collectivism d. individualism

CORRECT ANSWER: *B* SMSgt Johnson's comments BEST identify a high context style/tendency. When listening to someone speak, people in relatively high context cultures pay more attention to the message's context and the verbal and nonverbal cues than people in relatively low context cultures. This is evident in SMSgt Johnson's comments when she says, "people in certain cultures pay more attention to the message's framework and the spoken and nonverbal cues than people from other cultures."

SMSgt Wilson calls SSgt Sanford into her office and says, "I noticed you and your team seem unsure about the new changes we've implemented." Sanford replies, "I know we have to execute the changes. I just think they increase the workload for my team rather than reducing it...I wish we still used the old process." Wilson says, "I understand you and your people aren't comfortable with the changes yet. Let's rally everyone at 07:30 tomorrow morning to discuss it...maybe we can break the implementation up into smaller tasks versus one huge task. Hopefully, that might make things a little easier for everyone". The next day after the morning meeting, Wilson notices Sanford and his team are more comfortable with the idea of the new process. SMSgt Wilson's actions BEST illustrate her understanding of ______ and its impact on subordinate effectiveness. a. Roger's Diffusion of Innovations b. Janssen's Model of Change c. Lewin's Phases of Change

CORRECT ANSWER: *B* SMSgt Wilson's actions best illustrate her understanding of the phases of Janssen's Model of Change...specifically the Confusion phase. According to the Change Management chapter, the Confusion phase includes indications that your people are starting to accept the change, but are a little scattered or unsure as to what to do next ("seem unsure about the new changes"). They may experience anger due to the loss of the 'old way of doing things' ("To me it creates more work rather than alleviating extra steps...I wish we still used the old process"). In the scenario, Wilson uses some general guidelines for navigating through the Confusion phase, such as get people together and share information ("Let's rally everyone at 0730 tomorrow morning to discuss it..."), and focus on short term goals ("...maybe we can break the implementation up into smaller tasks versus one huge task").

SMSgt Downing calls TSgt Wilson into her office and says, "Since you're going to be TSgt Carver's sponsor, don't forget the number of deployments he's had lately. This may have caused a lot of stress on him and his family if they haven't been prepared for the changes. Just keep it in mind as you help him out as the sponsor for this unit." SMSgt Downing's comments BEST identify the ______________________ tenet of mental fitness. a. awareness b. adaptability c. decision making d. positive thinking

CORRECT ANSWER: *B* The adaptability tenet of mental fitness is the ability to adapt to changes associated with military life, including flexible roles within the family. This is evident in SMSgt Downing's statement when he says "number of deployments he's had lately" (changes associated with military life), and "caused a lot of stress on him and his family if they haven't been prepared for the changes" (including flexible roles within the family).

SMSgt Bloom explains to his team, "We've all been under a lot of stress. Since we have some time before our next deployment, we should consider getting involved in activities that help us wind down between these difficult times." SMSgt Bloom's comments BEST identify the ______________________ tenet of physical fitness. a. endurance b. recovery c. strength

CORRECT ANSWER: *B* The recovery tenet of physical fitness includes the practices you engage in that help to restore energy to your body and counterbalance stress that could result in adverse moods and/or deteriorating performance. The recovery tenet is evident when SMSgt Bloom says, "We should consider getting involved in activities that help us wind down during these difficult times."

MSgt Smith is two classes shy of completing his Community College of the Air Force Degree. Uncertain about his future in the Air Force he decides to make completion a priority for the upcoming year. He also decides to seek out other opportunities that will help increase his management skills. Looking back he wishes he would have been motived to do so earlier in his career. MSgt Smith actions BEST illustrate ___________. a. Developing Others b. Self-Development c. Direction, Discipline and Recognition

CORRECT ANSWER: *B* b. CORRECT: According to the Profession of Arms chapter, self-development is the disciplined will to leverage learning opportunities that increase or improve your knowledge, skills and attitudes.

Which of the following examples BEST identifies the reasons why globalization is a pressure for change? Globalization causes: a. Organizations to try to maintain a competitive advantage by managing and deploying resources; workplace policies and procedures to change based how the organization conducts its activities; changes in leadership philosophies and management styles due to high personnel turnover. b. Changes in policies in programs due to demographic diversity; the requirement for new training programs based on varied religious beliefs and language differences; the development of friction and conflict between demographic groups. c. Increased competition for quality workforces; communication problems due to wider differences in workforce skills, attitudes, and needs; challenges in building cohesion and common purpose because of organizational differences.

CORRECT ANSWER: *C* According to the Change Management chapter, increased competition for quality workforces; communication problems due to wider differences in workforce skills, attitudes, and needs; challenges in building cohesion and common purpose because of organizational differences, are representative of pressure to change based on globalization.

When Airmen engage the media or interact with others via social media, they must be concerned about OPSEC issues such as developing a critical information list and conducting a vulnerability analysis. Which of the following is NOT one of their concerns? a. Threats and Threat assessments b. Risk Assessment c. Assigning security classifications

CORRECT ANSWER: *C* According to the Culture of Engagement chapter, assigning security classification MUST occur PRIOR to engaging the media or interacting on social media websites so Airmen do not release classified information.

Dr. Toner's _________________ Test answers the question, "Will the end justify the means?" a. Community b. Situation c. Consequences

CORRECT ANSWER: *C* According to the Ethical Leadership chapter, The Consequences Test answers the question, "Will the end justify the means?"

In order to help resolve a dispute between her section NCOICs, MSgt Packard calls them into the office. First, she explains why they are there and ensures they agree to resolve their difference. Next, she communicates why she is a good option to help and explains she does not have a stake in their issue. Then, she discusses guidelines for conduct during their discussion and asks if they can think of any guidelines they would like to implement. Finally, she explains the process they are going to use and thanks them for being willing to resolve the issue. This scenario BEST identifies the_____. a. Joint Discussion b. Parties' Opening Statements c. Mediator's Opening Statement

CORRECT ANSWER: *C* According to the Mediation chapter, in the mediator's opening statement, you will meet with both parties together for the first time. Begin the session with introductions followed by an opening statement. The purpose of the opening statement is to establish a structure for the mediation session, ensure the parties' understand the mediation process, and gain their commitment to it. In the scenario the mediator, MSgt Packard, gives an opening statement by explaining the reason for mediation, explaining her qualifications, establishing ground rules, explaining the mediation process, and congratulating the parties for being willing to attempt to settle their dispute.

During a break in mediation, SMSgt Lynn discusses a problem with MSgt Beasley. MSgt Beasley aggressively blats, "I'm so tired of MSgt Slater, he's always gone for Top III stuff and when he is here he only works Top III junk too!" SMSgt Lynn says, "If I understand what you are saying, you seem to be upset that MSgt Slater is not pulling his weight because he is always focused on Top III requirements." SMSgt Lynn's ______ will MOST likely _____ his effectiveness. a. understanding of the Reframing; enhance b. misunderstanding of the Reframing; hinder c. understanding of the Rephrasing; enhance d. misunderstanding of the Rephrasing; hinder

CORRECT ANSWER: *C* According to the Mediation chapter, rephrasing includes paraphrasing the speaker's comments to let him/her know that they were heard and understood by the listener. In the scenario SMSgt Lynn is rephrasing MSgt Beasley's comment prevent misunderstandings and to reassure Beasley that he is listening to what is being said. Because Lynn properly rephrases the comment he should enhance the communication and increase his effectiveness.

A1C Rico has really been working hard over the last quarter. In fact, he has come to work early to complete assignments which helped the unit mission success rate stay above average. A1C Rico's efforts haven't gone unnoticed. To keep him motivated and hoping to increase the initiative of other unit members, MSgt Smith submits A1C Rico for Airman of the Quarter. MSgt Smith's actions BEST illustrate his understanding of ________ and its impact on subordinate effectiveness. a. Self-Development b. Developing Others c. Direction, Discipline and Recognition

CORRECT ANSWER: *C* According to the Profession of Arms chapter, DDR is critical to your early development and helps maintain a high degree of professionalism throughout your career.

MSgt McCurly is overseeing the installation of an information technology infrastructure in his workcenter. He evaluated specific needs in terms of measureable goals, and considered how the infrastructure would benefit his workcenter's mission. He considered those who would use the infrastructure, as well as how the system should increase the efficiency of his people. He thought about the IT personnel who would eventually maintain it, and how the new infrastructure would affect their workload. Finally, he assessed the financial costs, and created a budget for the project. MSgt McCurly's actions BEST illustrate the project ______ Stage and its impact on mission effectiveness. a. Planning b. Monitoring and Controlling c. Initiation

CORRECT ANSWER: *C* According to the Project Management chapter, you should consider evaluating the needs/requirements in measurable goals, assessing the financial costs and benefits, analyzing stakeholders (including users and support personnel), and creating a budget. MSgt McCurly has done these things by considering the students, instructors, and IT personnel, and by assessing the benefits of increased efficiency.

MSgt Akoo was just informed by SMSgt Vanderbilt that he will be taking over the Dispatch Operations section. Over the past few months, they have been struggling to meet the service response times outlined by senior leadership. He asks the shift supervisors to gather data necessary to measure just how well they are at meeting their goals. Upon review of the information he begins to notice a trend. Since the installation of the new database in the dispatch section, most of the members are still struggling to input information correctly, resulting in them not being on time for aircrew pickups. MSgt Akoo decides to conduct an in-service-training session to get all members up to speed on the new database. MSgt Akoo's action BEST illustrate the use of the_________________ perspective. a. The Financial Perspective b. The Business Perspective c. The Learning & Growth Perspective

CORRECT ANSWER: *C* According to the Strategic Planning lesson, the Learning & Growth perspective includes employee training and corporate cultural attitudes related to both individual and corporate self-improvement. In a knowledge-worker organization, people are the main resource. In the current climate of rapid technological change, it is becoming necessary for knowledge workers to be in a continuous learning mode. MSgt Akoo conducted in-service-training to bring his people up to speed on the new database.

