Soc 1 Test #!

Karl Marx suggested that the force that drives human history and is at the core of human society is ________. A. Class Conflict B. religion C. Family D. Education

A. Class Conflict

Anthropologist Ralph Linton said, "The last thing a fish would ever notice would be water." What does this imply about culture? A. Culture is taken for granted by members of society who share it. B. there is only one acceptable method of doing any particular job C. Every culture establishes firm standards by which it functions D. Water is symbolic and has nothing to do with the statement.

A. Culture is taken for granted by members of society who share it.

Karl Marx believed that (Blank) was the central force for social change, while Max Weber believed that (Blank) was the force most responsible for social change A. Economics; religion B. education; political stability C. Government; Economics D. religion; education

A. Economics;religion

The first goal of each scientific discipline is to A. Explain why something happens B. Make generalizations about why things happen C. Look for patterns when things happen D. Predict what will happen in the future

A. Explain why something happens

Functionalists and conflict theorists tend to focus on the , or large scale patterns of society, in conducting their analyses. A. Macro Level B. Micro Level C. symbolic level D. interventionist level

A. Macro Level

Cindy is interested in how the movement of Maytag production plants and other industries from the Midwest to Mexico has changed the lives of thousands of unemployed workers and their communities. Cindy is conducting a ________ analysis. A. Macro-level B. Pure C. micro-level D. symbolic

A. Macro-level

According to C.W. Mills, the rate of unemployment during the great depression is best described as an example of A. Public Issue B. Personal Trouble C. Outlier D. Social Occurrence

A. Public Issue

The notion that only the fittest members of society deserve to survive and the social programs to help the poor will ultimately weaken the social order is a doctrine known as A. Social Darwinism B. Positivism C. Post-Modernism D. Social Welfare

A. Social Darwinism

The concept that describes opening a window into unfamiliar words that allows us to understand human behavior by placing it within its broader social context is called A. The sociological perspective (or imagination) B. Social Location C. Social integration D. The social imperative

A. The sociological perspective (or imagination)

At the Back to Nature Nudist Colony, Ernie and Morello take a walk every morning along the beach, totally nude. Within the colony, which statement best describes the behavior of Ernie and Morello? A. They are conforming to the folkways of their subculture B. they are violating a more of their society C. they are challenging a taboo of their counterculture D. They are showing a need for cultural relativism

A. They are conforming to the folkways of their subculture

The first African American to earn a doctorate from Harvard University, who spent his lifetime studying race and relations in America and was one of the founders of the NAACP, was A. W.E.B. Du Bois B. Booker T. Washington C. George Washington Carver D. Ernest Burgess

A. W.E.B. Du Bois

Of the following, which discipline is most appropriately classified as a natural science? A biology B. Economics C. Political Science D. Cultural Anthropology

A. biology

The language, beliefs, values, norms, and behaviors passed from one generation to the next by members of society describe A. culture B. tradition C. science D. experience

A. culture

When Harry returned from a business meeting in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam, his wife asked him what he thought of the Vietnamese people. Harry replied, "They're primitive people who eat animals from the streets, drive wildly around town on motor scooters, and talk very fast." Harry's reply best qualifies as an example of ________. A. ethnocentrism B. cultural diffusion C. the self-fulfilling prophecy D. the relativist fallacy

A. ethnocentrism

The scientific method requires , repeating a study in order to compare the new research results with the original findings. A. replication B. ethnography C. Triangulation D. correlation

A. replication

The titles Karl Marx used to describe the two classes in society were the and the A. Nobles/peasants B. Bourgeoisie; proletariat C. Upper class; lower class D. civilized; barbarians

B. Bourgeoisie; proletariat

All of the following statements are examples of countercultures, EXCEPT for which one? A. Bikers in an outlaw motorcycle club B. Chicago Cubs fans C. individuals advocating the legalization of prostitution D. gang members operating in the San Quentin prison

B. Chicago Cubs fans

The theorist who is sometimes referred to as "the second founder of sociology" was ________. A. Henri Saint Simon B. Herbert Spencer C. Emile Durkheim D. Karl Marx

B. Herbert Spencer

C. Wright Mills coined the term, "the sociological imagination" in order to explain how intersect A. Society and Economics B. History and Geography C. History and the world D. Self and person troubles

B. History and Geography

An important feature of the sociological perspective is that it stresses the impact of (Blank) in peoples lives A. Common Sense B. Social Context C. Psychological influences D. The Scientific Method

B. Social Context

The author's experience in Morocco, which included the absence of women from public positions, intense stares directed at him, pushing and shoving at the train station, and total disregard for sanitation by food vendors, left the author with a profound sense of A. Ethnocentrism B. cultural shock C. cultural relativity D. stereotyping

B. cultural shock

In 1906, sociologist William Summer made the comment, "One's own group is the center of everything, and all others are scaled and rated with reference to it." This statement is most aligned with the concept of A. Cultural relativism B. ethnocentrism C. the relativist fallacy D. the cultural universal

B. ethnocentrism

If Alice came to class wearing a soiled and torn blouse, she would be violating a ________. But if Alice came to class not wearing a blouse (or any other garment), she would be violating a ________. A. norm; folkway B. folkway; more C. more; law D. folkway; value

B. folkway; more

More than twenty years prior to the birth of Durkheim and Weber, Society in America, an analysis of American social customs, was published by sociologist ________. A) W. I. Thomas B) W. E. B. Du Bois C) Harriet Martineau D) Ernest Burgess

C) Harriet Martineau

The book published by W. E. B. Du Bois in 1899 that analyzed how African Americans in a major United States city coped with racism was ________. A) The Souls of Black Folk B) White Over Black C) The Philadelphia Negro D) The Crisis

C) The Philadelphia Negro

According to symbolic interactionists, the deciding factor that determines if a change in society is good or bad requires ________. A. An understanding of who may have benefited from the change. B. An understanding of who may have been victimized by the change. C. A framework or context from which to view the meaning of the change. D. A microanalytical focus of the extent and duration of the change.

C. A framework or context from which to view the meaning of the change.

During the career, Anthony has worked as a juvenile police officer, corrections counselor in a state prison, and executive director of an urban development program. In view of this, which description best describes Anthony's career path? A. Anthony has been a pure sociologist B. Anthony has assumed the role of being a basic sociologist C. Anthony has been an applied sociologist D. Anthony has been a social reformer

C. Anthony has been an applied sociologist

Dr. Zahn's academic interest is analyzing various aspects of society and publishing his findings in sociological journals. In view of this, Dr. Zahn is considered to be a(n) ________ sociologist. A. Applied B. Practical C. Basic (or pure) D. reform

C. Basic (or pure)

The refusal of Christians to accept Islam as a valid religion is a form of ________, while the sincere effort to understand the practice of having multiple wives in some societies is