When MSgt Juniper is in a team environment, she normally gets along really well with people who want to ensure that an idea is the best it can be and prefers to help develop thorough plans that will work because she prefers to limit any modifications later. MSgt Juniper doesn't mind hearing a teammate that agrees with an idea and discusses how it's going to work. She has a hard time listening to those teammates who prefer to just throw ideas out on the table and she doesn't appreciate unclear plans. This Team Dynamics scenario BEST identifies MSgt Juniper's team role interaction as a/an ______________. a. Refiner b. Creator c. Executor d. Advancer

CORRECT ANSWER: *C* According to the Team Dynamics chapter, Executor interactions are BEST identified by MSgt Juniper's actions. Some of the characteristics include tolerating Advancer and working well with Refiners (get along with people who want the idea to be the best and help develop a thorough plan that will work); shying away from Creators because of ambiguous ideas (hard time listening to ideas being thrown out, don't appreciate unclear plans); tolerate Advancers because they use experiences to think through implementation (don't mind hearing someone agreeing with an idea and discussing how it's going to work).

MSgt Elm is getting ready to go into her first team meeting with three other SNCOs to discuss how to get her unit's DUI rate reduced. During the meeting, she offers several ideas and suggests one that's never been tried before. Over the next 20 minutes there's a stall in moving forward. MSgt Elm got tired of the silence, so she suggests an implementation action plan. Everyone agrees with her and asks her to brief it. This scenario BEST illustrates MSgt Elm's preference for the ________________ Team Dimension Pattern. a. Methodical b. Conceptual c. Spontaneous d. Normative

CORRECT ANSWER: *C* According to the Team Dynamics chapter, MSgt Elm is BEST illustrating her preference for the Spontaneous Pattern. Someone who prefers the Spontaneous Pattern thinks outside the box (offering several ideas, suggesting one that's never been tried before), focuses on many things at once (offering several ideas, suggesting one that's never been tried before, and suggesting an implementation plan), likes to have respect and influence (everyone agrees with her and asks her to brief it), and leads when team must move forward (tired of silence so MSgt Elm suggests an implementation plan).

Sitting at her desk, MSgt Birch recalls the day she met TSgt Blue, the newest member of her "A" flight team. It's EPR time so MSgt Birch is reviewing TSgt Blue's personnel file and notices that her decoration citation states that she initiated 15 new programs during her four-year tour at her previous assignment. MSgt Birch remembers TSgt Blue telling her that she's always considered herself to be at the forefront of change. "I love to think about how to improve things and get my thoughts out to others," she told MSgt Birch. Now, six months later, one of TSgt Blue's coworkers has come to MSgt Birch. He says, "MSgt Birch, the general perception is that every time TSgt Blue is a member of one of the problem-solving teams, she comes into the meetings and starts throwing out ways to fix the problem. As her teammates try to talk to her about her new ideas, she would start again in a new direction. Sometimes she would start working on a new project. This is causing problems with other flight members who expect her to finish what she starts." This Team Dynamics scenario BEST illustrates TSgt Blue's team role preference as a/an _____________________________. a. Refiner b. Executor c. Creator d. Advancer

CORRECT ANSWER: *C* According to the Team Dynamics chapter, TSgt Blue is displaying characteristics of the Creator role. Some of the characteristics include generating new ideas and living in a world of possibilities, in addition to, bringing excitement, spontaneity, and optimism; and moving from one subject to another (initiated 15 new programs at last base; love to think about how to improve things and get thoughts out to others; throws out ways to fix problems; talk to her about fixes, she starts a new direction; starts a new project).

The First Sergeant called her six SNCOs into her office and said there was a short suspense project that needed immediate attention. She said the six would be the team to make it happen. When the six met, all were able to come up with some workable ideas and wrote them down on butcher-block paper to keep. One of the ideas was selected as the best option. It was now lunch time. An agreement was made to approach some of the unit members and ask them what they thought about the idea and report their comments after lunch. After lunch, everyone heard the feedback, fixed a few problem areas, agreed on the idea, and started to formulate the plan for getting the new process implemented. Everything was written on the dry-erase boards so it could be transferred to a lessons-learned folder. The next day the team met and ensured a briefing was prepared. After hearing the briefing the First Sergeant thanked the team and the new process started. Based on this Team Dynamics scenario, the outcome of the implementation will MOST likely be _________________ because the team __________________. a. effective; was well balanced. b. ineffective; was not well balanced c. effective; included all of the Team Dimensions Stages d. ineffective; included some of the Team Dimensions Stages

CORRECT ANSWER: *C* According to the Team Dynamics chapter, the outcome of the implementation will MOST LIKELY be effective because all of the Team Dimensions Stages were followed: the Creation Stage; (everyone met and all six came up with ideas), the Advancing Stage (one idea was suggested as the best option; talk to a couple unit members for feedback), the Refining Stage (heard feedback, fixed problems, started plan), and the Executing Stage (get the plan implemented, briefing for First Sergeant, get it moving forward). Along the way documentation was being accomplished.

After reassignment as a Detachment Chief, SMSgt Mitchell tells his section chiefs, "Because of our new mission, we must be aware of timelines and milestones and be able to manage them well enough to be effective in the near-term and long-term as well. We must plan for the budget changes in the future. Remember, to be effective you must ensure quarterly spending targets are met and documents are submitted to the resource advisor on-time." SMSgt Mitchell's comments BEST illustrate _____ and its impact on SNCO effectiveness. a. Budget Process b. Funding Allocation c. Budget Cycle

CORRECT ANSWER: *C* According to the financial management processes main point, another way to look at the budget cycle is through timelines and milestones. The budget cycle offers concrete dates for determining, analyzing, and prioritizing budgeting actions and decisions. Along the same lines, each budget cycle includes several milestones such as quarterly spending targets, EP submissions, and end-of-year close out.

While using the 8-Step Problem Solving Model during a Rapid Improvement Event, TSgt Whittaker says, "Shouldn't we look at systematizing our new process? It might help other Air Force agencies to see what we've done." SMSgt Brown replies, "The next thing we should do is look at the new problem that surfaced before we publicize anything. We don't want to make ourselves look bad." Because SMSgt Brown __________, his comments will MOST likely _________ mission effectiveness. a. misunderstands Step 7 of the 8-Step Problem Solving Model; hinder b. understands Step 7 of the 8-Step Problem Solving Model; enhance c. misunderstands Step 8 of the 8-Step Problem Solving Model; hinder d. understands Step 8 of the 8-Step Problem Solving Model; enhance

CORRECT ANSWER: *C* Because SMSgt Brown misunderstands Step 8 of the 8-Step Problem Solving Model, his comments will MOST likely hinder mission effectiveness. Step 8 is "Standardize Successful Processes," which according to the lesson is about standardizing the improvements to ensure the results stick. Step 8, Standardize Successful Processes," is the most commonly skipped and under completed of the entire problem solving process. It is very tempting to take new found knowledge and skills and immediately move on to the next improvement initiative rather than standardize the process. This is exactly what SMSgt Brown does when he says, "The next thing we should do is look at the new problem that surfaced before we publicize anything."

TSgt Hester asks, "Why do the women here in Iraq dress like that? They all wear the same color...black! I'm so glad our culture isn't so restrictive." SMSgt Crews responds, "Their culture doesn't support a lot of freedom of expression. We shouldn't judge their culture just because it's not like ours in the U.S." Because SMSgt Crews _____ domain of culture, his comments will MOST likely _____ mission effectiveness. a. understands the Economics and Resources; enhance b. misunderstands the Economics and Resources; hinder c. understands the Aesthetics and Recreation; enhance d. misunderstands the Aesthetics and Recreation; hinder

CORRECT ANSWER: *C* Because SMSgt Crews understands the Aesthetics and Recreation domain of culture, his comments will MOST likely enhance the mission. Aesthetics and Recreation refers to people's expression of beauty and style, as well as people's methods of recreation. It is evident that SMSgt Crews understands the Aesthetics and Recreation domain of culture by his comments when he says, "Their culture does not support a lot of freedom of expression. We shouldn't frown upon someone else's culture just because it's not like ours in the U.S."

While in a deployed location in Afghanistan, TSgt Smiley asks, "Why don't you see any Afghani women in leadership roles here?" SMSgt Green says, "Remember, Afghanistan is a different culture and their views are different than ours...understanding the differences will help you accomplish your mission. Because SMSgt Green __________ domain of culture, his comments will MOST likely _________ mission effectiveness. a. understands the Family and Kinship; enhance b. misunderstands the Family and Kinship; hinder c. understands the Sex and Gender; enhance d. misunderstands the Sex and Gender; hinder

CORRECT ANSWER: *C* Because SMSgt Green understands the Sex and Gender domain of culture, his comments will MOST likely enhance the mission. Sex and Gender often influences or even fully determines their relationship to parts of every other cultural domain, such as their access to resources, their work, the kinds of social and political relations they can enter, and how they can worship. It is evident that SMSgt Green understands the Sex and Gender domain of culture by his comments when he responds to TSgt Smiley's comments about women in leadership roles by saying "Remember, Afghanistan is a different culture and their views are different than ours ...understanding the differences will help you accomplish your mission."

SMSgt Gomez explains to his team, "MSgt Leap was put in the superintendent position because he has a good grasp on acute thinking skills, self-awareness, and he's shown the ability to bounce back from diversity...that's what we need for this position." Because SMSgt Gomez __________ fitness, his actions will MOST likely _________ the mission. a. understands social; enhance b. misunderstands social; hinder c. understands mental; enhance d. misunderstands mental; hinder

CORRECT ANSWER: *C* By practicing skills such as critical thinking, self-awareness, and flexibility, you're more likely to strengthen your mental fitness...making it easier for you to adapt your thinking and emotions to deal with stressors in a way that helps you return to your normal state quicker. This is evident in Gomez's comments when he says, "he has a good grasp on acute thinking skills (critical thinking), self-awareness, and he's shown the ability to bounce back from diversity (flexibility)". His actions will most likely enhance the mission.

While developing an implementation plan to address a problem identified during his barrier analysis, MSgt Kirk decides that even though his unit is experiencing an increase in workload, he still needs a team of people to help him put his training idea into action. So, he asks for volunteers and, surprisingly, he receives a great deal of support from the Airmen and senior leadership. MSgt Kirk thinks to himself, "Once we all get together, I can assign tasks so everyone can get involved. This should get the ball rolling on my training idea quickly." MSgt Kirk's _______________ will MOST likely __________ his effectiveness. a. effective use of multidimensional diversity; enhance b. ineffective use of multidimensional diversity; hinder c. effective use of the Five Part Transformation Process; enhance d. ineffective use of the Five Part Transformation Process; hinder

CORRECT ANSWER: *C* In the scenario, MSgt Kirk effectively uses the Transformation step of the Five Part Transformation Process by developing a plan. Additionally, he increases his chances of success by developing a committee and by having the support of the unit's senior leadership. As a result, his actions will most likely enhance his effectiveness.

While working on a team project, TSgt Black asks, "It's amazing to me that our folks are able to overcome all of the stress associated with these deployments...I'd go crazy if I had to deploy that much." SMSgt Lopez replies, "You'd be surprised what you can handle. When you embrace our core values as intended, they can help you deal with the tension that might seem to be unbearable." SMSgt Lopez's comments BEST illustrate his understanding of _________ fitness and its impact on mission effectiveness. a. physical b. social c. spiritual

CORRECT ANSWER: *C* Organizational and personal core values are a part of spiritual fitness. They are useful when dealing with stressors (tension) that might appear to be insurmountable (unbearable). This is evident in Lopez's comments, "When you embrace our core values as intended, they can be help you deal with the tension that might seem to be unbearable."

During a continuous improvement team meeting, TSgt White says, "It seems we are asking why the problem occurred over and over again...just for the sake of asking the question! We'll never make any progress on the project if we don't stop to make an educated guess now." SMSgt Brown replies, "Sometimes it's better to ask the why's so you are focused on the real problem and not just the symptoms of the problem. We've seen way too often how our predecessors identified a symptom to the problem which hindered the mission." SMSgt Brown's comments BEST illustrate his understanding of _________ of the 8-Step Problem Solving Model and it's impact on mission effectiveness. a. Step 2 (Break Down the Problem/Identify Performance Gaps) b. Step 3 (Set Improvement Targets) c. Step 4 (Determine Root Causes) d. Step 5 (Develop Countermeasures)

CORRECT ANSWER: *C* SMSgt Brown's comments BEST illustrate his understanding of Step 4 (Determine Root Causes) which according to the lesson uses AFSO21 tools like the Five Whys to get to the root cause versus the symptoms to the problem. SMSgt Brown's comments best illustrate his understanding of Step 4 by his words, "Sometimes it's better to ask the why's so you are focused on the real problem and not just the symptoms of the problem."

TSgt Cox is about to deploy for the first time to a region she's not familiar with. SMSgt Wilson calls Cox into her office and says, "I'm sure you've been taught there are differences between our culture and others around the world. This knowledge can help you get acclimated. Normally, you'll get more specific information about the culture and the people you'll be interacting with the closer you get to your deployment date." SMSgt Wilson's comments BEST identify the ________________ component of the 3C model. a. knowledge b. motivation c. learning approaches

CORRECT ANSWER: *C* SMSgt Wilson's comments identify the two learning approaches included as a part of the 3C model. The culture-general approach focuses on an awareness of cultural differences (This is evident in SMSgt Wilson's comments when she says, "I'm sure you've been taught there are differences between our culture and others around the world. This knowledge can help you get acclimated." The culture-specific approach focuses on the specific details of a particular culture (This is evident in SMSgt Wilson's comments when she says, "Normally, you'll get more specific information about the culture and the people you'll be interacting with the closer you get to your deployment date."

MSgt Wilson is a vehicle operator assigned to small reserve unit at Eutaw Air Reserve Station. Most people don't even know her unit exists, let alone what mission they perform. To gain exposure and hopefully attract new recruits interested in joining her organization, she creates a Facebook page to help expand connections both on and off the installation. MSgt Wilson's actions Best illustrate the New Media concepts by using __________to impact mission effectiveness. a. Social Media Guidelines b. a blog c. Social Networking

CORRECT ANSWER: *C* Social networking is the practice of expanding the number of one's business and/or social contacts by making connections through individuals.

SMSgt Mullins calls TSgt Lynn into her office and says, "Being able to evaluate a condition, conclude the desired result, and create a route to get there takes work and good resolution. The ability to do so can enhance your mental fitness." SMSgt Mullin's comments BEST identify the ______________________ tenet of mental fitness. a. awareness b. adaptability c. decision making d. positive thinking

CORRECT ANSWER: *C* The decision making tenet of mental fitness involves the ability to assess a situation, determine the desired outcome, and chart a path to get there. It takes work and good judgment. This is evident in SMSgt Mullins' statement when he says "Being able to evaluate a condition (assess a situation), conclude the desired result (determine the desired outcome), and create a route (chart a path) to get there takes work and good resolution."

SMSgt Janson, the new flight superintendent, hears that a group of Asian American airmen has been complaining about the work center environment. They feel they're unfairly left out of unit mission planning activities because of their ethnicity. They believe the Caucasian airmen are always invited to participate. As a result, they have lost all faith in the organization and can't wait to PCS. After a few days of thinking, SMSgt Janson asks questions, uncovers the problem, and implements a monthly professional development and pizza lunch event to discuss a variety of issues, ideas, and concerns. At first, the Asian American airmen are skeptical, but after SMSgt Janson starts annotating their comments and concerns, many start to share their ideas. Six months later, the airmen feel more involved and flight morale is at an all-time high. This scenario BEST illustrates _________ and its impact on subordinate effectiveness. a. Striking the Right Balance b. Fostering an Inclusive Environment c. The Five Part Transformational Process

CORRECT ANSWER: *C* The scenario best illustrates the Five Part Transformation Process. According to the Diversity chapter the steps are: Discovery (asks questions), Assessment (uncovers problems), Exploration/Transformation (implements a professional development event). As a result of SMSgt Janson's use of this process, subordinate effectiveness is increased (airmen feel more involved...flight morale is at an all-time high).

During a feedback session with MSgt Gray, CMSgt Lovell says, "I don't know how you've done it, but since your arrival, I've noticed your flight members tend to have a sense of enthusiasm, common purpose, and confidence in the future of this organization." Gray responds, "I believe it is the collective actions, decisions, and behaviors of my flight members that are causing a more positive, more ethical climate throughout the organization." Lovell replies, "Well, whatever you think it is, keep it up." MSgt Gray's __________ will MOST likely __________his effectiveness a. failure to understand military ethics; hinder b. understanding of military ethics; enhance c. failure to understand tipping; hinder d. understanding of tipping; enhance

CORRECT ANSWER: *D* According to the Ethical Leadership chapter, Tipping is about moving the climate of an organization toward a positive/ethical climate. "The climate of an organization is determined by the collective actions, decisions, and behaviors of its members. As organizations move toward a more positive/ethical climate, a sense of enthusiasm, common purpose, and confidence in the future begins to accelerate the tipping effect. At this point, professional actions, decisions, and behaviors directed toward the achievement of organizational goals and objectives become the norm.

MSgt Gilbert is leading a SAPR small group session in his organization. During a group discussion SSgt Mcfate asks to be excused to go to the bathroom. MSgt Gilbert allows him to leave and continues the discussion with the group. After SSgt Mcfate returns the conversation transitions to supporting the victim after a sexual assault has occurred. SSgt Mcfate is visibly uncomfortable and asks to be excused from the session. MSgt Gilbert explains that the group session is mandatory and he will not get credit for attendance if he leaves. MSgt Gilbert's misunderstanding of _______ response will MOST likely _______ subordinate effectiveness. a. immediate; enhance b. immediate; hinder c. long-term; enhance d. long-term; hinder

CORRECT ANSWER: *D* MSgt Gilbert does not have a firm understanding of long-term response to sexual assault. Because he doesn't excuse SSgt Mcfate from the group discussion he will likely relive a past experience of sexual assault that will hinder his effectiveness. According to the individual involved in a sexual assault section, long-term response includes understanding how victims respond to past sexual assaults and the triggers that may cause them to "relive" that traumatic experience. Knowing and caring for your wingmen in the organization can ensure they are not suffering in silence when reliving a past experience of sexual assault.

MSgt Gordon is in charge of assigning the additional duties in her element. During a casual conversation with TSgt Sage, who is a section NCOIC within the element, MSgt Gordon mentions she needs to find a replacement Emergency Management Representative for the organization. After thinking about it TSgt Sage replies "I just gave up my additional duty, and I have never managed the Emergency Management program. That would look good on my next EPR." MSgt Gordon smiles and says, "If you take me out tonight and show me a good time, I'll recommend you for the position." MSgt Gordon's _________ will MOST likely ________________ her effectiveness. a. unlawful discrimination; enhance b. unlawful discrimination; hinder c. unlawful harassment; enhance d. unlawful harassment; hinder

CORRECT ANSWER: *D* MSgt Gordon's comment is a violation of unlawful harassment. MSgt Gordon is in a supervisory position and is offering an additional duty (condition of employment) for sexual favors. According to the EO systems section, Unlawful harassment includes unwelcome sexual advances, requests for sexual favors, or other verbal or physical conduct of a sexual nature particularly when submission to such conduct is made directly or indirectly as a term or condition of employment, and/or when submission to or rejection of such conduct is used as a basis for an employment decision affecting the person.

MSgt Nagle is the superintendent of a flight of 50 people. As a result of a newly published AFI, she has to implement changes to processes people have been doing for a long time. She knows she's going to face major resistance, so she decides to give a pre-brief to a few selected people instead of telling everyone in the flight all at once. She feels this smaller, well respected group, tends to adapt to change well and seems to have the ability to 'sell' change to more resistant individuals easier. Even though she knows some people will be upset because they didn't hear about the change early, she believes that by targeting and pre-briefing certain individuals first, she can minimize resistance and get the change implemented faster. MSgt Nagle's decision to target the ____________ will MOST likely _________ her change effort. a. innovators; hinder b. innovators; enhance c. early adopters; hinder d. early adopters; enhance

CORRECT ANSWER: *D* MSgt Nagle targets the early adopters. According to the Change Management chapter, they are usually your social and opinion leaders (well respected...have the ability to 'sell' change to more resistance individuals easier). To appeal to this group, you need to provide information about the change (she provides a pre-brief). As a result of her actions, she will most likely enhance her change effort.

SMSgt Edward, the 30th LRS Superintendent, is working with a contractor in late August. SMSgt Edward tells the contractor "We really need to get this vehicle yard enclosed. We have had two vehicles vandalized and civilians keep bringing their privately owned vehicles to the government wash rack! I know the plans you have will work. Go ahead and start the process and we will get the funding squared away in October when the job is done." SMSgt Edward's ______ will MOST likely _____ SNCO effectiveness. a. understanding of the Execution Plan; enhance b. misunderstanding of the Execution Plan; hinder c. understanding of the Anti-Deficiency Act; enhance d. misunderstanding of the Anti-Deficiency Act; hinder

CORRECT ANSWER: *D* SMSgt Edward's misunderstanding of the Anti-deficiency Act will MOST likely hinder SNCO effectiveness. Because SMSgt Edward does not know the law he is planning to obligate funds in access of an apportionment or reapportionment, which would be a direct violation of U.S.C. Title 31 § 1517. "It is prohibited to obligate unallocated funds to purchase items, equipment, supplies, services, and contracts to be used in the next FY."

SMSgt Gunther calls TSgt Hancock into her office and says, "From my Continuous Improvement lesson, I discovered lots of AFSO21 tools we can use. One of the tools that would work well for this project is a simple diagram of each step of the material/information flow. It would need to show each step from the time it is ordered to the time we deliver it." SMSgt Gunther's comments BEST identify ________________. a. Cell Design/Flow b. Visual Management c. Standard Work d. Value Stream Mapping

CORRECT ANSWER: *D* SMSgt Gunther's comments identify Value Stream Mapping which is a simple diagram of every step involved in the material and information flow needed to bring a product from order to delivery. SMSgt Gunther's comments, "a simple diagram of each step of the material/information flow. It would need to show each step from the time it is ordered to the time we deliver it" identifies Value Stream Mapping.

While in a deployed environment overseas, TSgt Wells sees two guys talking loudly and 'using their hands to talk'. TSgt Wells asks SMSgt Thomas, "Why do they have to do that?" SMSgt Thomas responds, "Remember we're not in the U.S. and using extravagant hand motions to get the point across might be perfectly acceptable to communicate in that manner here. If we remember this, we can be more effective in our communications." SMSgt Thomas' comments BEST illustrate her understanding of _________ and its impact on mission effectiveness. a. chronemics b. haptics c. proxemics d. kinesics

CORRECT ANSWER: *D* SMSgt Thomas' comments BEST illustrate her understanding of kinesics and its impact on effectiveness. Kinesics is the technical term for the study of movement and gesture, and it comes from the Greek word "motion" and includes gestures, body movements, facial expressions, and eye behavior. SMSgt Thomas' comments best illustrate her understanding of kinesics by her words, "Remember we're not in the U.S. and using extravagant hand motions to get the point across might be perfectly acceptable to communicate in that manner here. If we remember this, we can be more effective in our communications."

SSgt Blount, a heavy equipment trainer, will be separating from the Air Force in six months. He's very excited about getting out and starting a new career. MSgt Kersey calls SSgt Blount into his office and informs him that he'll continue to train the new arrivals until his separation date. Upset SSgt Blount says, "This is unfair and will take up too much of my time." Because SSgt Blount ___________, his actions will MOST likely __________ mission effectiveness. a. understands Professional Methods; enhance b. misunderstands Professional Methods; hinder c. understands Professional Standards; enhance d. misunderstands Professional Standards; hinder

CORRECT ANSWER: *D* SSgt Blount's comments, "This is unfair and will take up too much of my time" reflect a professional standard values conflict. According to the Profession of Arms chapter, a values conflict occurs when personal values conflict with those of the institution.

MSgt Smith is overseeing newly assigned members of his unit performing routine vehicle checks. Through observation, he notices that some of the members are not conducting the checks as required. Although his Airmen are working, MSgt Smith can tell they're not sure as to what they should be doing. He decides he needs to conduct on-the-job training to bring his members up to speed. Because MSgt Smith _____________, his actions will MOST likely ____________ mission effectiveness. a. understands DDR; enhance b. misunderstands DDR; hinder c. understands Professional Methods; enhance

CORRECT ANSWER: A MSgt Smith decision to conduct on-the-job training represents his understanding of DDR. Direction is critical to early development and helps you learn your job.

The 5 Cs By being good wingmen, we willfully exhibit integrity, empathy and respect in what we choose to do and say. Respect up and down the chain of command is necessary for mission success, and especially important in our marriages, family relationships and professional relationships with each other. This builds momentum and initiative to act for the good of the organization, community, and each other.

Care

The purpose of ___________ is to communicate, align, and validate HQ, NAF, Wing and intra-Wing strategies. This process develops a strategic "line-of-sight" between commander's strategic priorities and Airmen's responsibilities and accountabilities.

Cascading Process (Catchball)

This is an optional stage in the mediation process where the mediator holds a private meeting with each party in a dispute. This usually occurs when communication breaks down or sensitive issues arise that shouldn't be discussed in front of the other party.

Caucus

The 5 Cs _________ positive results and accomplishments show appreciation for those around us. A good leader communicates expectations and provides constructive feedback thus providing an environment for growth and development. Recognition for and celebration of a team's achievements enforces positive behaviors and encourages commitment to the organization, mission and each other.

Celebrate

____________ is a visual representation which focuses on designing how workers are arranged relative to the work and to each other.

Cell Design/Flow

Lewin's Phases of Change This phase includes the movement from the old way of doing business to the new way. It involves the actual modifications to technology, tasks, structures, or people.

Changing

Lewin's Phases of Change This phase involves: 1. Monitoring progress 2. Adjusting the plan as necessary

Changing

Nonverbal Communication ____________ is the study of how people perceive the use of *time* and how they structure it in their relationships. Your use of time sends a message without using a single word. Whether in an academic, business, or social environment, members of different cultures use and perceive time differently.

Chronemics

Persuading someone to do or not do something though force or threats.

Coercion

____________ involves incorporating different thinking strategies and mental frameworks into your planning, decision making, and day to day activities.

Cognitive Flexibility

Diversity Differences in styles of work, thinking, learning, and personality.

Cognitive/Behavioral Diversity

Read the following example and identify if it represents a *collectivistic* or *individualistic* tendency. 1. A young man gives up his dream of attending college in order to follow his father's request to take over as head chef at the family restaurant.

Collectivism

Read the following example and identify if it represents a *collectivistic* or *individualistic* tendency. 3. The leader of a group makes the entire group stay late until one group member finishes his work.

Collectivism

Read the following example and identify if it represents a *collectivistic* or *individualistic* tendency. 4. A young man agrees with his family's opinion on whom he should date simply because he doesn't want to upset his family.

Collectivism

Read the following example and identify if it represents a *collectivistic* or *individualistic* tendency. 5. A lawyer hesitates to raise her voice in anger because it would bring shame on her law firm.

Collectivism

____________ is the tendency to consider extended family affiliations and being a member of a larger group (ethnic, national, tribal, etc.) as very important throughout a person's life.

Collectivism

The 5 Cs In choosing to help others become their very best, lasting bonds are created. People who seek to do their part help unite everyone in a common mission, purpose or vision. By working collaboratively, we build stronger communities that promote self-sufficiency and enhance mission readiness, retention and adaptation to the Air Force way of life.

Commit

Factors that Support Transformation

Commitment by senior leadership Needs assessment and planning Assigned personnel Diversity committee Broad involvement Resources Training Changes in policy

The 5 Cs The way we express ourselves, either verbally or in writing, can have a profound effect on how our message is received and understood. Learning positive and proactive skills increase the chance of effectively connecting with others. Choosing the right method, good word choice, and being an attentive listener increase the likelihood that the intended message will achieve its desired objective.

Communicate

Examples of barriers you might encounter include the following:

Communication problems Opposition to change Negative attitudes/behaviors Unit policies that limit a certain group's activities Selective mentoring

Team Dimensions Patterns Those that prefer to come up with new ideas likely have a tendency towards the ____________. When presented with a problem or an opportunity, they're good at exploring and recognizing alternatives, discussing concepts, and visualizing the master plan or strategic plan while focusing on the future state.

Conceptual Pattern

The 5 Cs __________ with others is instinctual human behavior, but it doesn't happen by chance. It requires intentional effort from all parties in order for the connections to last. There is some skill needed to develop a relationship where all parties feel valued. Sometimes, before a true __________ occurs, you might have to engage repeatedly...at multiple forums and venues...before it becomes lasting. Eventually, trust forms and the community comes together, united for a purpose.

Connect

Key Financial Terms Budget authority resulting from legislation introduced as a joint resolution and enacted by the Congress to provide authority for federal agencies to continue operations until a specified date or until the regular appropriations are enacted. The ____________ usually specifies a maximum rate at which obligations may be incurred based on the rate of the prior year, the President's Budget Request, or an appropriation bill passed by either or both Houses of the Congress. Obligations under ____________ are usually controlled by apportionment. There is no standard pertaining to ____________ language. Each ____________ enacted must be carefully read for the specific provisions pertaining to the particular fiscal year being addressed.

Continuing Resolution Authority (CRA)

Key Financial Terms The organization that gathers and distributes cost data. An example of a cost center is your financial analysis or public affairs office.

Cost Center (CC)

Key Financial Terms They are the base or point of initial action in the building block process of operating budget developments. ____________ develop resource requirements and narrative justifications that determine the validity of operating budgets and Operational & Maintenance (O&M) execution plans.

Cost Center Managers (CCM)

The P.E.P. Cycle 1. Panic for a ____________ is a short-lived stage because they like to generate ideas and brainstorm. 2. Elation occurs when they get an idea. 3. Panic sets back in when they begin to think, "What if they don't like my idea?"

Creator

The ____________ role is a combination of the Conceptual and Spontaneous patterns.

Creator

____________ need teammates who: 1. Provide structure 2. Are practical 3. Attend to details 4. Are results-oriented 5. Follow through

Creators

The ability to quickly and accurately comprehend, then appropriately and effectively act across all cultural environments without necessarily having prior exposure to a particular group, region, or language.

Cross Cultural Competence

The tendency to understand people's beliefs and practices within the context of their culture, rather than from your own cultural point of view.

Cultural Relativism

Shared sets of traditions, belief systems, and behaviors that are shaped by factors such as history, politics, or resources.

Culture

____________ is an approach that emphasizes common aspects and domains of the culture concept, providing individuals with knowledge (concepts, theories, processes, etc.) and skills that offer broadly-applicable general principles and serve as a framework for culture-specific learning.

Culture-general

____________ is an approach that emphasizes specific aspects of particular cultures, affording individuals much of the knowledge and/or skills necessary to interact more competently with individuals of other cultural backgrounds.

Culture-specific

Total Force Fitness; CAF; 5 Cs; TFF Domains a. A holistic approach to developing overarching Airman fitness and resilience. b. Fitness categories designed keep service members resilient in an environment of sustained deployments and combat operations. c. Positive behaviors that are essential to developing a healthy sense of self and the ability to effectively interact with others. d. The state in which the individual, family, and organization can sustain optimal well-being and performance under all conditions.

D - Total Force Fitness A - Comprehensive Airman Fitness C - 5 Cs B - TFF Domains

OODA Loop Which Step includes this substep? 1. Develop Countermeasures

Decide

Waste Quality errors that cause defects invariably cost you far more than you expect.

Defect

Diversity Socially defined personal characteristics like age, race, ethnicity, religion, gender, and geographic origin.

Demographic Diversity

Common Barriers to Seeking Help

Denying the problem exists Avoiding the problem altogether Fear that accessing help will result in a negative career impact Fear that the chain of command will be contacted

Spiritual Fitness Term Where Someone (Is)... Loses a sense of life's meaning/ purpose Holds very little hope about life/future Freezes when faced with demanding situations Disregards some core values/beliefs

Depleted

Five Part Transformation Process What step is where you ... determine what the unit is currently doing to increase diversity awareness

Discovery

Five Part Transformation Process

Discovery Assessment Exploration Transformation Revitalization

Leaders who display ____________ operate from a place of optimism grounded in realism and openness. They can acknowledge a bad situation while simultaneously visualizing a better future, despite the difficulties and challenges, and see change as an opportunity rather than a threat.

Dispositional Flexibility

This is any process in which an alternative means is used to resolve an issue in controversy. A neutral party is appointed/asked and specified parties participate.

Dispute Resolution

____________ is an alternate view of diversity in which people learn to respect the differences between people while highlighting their similarities.

Diversimilarity

Diversity A composite of personal characteristics, experiences, and abilities.

Diversity

Read the following example and identify if it represents an Interview *Do* or *Don't*. Avoid "no comment".

Do

Read the following example and identify if it represents an Interview *Do* or *Don't*. Avoid repeating or using "color words" that may have a negative connotation. Words such as "massacre," "scandal," "deaths," "corruption," etc., induce overly strong, emotional reactions and may be counterproductive to your objectives.

Do

Read the following example and identify if it represents an Interview *Do* or *Don't*. Discuss only matters of which you have direct knowledge. Avoid hypothetical situations.

Do

Read the following example and identify if it represents an Interview *Do* or *Don't*. If you can't answer the question, give a reason why. There's nothing wrong with "I don't know" or "I can't answer that for security reasons."

Do

Read the following example and identify if it represents an Interview *Do* or *Don't*. It's a good idea to encapsulate the question into your response for a taped interview.

Do

Read the following example and identify if it represents an Interview *Do* or *Don't*. Make short, simple, and specific statements.

Do

Read the following example and identify if it represents an Interview *Do* or *Don't*. Respond to a question then stop. Don't feel you have to keep talking. Make the interviewer keep the interview going.

Do

Read the following example and identify if it represents an Interview *Do* or *Don't*. Take a second or two to think about your answers.

Do

Read the following example and identify if it represents an Interview *Do* or *Don't*. Talk from the perspective of the American public's interest, not from the viewpoint of the military's interest. Tell the audience how the nation benefits, not what he military stands to gain.

Do

Read the following example and identify if it represents an Interview *Do* or *Don't*. Use personal examples in your responses so those who read, view, or listen to the story can relate to you and those you represent as "real people."

Do

Read the following example and identify if it represents an Interview *Do* or *Don't*. When given a multiple-part question, answer the one segment that allows you to make a positive point. Ignore the others.

Do

Read the following example and identify if it represents an Interview *Do* or *Don't*. You aren't obligated to tell everything you know.

Do

Universal categories of human interaction, belief, behavior, and meaning/values.

Domains of Culture

Read the following example and identify if it represents an Interview *Do* or *Don't*. Pretend to be perfect.

Don't

Spiritual Fitness Term Where Someone (Is)... Feels like life has no meaning/purpose Holds no hope about life/future Gives up when faced with demanding situations Abandons all core values/beliefs

Drained

Ethical Traps ____________ occurs when decisions are made based on a "win at all cost" attitude rather than on military rules, regulations, and codes of conduct.

Drive For Success

Rogers' Five Categories of Adopters ____________ are usually your social and opinion leaders, unlike the innovators. They should be able to see the advantage in adopting the new ideas early on in the change process.

Early Adopters

Rogers' Five Categories of Adopters The ____________ provide an important link in the change process because they tend to represent mainstream thinking.

Early Majority

____________ pertain to the ways people allocate, produce, distribute, and consume goods and services.

Economics and Resources

The P.E.P. Cycle ____________ is a temporary feeling of high spirits, happiness, or satisfaction based on some positive situation.

Elation

Key Financial Terms These represent the final breakout in the budget structure. The number varies with the major command (MAJCOM), depending on the number of sub-elements required for local management. This part of the budget structure is quite similar to the Office of Management and Budget (OMB) object classification. Air Force EEICs and DOD elements of expense are in the Financial Management Data Dictionary.

Element of Expense Investment Codes (EEIC); Financial Focused

Your ability to effectively control outwardly visible emotional reactions is vital. A reaction can jeopardize your all-important neutrality and credibility. While venting should be embraced and not feared, you must end joint sessions if it appears that either or both parties are close to losing control of their actions. You should remain calm and maintain the quality of the proceedings and the safety of the participants.

Emotional Control

____________ is the ability to change how you deal with your own and others' emotions.

Emotional Flexibility

Organization Structure Organizations must be structured to accomplish wartime tasks without reorganizing.

Emphasis on Wartime Tasks

Total Force Fitness Domains _________ is the ability to perform mission-specific duties in any environment.

Environmental Fitness

Total Force Fitness domain that includes: Heat/Cold Altitude Noise Air quality

Environmental Fitness

____________ is acting responsibly in difficult and/or complex situations.

Ethical Behavior

____________ is for situations where one is forced to choose between two alternatives (both alternatives can be unfavorable and/or less right and more right or less wrong and more wrong).

Ethical Dilemma

____________ combines ethical decision-making and ethical behavior, and occurs in both an individual and organizational context. A major responsibility of a leader is to make ethical decisions and behave in ethical ways, and to see that the organization understands and practices its ethical codes.

Ethical Leadership

____________ is when the definition of right or wrong depends on the prevailing view of a particular individual, culture or historical period; therefore nothing is objectively 'right' or 'wrong'.

Ethical Relativism

A/n ____________ organization exemplifies professionalism, humility, self-control, personal discipline, and values.

Ethically Minded

____________ is the study of what we understand to be good and right behavior and of how we judge those behaviors. It's a set of standards of conduct that guide decisions and actions based on duties derived from core values.

Ethics

Individual Differences ____________ is based on a distinct culture or heritage/ancestry.

Ethnicity For example, someone might be racially 'White', but ethnically Spanish.

The human tendency to negatively judge other cultures (beliefs, values, etc.) by the values and assumptions of your own. This may cause you to see the other culture as inferior to your own.

Ethnocentrism

Type of mediation in which a subject matter expert describes the issue, offers opinions, and suggests options to resolve a dispute.

Evaluative Mediation

Waste ____________ costs you money, every piece of product tied up in raw material, work in progress or finished goods has a cost. *Stockpiles* of both in-process and finished goods inventories are a direct result of overproduction and waiting.

Excess Inventory

The P.E.P. Cycle 1. Panic for a ____________ occurs when they think, "Oh, there's going to be a change?" 2. ____________ comes about when they think, "I have the information I need and can implement the plan/idea." 3. Panic for an ____________ occurs again when they start believing that the plan/idea is flawed or won't work or encounters problems during implementation.

Executor

The ____________ role is a Methodical and Normative patterns.

Executor

____________ need teammates who: 1. Take risks 2. Are imaginative 3. Think conceptually 4. Focus on the ""big picture"" or strategic plan

Executors

Five Part Transformation Process What step is where you ... identify training/professional development activities that can address diversity issues

Exploration

Type of mediation in which an active third party volunteer enhances communication and encourages the parties to discuss matters freely.

Facilitative Mediation

____________ refers to the different ways people recognize relatives and the rights and status afforded to those relatives.

Family and Kinship

Key Financial Terms The senior advisory committee chaired by the Commander or Deputy Commander and includes group commander level members and the Comptroller (at installations), Directors, and special staffs (at commands). The ____________ approves budgets, financial plans, and revisions. The ____________ also distributes the annual funding, establishes priorities, and ensures consistency with programs and missions. ____________ approval represents the final, approved installation or command budget submitted to higher command and the final distribution of funds received from higher command. The chairperson calls ____________ meetings. The ____________ retains minutes for review by higher authority.

Financial Management Board (FMB)

Key Financial Terms Reviews program and cost factors, compares actual with prior year costs, reviews justifications, periodically evaluates performance against estimates, and submits a recommended financial plan to the FMB. The comptroller or the financial analysis officer chairs the ____________ and designates appropriate resource advisors and other members to comprise the ____________.

Financial Working Group (FWG)

Key Financial Terms October 1st through September 30th each year. Divided into quarters with specific actions within the budget process that take place within each quarter.

Fiscal Year (FY)

Spiritual Fitness Term Where Someone (Is)... Engaged in life's meaning/purpose Hopeful about life/future Determined to face demanding situations Anchored by core values/beliefs

Fit

Interview Techniques A technique used to emphasize your message. Use verbal clues such as tone of voice and non-verbal clues with hand gestures or facial expressions to emphasize a point. "If you remember ONE (holding up one finger) thing today, it should be..."

Flagging

The P.E.P. Cycle 1. Panic begins when the ____________ think to themselves, "We have nothing." 2. Elation happens when they get to play the role of dealmaker by filling the gaps on the team and providing team balance. 3. Panic sets back in when they begin to think, "What if they don't buy in to the plan/idea?"

Flexer

The ____________ role is a combination of three or more of the patterns (Conceptual/Spontaneous/Normative/Methodical).

Flexer

____________ is a term that describes the amount of time available to complete a given task beyond the amount of time originally allocated.

Float

Organization Structure Organizations have these characteristics: a clear-cut purpose, goal and scope, one individual in charge; parts that form a logical, separable activity; a close relationship among the parts, constituting a complete entity; and natural divisions of work that clearly define where responsibility begins and ends.

Functional Grouping

Individual Differences

Gender Age Physical attributes Racial category

Diversity Involves the intimate knowledge of, and experience with, foreign languages, cultures, coalition partners, and foreign nationals whom one interacts with.

Global Diversity

____________ is a process of interaction and integration among the people, companies, and governments of different nations. It is usually driven by international trade and investments, aided by information technology.

Globalization

According to the American Heritage College Dictionary 4th edition, a ____________ is an assemblage of persons or objects located or gathered together.

Group

Nonverbal Communication ____________ involves the functions, perceptions, and meanings of *touch*. From a cross cultural perspective, factors related to who touches whom, when, where, and how are all connected to your cultural upbringing.

Haptics

Nonverbal Communication

Haptics Proxemics Chronemics

Comprehensive Fitness Terms _________ is a state of complete physical, mental, social, and spiritual well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity.

Health

____________ refers to societies or groups where people have close connections over a long period of time. Many aspects of cultural behavior are not made clear because most members know what to do and what to think from years of interaction with each other.

High context culture

Suicide Prevention Warning Signs Threats of harming or killing oneself Seeking means, such as access to weapons or pills Talking or writing about death, dying, or suicide Giving away personal belongings

High-level warning signs of suicide

____________ pertains to a culture's study and acknowledgement of the past, both its own and others,' and includes history, scientific knowledge, first-hand experiences, testimonies by credible sources, as well as existing mythology. The practices, structures, beliefs, and values that relate to history and myth may also improve the group's understanding of its creation, origin, existence, predicted end, and the individual roles within the group.

History and Myth

The idea that all aspects of culture are interconnected and integrated where a change in one area may affect change in another area.

Holism

Interview Techniques Taking advantage of opportunities before the interview to get the reporter interested in what you want to talk about. The idea is to entice the interviewer into your agenda. Tell the interviewer what it is that's on your mind. You will be amazed at how receptive an interviewer will be to talking about what you wanted to talk about. "I know you are interested in talking about personnel moves, but that's only a small part of something much more important to your audience..."

Hooking

Stress Continuum Level Stress injuries that become stress illnesses

Ill Zone - Only diagnosed by health professionals (Red)

This occurs when the parties are deadlocked...no longer progressing toward an agreement in negotiation or mediation.

Impasse

____________ represents a culture that connects each Airman to the organization. It encourages collaboration, flexibility, and fairness. This culture leverages diversity throughout the organization so that all individuals are able to participate and contribute to their full potential.

Inclusion

Prevention and Treatment Programs: This is indicated for those who are engaging in destructive drinking but have not yet developed problems associated with their drinking. Individuals in this group can be identified through screening in primary care or other appropriate setting. The majority of these individuals are best served through motivational interviewing and brief advice. This focuses on those who are already in the early stages of alcohol and substance use.

Indicated Prevention

Read the following example and identify if it represents a *collectivistic* or *individualistic* tendency. 2. An individual takes the blame for losing a tool while working on a group project.

Individualism

Read the following example and identify if it represents a *collectivistic* or *individualistic* tendency. 6. Even though a teenager's mother needs her to help look after her younger siblings, she decides to go meet her friends instead.

Individualism

____________ is the tendency for the individual's needs to take precedence over the extended family's needs. Extended family ties play a less important role.

Individualism

Stress Continuum Level Stress injuries damaging the mind, body, or spirit

Injured Zone - Non-mission Ready (Orange)

Rogers' Five Categories of Adopters ____________ are those individuals in your organization that see potential and opportunity in almost any situation. This small population of your people is willing to adopt the change the fastest...maybe because they are likely to be more adventurous than the others, or maybe because they enjoy being on the 'cutting edge' of innovation. ____________ imagine the possibilities and will be eager to give the change a try.

Innovators

Waste This concept is seen as any failure to fully utilize the time and talents of people.

Intellect

Nonverbal Communication ____________ is the technical term for the study of movement and gesture.

Kinesics

Rogers' Five Categories of Adopters ____________ tend to be very traditional in their views. They might be the ones that say, "We've always done it this way...this way works...we don't need to change." ____________ may be less educated and/or uninformed about the change, which tends to make them more close-minded and afraid of moving to a new norm. They're content with what they have and may only adopt something new because they feel they have to. This group tends to be suspicious of change and sometimes even the change agent! They must be absolutely certain that a change won't fail before they get on board.

Laggards

Rogers' Five Categories of Adopters The ____________ is the other large part of your population. However, unlike the early majority, this group tends to be more skeptical of the change.

Late Majority

Organization Structure Unless mission requirements cannot otherwise be met, organizations must encourage rapid decision making and flat structures should exist without intermediate levels.

Lean Organizational Structures

____________ refers to the means and methods for learning and distributing (teaching) knowledge.

Learning and Knowledge

____________ is the leading and managing of inclusive [work environments] to maximize the talents of each person to achieve the vision and mission of the organization.

Leveraging Diversity

____________ refers to societies where people tend to have many connections but of shorter duration or for some specific reason. In these societies, cultural behavior and beliefs may need to be spelled out explicitly so that those coming into the cultural environment know how to behave.

Low context culture

Suicide Prevention Warning Signs Hopelessness Rage, anger, seeking revenge Acting reckless/engaging in highly destructive activities Increased alcohol or substance misuse Withdrawing from friends, family, and society Anxiety, agitation, insomnia, hypersomnia Dramatic changes in mood No perceived reason for living/sense of purpose

Low-level warning signs of suicide

Ethical Traps ____________ is defined as making decisions based on respect and/or loyalty to an individual, unit, or organization rather than on military rules, regulations, and codes of conduct.

Loyalty Syndrome

The most powerful or most widely practiced cultures (dominant values, beliefs, and behaviors) in a particular society.

Macro-culture

Cruel or violent treatment towards a person when viewed objectively under all the circumstances, is abusive or otherwise unnecessary for any unlawful purpose, that is done with the intent to discourage reporting of a criminal offense or otherwise discourage the due administration of justice, and that results in physical or mental harm or suffering, or reasonably could have caused physical or mental harm or suffering.

Maltreatment

When a negotiation breaks down or reaches a roadblock, ____________ is an option that attempts to meet the needs of all participants in order to help them get back to a point where they can reach an agreement or continue to negotiate. It's intended to be non-adversarial in nature, resulting in less stress for everyone involved. The ____________ process promotes understanding, builds confidence and trust, and enables parties to move forward while maintaining (or re-establishing) positive relationships.

Mediation

Total Force Fitness Domains _________ is the ability to meet established standards for medical readiness.

Medical & Dental Fitness

Total Force Fitness domain that includes: Access Immunizations Screening Prophylaxis Dental

Medical & Dental Fitness

An individual that facilitates communication, promotes understanding, focuses negotiating parties on their interests (rather than their positions), and seeks creative problem solving to enable the parties to reach their own agreement.

Meditator

Team Dimensions Patterns Those that prefer order and rationality likely have a tendency towards the ____________. They prefer to follow a step-by-step process, examining the details, and thinking things over carefully before acting. Focusing on what they can prove is true, they're good at putting things in order and like to see things fit together.

Methodical Pattern

A group of people living within a larger society who share values, beliefs, behaviors, etc. that is different from the rest of society.

Micro-culture

Channels of Communication It is a passive broadcast medium in the form of blogging. It differs from a traditional blog in that its content is typically much smaller, in both actual size and aggregate file size. An entry could consist of nothing but a short sentence fragment, or an image or embedded video. Some services offer features such as privacy settings, which allow users to control who can read them, or alternative ways of publishing entries besides the web-based interface. These may include text messaging, instant messaging, E-mail, or digital audio.

Microblogging

____________ are the values and expected rules of the profession that are appropriate to actions taken within the *military* environment.

Military Ethics

A ___________ is the "purpose" of the organization and the very reason it exists.

Mission Statement

____________ are values that we attribute to a system of beliefs that help us define right from wrong, good versus bad. Typically, they get their authority from something outside the individual; they come from a higher being or authority.

Morals

Waste This waste is related to ergonomics and is seen in all instances of bending, stretching, walking, lifting, and reaching. Unnecessary ____________s are those movements of man or machine which are not as small or as easy to achieve as possible.

Motion

Includes five negotiation strategies that can be used to win acceptance and ensure key relationships aren't destroyed.

Negotiation Preferences and Styles Chart (NPSC)

Waste This occurs when we use inappropriate techniques, oversize equipment, working with tolerances that are too tight, perform processes that are not required by the customer and so forth.

Nonstandard Over Processing

Team Dimensions Patterns Those that prefer freedom from constraint and enjoy "thinking outside of the box" likely have a tendency towards the ____________.

Normative Pattern

Total Force Fitness Domains _________ is the ability to recognize and select the requisite nutrition to sustain and optimize physical and cognitive performance and health.

Nutritional Fitness

Total Force Fitness domain that includes: Food quality Nutrition requirements Supplement use Food choices

Nutritional Fitness

Key Financial Terms A commitment of allocated funds to a specific contract, purchase, equipment item, et cetera.

Obligation

OODA Loop Which Step includes these substeps? 1. Clarify & Validate the Problem 2. Break Down the Problem 3. Identify Performance Gaps

Observe

Types of Interviews In an ___________, you should always clearly state which portion of the interview is "off-the-record" to ensure there is no chance of confusion. Be advised however, there is always a risk that the reporter will not honor your agreement. It is important for you to be prepared and understand these types of interviews because it decreases your chances of making a mistake or saying the wrong thing during the interview.

Off-the-Record Interview

Three Os Displaying proper ____________ by having moral structuring and ethical priorities.

Order You are ordered to follow the rules. To serve is to do one's duty, and our duties are most commonly expressed through rules. Duty is the obligation to perform what is required for the mission. While your responsibilities are determined by the law, the Department of Defense, and Air Force instructions, directives, and guidance, our sense of duty is a personal one and bound by the oath of service we took as individuals. Duty sometimes calls for sacrifice in ways no other profession has or will. Airmen who truly embody Service Before Self consistently choose to make necessary sacrifices to accomplish the mission, and in doing so, we honor those who have made the ultimate sacrifice.

____________ is generally considered to be an organization-wide change, as opposed to smaller changes such as adding a new person into the work environment. It includes leading/managing changes to organizational culture, unit level processes, environment, responsibilities, and policies/procedures.

Organizational Change

Factors that Inhibit Transformation

Organizational culture and inertia Lack of leadership involvement/support Organizational complexity Difficulty getting people involved Resistance Turnover Oppression model Burnout Success itself

Diversity Interaction between military service component, occupations, and career fields.

Organizational/Structural Diversity

OODA Loop Which Step includes these substeps? 1. Set Improvement Targets 2. Determine Root Causes

Orient

Exclusion or banishment from society or a specific group. This could also be thought of as shunning, where the group does not speak or include the ostracized person in as they would normally be included.

Ostracizing

Three Os Understanding what Airmen should do, or ____________ to do.

Ought You ought to exhibit loyalty, both professionally and personally. Loyalty is an internal commitment to the success and preservation of something bigger than us. Our loyalty is to the Nation first, the values and commitments of our Air Force second, and finally to the men and women with whom we serve. Loyalty to our leaders requires us to trust, follow, and execute their decisions, even when we disagree. We offer alternative solutions and innovative ideas most effectively through the chain of command. Ultimately, loyalty is demonstrated by helping each other act with honor.

Waste Waste of ____________ is making too much or too early. This is usually because of working with oversize batches, long lead times, poor supplier relations and a host of other reasons.

Overproduction

Three Os Knowing specifically who and what you ____________.

Owe You owe others respect...treating others with dignity and valuing them as individuals. You must always act knowing that all Airmen possess fundamental worth as human beings. You must treat others with the utmost dignity and respect, understanding that our diversity is a great source of strength.

The P.E.P. Cycle ____________ is a powerful emotion or feeling occurring spontaneously, caused by worry or anxiety about something that impedes a healthy state of mind or reduces reasonable thought, action, or behavior temporarily.

Panic

In Ting-Toomey's paper, Toward a Theory of Conflict and Culture, the author notes this skill influences the way you perceive and are perceived by others.

Paralanguage

The non-verbal features that accompany speech and contribute to communication but aren't considered part of the language system.

Paralanguage

Three Ps Fellow citizens, Airmen, Soldiers, etc.

People

Interview Techniques You are the expert! Use your personal authority and experience to establish your __________. "From my 17 years of experience...

Personal Credibility

Total Force Fitness Domains _________ is the ability to physically accomplish all aspects of the mission while remaining healthy and uninjured.

Physical Fitness

Total Force Fitness domain that includes: Strength Endurance Flexibility Mobility

Physical Fitness

Media Engagement Is everyone who is engaging the media adhering to Air Force policy? (dress and appearance, military bearing, ethical behavior, etc.)

Policy

____________ pertains to how people interact with each other and includes the cultural practices, structures, beliefs, and values related to societal organization and governance.

Political and Social Relations

The extent to which the less powerful members of a culture accept and expect that power is distributed unequally.

Power distance

Three Ps Truth telling and honor

Principle

____________ is the process of managing several related projects, often with the intention of improving organization's performance.

Program Management

____________ is the process of leading, coordinating, planning, and controlling a diverse and complex set of processes and people in pursuit of achieving project objectives.

Project Management

A ____________ is a tool that communicates what work needs to be performed, which resources (people) of the organization will perform the work and the timeframes in which that work needs to be performed.

Project Schedule

The ____________ is someone in your organization that's the 'owner' of the project, the person who arranges funding, and acts as the project's advocate. They normally represent the organization's interests; therefore he/she serves as the project manager's boss.

Project Sponsor

Media Engagement Is the communication appropriate to the purpose or circumstances of the media engagement based on established standards?

Propriety

Nonverbal Communication ____________ is the study of the communicative effects of *space or distance*. Because you have needs for both privacy (*distance*) and to be interdependent (*nearness*), one way you manage this tension is by defining and defending a territory. These distances vary across cultures, and can affect communication success if not properly observed.

Proxemics

Total Force Fitness Domains _________ is the ability to effectively cope with the unique mental stressors and challenges needed to ensure mission readiness.

Psychological Fitness

Total Force Fitness domain that includes: Coping Awareness Beliefs/Appraisals Decision making Engagement

Psychological Fitness

Three Ps Mission accomplishment and duty

Purpose

Professional Standards include:

Quality and quantity of work Ethical behavior Professional relationships Adherence to and promotion of core values Adherence to and promotion of AFI 36-2618

Individual Differences ____________ is generally based on physical characteristics.

Race The US Census Bureau recognizes seven broad racial categories: White, Black/African American, Asian, Native Hawaiian/other Pacific Islander, and American Indian/Alaska Native, Some Other Race, and Two or More Races.

____________...treat others the way THEY WOULD HAVE YOU treat them.

Rainbow Rule

Different aspects of paralanguage include:

Rate of speaking - faster or slower Intonation - rise/fall of voice for emphasis Pitch - high/lowness of the tone of voice

Stress Continuum Level Reacting to life's normal stressors

Reacting Zone - Temporary, Mild and Reversible (Yellow)

Stress Continuum Level Not stress-free, but using good coping skills

Ready Zone - Good to Go (Green)

Three Rs The result of recognizing the importance of the situation, circumstances, or realities

Reality

The P.E.P. Cycle 1. Panic for a ____________ occurs because they don't have any ideas right away or in a timely manner. The ____________ has to wait on the Advancer to bring the ideas forward. 2. Elation occurs when they has opportunities to clarify objections, poke new holes in ideas, and make ideas better. 3. Panic again sets in when they begins to think, "What if they can't handle the new requirements?"

Refiner

The ____________ role is a Conceptual and Methodical patterns.

Refiner

____________ need teammates who: 1. Generate enthusiasm 2. Like networking 3. Encourage communication 4. Enjoy selling an idea

Refiners

Preventing Sexual Assault: How to set an example with your own behavior

Refrain from sexist and gender-biased comments and actions Coach, redirect, and mentor when you hear or see this behavior in others If a situation seems dangerous to you, trust your intuition and intervene

Lewin's Phases of Change This phase involves the locking in of the new processes/procedures until they are a permanent part of daily operations.

Refreezing

Lewin's Phases of Change This phase involves: 1. Observing subordinates and evaluating the results of change 2. Ensuring new procedures are documented 3. Rewarding/recognizing individuals who have adapted 4. Reinforcing benefits of change with resistors

Refreezing

____________ refers to a culture's way of defining and relating to the sacred and supernatural.

Religion and Spirituality

Diversity Every Airman is free to practice the religion of their choice or subscribe to no religious belief at all.

Religious Diversity

The taking or threatening to take an unfavorable personnel action, or withholding or threatening to withhold a favorable personnel action, for making, preparing to make, or being perceived as making or preparing to make a protected communication.

Reprisal

Comprehensive Fitness Terms _________ is the ability to withstand, recover and/or grow in the face of stressors and changing demands.

Resilience

Key Financial Terms The ____________ monitor and assist in preparing estimated requirements for resources. They participate in the development of obligation and expense targets, and they monitor the use of resources in day-to-day operations. ____________ are designated as the key player in ensuring the budget is being executed. There are ____________ at both group and squadron levels.

Resource Advisors

Key Financial Terms The ____________ normally heads an organization that plans, organizes, directs, and coordinates activities of subordinate organizations and functions. ____________s are the principal level that manages financial resources. The ____________ directs work by subordinate functions (usually CCs) that, in turn, utilize resources to perform that work.

Responsibility Center Manager (RCM)

Three Rs The outcome or bottom line-consequences of following or not following those rules

Results

Five Part Transformation Process What step is where you ... institutionalize diversity efforts into unit culture/climate

Revitalization

Suicide Awareness and Prevention Include, but is not limited to, such factors as relationship difficulties, substance abuse, legal, financial, medical, mental health, and occupational problems, along with depression, social isolation, and previous suicide threats/ gestures which may increase the probability of self-harm.

Risk Factors

Three Rs Provide individuals ethical guidance

Rules

6-S LEAN WORKPLACE Identify and eliminate hazards; creating a safe working environment and decreasing workplace hazards.

Safety

____________ determines what must be done to produce the project's end result. Cost is the budgeted amount available for the project. Time refers to the amount of time available to complete a project.

Scope

Media Engagement Is the communication violating OPSEC? OPSEC's desired affect is to influence the adversary's behavior and actions by protecting friendly operations and activities.

Security

Prevention and Treatment Programs: This involves global screenings for alcohol misuse, as well as initiatives to prevent future alcohol misuse, prescription drug misuse, or drug use with individuals who are identified as high risk or are suspected of substance misuse. This includes screening, assessment, education, brief preventive counseling, and tailored feedback in specific individuals or groups identified as moderate to high risk.

Selective (Targeted) Prevention

_________ is broadly defined as the descriptions a person assigns to themselves. These descriptions (labels) can influence one's actual behavior, motivation to initiate/disrupt activities, and feelings about oneself. In other words, your beliefs about yourself can have an impact on your mental fitness.

Self-awareness

____________ pertains to ways different cultures acknowledge biological differences between men and women; the ways they assign roles, responsibilities, and status to masculine, feminine or other identities; and their beliefs and values that support gender differences.

Sex and Gender

6-S LEAN WORKPLACE Keep the workplace tidy, return each item to its proper place to encourage cleanliness and order.

Shine

_________ is the knowledge of what's going on around you...accurately interpreting and attending to appropriate cues in the environment. Being fully aware of the world around you and the people functioning in it is an important part of mental fitness.

Situational awareness

Organization Structure MAJCOMs sit on top of a ____________. MAJCOMs, wings and squadrons possess the full range of staff functions needed to perform required tasks. Numbered/named air forces (NAF), groups and flights have minimal to no staff. The chain of command and responsibility for mission accomplishment runs through commanders at all levels. Problems are solved by staff communication through the functional chain, bypassing echelons where the function is not found.

Skip-Echelon Structure

Total Force Fitness Domains _________ is the ability to engage in healthy social networks that promote overall well-being and optimal performance.

Social Fitness

Total Force Fitness domain that includes: Social support Task cohesion Social cohesion Family cohesion

Social Fitness

Henri Tajfel's ____________ proposes that the groups which people belong to are important sources of pride and self-esteem.

Social Identity Theory

Channels of Communication is the practice of expanding the number of one's business and/or social contacts by making connections through other individuals. While this has gone on almost as long as societies themselves have existed, the unparalleled potential of the Web to facilitate such connections is only now being fully recognized and exploited through Web-based groups established for that very purpose.

Social Networking

In order for diversity to thrive, you and your people should practice ____________. This term describes your ability to be receptive and responsive to the emotions, feelings, personality, temperaments, cultural differences and beliefs of the people around you. The more ____________ you have, the better you can understand the people you work with and each person's talents and strengths.

Social Sensitivity

6-S LEAN WORKPLACE Evaluate all tools and material in the work center and eliminate what is not needed.

Sort

Total Force Fitness Domains _________ is the ability to adhere to beliefs, principles, or values needed to persevere and prevail in accomplishing missions.

Spiritual Fitness

Total Force Fitness domain that includes: Service values Positive beliefs Meaning making Ethical leadership Accommodate diversity

Spiritual Fitness

Team Dimensions Patterns Those that prefer freedom from constraint and enjoy "thinking outside of the box" likely have a tendency towards the ____________.

Spontaneous Pattern

A ____________ is anybody directly or indirectly impacted by the project's product or outcome.

Stakeholder

These are outside parties who have a vested or personal interest in the initiation, processing, and resolution of an existing dispute. Commanders, first sergeants, supervisors, subordinates, neighbors, and family members are all potential ____________ of mediation.

Stakeholders

Organization Structure Organizations should be established at the lowest level required to successfully accomplish the primary mission.

Standard Levels

This is defined as the best known way to complete a task and ensures the same work will take the same amount of resources to achieve the same results every time.

Standard Work

6-S LEAN WORKPLACE Establish consistent work practices to eliminate uncertainty regarding specific job responsibilities.

Standardize

6-S LEAN WORKPLACE Arrange items to be accessible, visible and in a way that promotes efficient work flow.

Straighten

Traditional Management vs. SA&D 1. Two-way communication 2. Immediate self-correction 3. Collective skills-process oriented 4. Focus on problem solving - root cause 5. Used to improve and share information 6. Links to all levels

Strategic Alignment & Deployment (SA&D)

Per the Air Force Strategic Plan, ___________ is a term that describes the amount of time available to complete a given task beyond the amount of time originally allocated. is about choices ─ what we choose to prioritize, our action in support of our priorities, the order in which we take them, and how we allocate resources against our priorities to support the Nation's objectives.

Strategy

A ___________ is a plan to move an organization from their current state to a more desirable future state.

Strategy Map

Spiritual Fitness Term Where Someone (Is)... Neglects life's meaning/purpose Less hopeful about life/future Doubtful of ability to face demanding situations Strays temporarily from core values/beliefs

Stressed

Suicide Awareness and Prevention: Heightened individual and community awareness of suicide, suicide risk factors, and the fact that suicide is only the "tip of the iceberg" of psychosocial problems.

Suicide Awareness

Suicide Awareness and Prevention: A community-based approach that includes family, friends, and many different professional and social service providers, committed to reducing suicide by creating a safety net that provides protection and adds support for those in trouble by addressing the entire iceberg of afflictions to individuals, families, and their communities.

Suicide Prevention

6-S LEAN WORKPLACE Achieve a transformation in culture; a new way of working.

Sustain

____________ covers the ways humans feed themselves and treat their bodies.

Sustenance and Health

A ____________ emphasizes the interdependence and interactive nature of elements within and external to an organization [or, in this case, your project].

Systems Approach

According to the Barnes Center for Enlisted Education, a ____________ is a group comprised of two or more people, or groups of people, organized to work together, using cooperative and collaborative efforts, to successfully achieve a *common goal*.

Team

The working relationships, personalities, thoughts, actions, and behaviors that arise within a team that influence the synergy of the team members and the direction of a team's performance.

Team Dynamics

Professional Methods include:

Technical Knowledge Communication Leadership and Management skills

____________ refers to the material resources that cultures have access to or can procure.

Technology and Material

This perspective refers to internal business processes. Metrics based on this perspective allow the managers to know how well their business is running, and whether its products and services conform to customer requirements (the mission). These metrics have to be carefully designed by those who know these processes most intimately. With our unique missions, these are not something that can be developed by outside consultants.

The Business Process Perspective

Recent management philosophy has shown an increasing realization of the importance of customer focus and customer satisfaction in any business. These are leading indicators: if customers are not satisfied, they will eventually find other suppliers that will meet their needs. Poor performance from this perspective is a leading indicator of future decline, even if the current financial picture may look good. In developing metrics for satisfaction, customers should be analyzed in terms of the kinds of customers and the kinds of processes for which we are providing a product or service to those customer groups.

The Customer Perspective

Kaplan and Norton do not disregard the traditional need for financial data. Timely and accurate funding data will always be a priority, and managers will do whatever necessary to provide it. In fact, often there is more than enough handling and processing of financial data. But the point is that the current emphasis on finances alone leads to the "unbalanced" situation with regard to other perspectives. There is perhaps a need to include additional financial-related data, such as risk assessment and cost-benefit data, in this category.

The Financial Perspective

This perspective includes employee training and corporate cultural attitudes related to both individual and corporate self-improvement. In a knowledge-worker organization, people are the main resource. In the current climate of rapid technological change, it is becoming necessary for knowledge workers to be in a continuous learning mode. Metrics can be put into place to guide managers in focusing training funds where they can help the most. In any case, learning and growth constitute the essential foundation for success of any knowledge-worker organization. Kaplan and Norton emphasize that 'learning' is more than 'training'; it also includes things like mentors and tutors within the organization as well. That ease of communication among workers allows them to readily get help on a problem when it is needed.

The Learning & Growth Perspective

____________ is a process improvement technique focused on maximizing throughput by use of a "constraint-based" approach.

Theory of Constraints (TOC)

____________ refers to the practices, structures, beliefs, and values that people of a culture apply to the concept of time and the use of space.

Time and Space

Comprehensive Fitness Terms _________ is the state in which the individual, family, and organization can sustain optimal well-being and performance under all conditions.

Total Force Fitness

Traditional Management vs. SA&D 1. One-way communication 2. Management after the fact 3.Individual skill orientated 4. Fails to eliminate chronic problems 5. Used as an intimidation weapon 6. Lacks linkage

Traditional Management

Five Part Transformation Process What step is where you ... develop a plan to implement activities

Transformation

____________ is a leader behavior that focuses on dealing with people as individuals... considering their needs, abilities, and aspirations as you work together to further their development.

Transformational Leadership - Individualized Consideration

Waste ____________ is the movement of materials from one location to another, this is a waste as it adds zero value to the product. ____________ adds no value to the product, you as a business are paying people to move material from one location to another, a process that only costs you money and makes nothing for you.

Transport

Prevention and Treatment Programs: Provide evidence-based substance use disorder treatment for individuals who are abusing or are dependent on alcohol or drugs that follows the clinical practice guidelines. The primary aim should be restoring function, improving quality of life, and returning members to productive and unrestricted duty, or to assist them in their transition to civilian life, as appropriate.

Treatment and Continuing Care (Aftercare)

Lewin's Phases of Change This phase involves: 1. Creating a felt need for change 2. Dealing with possible resistance to the change

Unfreezing

Lewin's Phases of Change This phase is intended to motivate your subordinates and help get them ready for change.

Unfreezing

Lewin's Phases of Change

Unfreezing Changing Refreezing

Prevention and Treatment Programs: This includes population-based outreach, education, prevention programs, screening, and consultation. Community-based prevention and education efforts will be delivered by ADAPT staff through coordinated efforts with other community agencies. Clinic based services, screening and consultation will be delivered through the ADAPT program.

Universal (Primary) Prevention and Education

____________ is a simple diagram of every step involved in the material and information flow needed to bring a product from order to delivery. They can be drawn from different points in time as a way to raise consciousness of opportunities for improvement. It also helps to create understanding of the flow of materials and information, and the value that is created. These should take into account everyone in the process, i.e. both internal and external customers.

Value Stream Mapping (VSM)

____________ are the core beliefs we hold regarding what's right and fair in terms of our actions and our interactions with others; what individuals believe to be of worth and importance in their life.

Values

___________ is a statement of an ideal state of being or existence in the future that is inspiring and empowering. It creates a context for the process of planning a future for the organization.

Vision

____________ is a concept to organize a workplace such that one can visually separate normal from abnormal working conditions.

Visual Management

Waste This occurs whenever goods are not moving or being processed.

Waiting

Channels of Communication It is the term given to describe a second generation of the World Wide Web that is focused on the ability for people to collaborate and share information online. It basically refers to the transition from static HTML Web pages to a more dynamic Web that is more organized and is based on serving Web applications to users. Improved functionality of this includes open communication with an emphasis on Web-based communities of users, and more open sharing of information. Blogs, wikis, and Web services are all seen as components of this.

Web 2.0

Channels of Communication It is essentially a diary on a web site: usually maintained by an individual with regular entries of commentary intended for public viewing.

Web Log "Blog"

Comprehensive Fitness Terms _________ is the state of being happy, healthy, or prosperous.

Well-being

A ____________ is a deliverable-oriented hierarchical decomposition of the work to be executed by the project team.

Work Breakdown Structure (WBS)

The overall perspective from which one sees and interprets the world...a collection of beliefs about life and the universe held by an individual or a group.

Worldview

____________ is shaped by your experiences, culture, family, education, and/or beliefs and values...it can have an impact on how you approach life.

Worldview

____________ refers to a mental framework within which individuals and groups interpret the nature of reality, the nature and purpose of human life, and the laws governing human relationships.

Worldview

Ethical Traps ____________ entails making decisions based on how they'll impact your reputation or standing among peers, subordinates, supervisors, or community rather than on military rules, regulations, and codes of conduct.

Worry Over Image

The worse possible course of action that the party may face if resolution isn't reached in mediation.

Worst Alternative to a Negotiated Agreement (WATNA)

Membership in certain groups can also be ____________. These 'assignments' are sometimes based on the individual differences presented earlier...gender, age, race, and ethnicity. However, even though you might not have 'chosen' one of these groups, it's still possible to experience a sense of pride and belonging with the members of the group.

assigned to us by society

A ____________ is an investigation of anomalies found in workplace policies, procedures, and practices that limit or tend to limit employment opportunities for individuals based on any of the characteristics, experiences, and abilities found in the definition of Air Force diversity. It helps identify the root causes of those anomalies, and if appropriate, eliminates them.

barrier analysis

Sometimes our membership in identity groups are a result of ____________ (e.g., the military, religious/spiritual affiliation, political party membership, fraternity/sorority, etc.). According to Tajfel's Social Identity Theory, associating with certain groups can provide a source of pride and self-esteem to the individual.

personal choice

Three Ds Discern ____________. Declare ____________. Do ____________.

the truth; the truth; what you've discerned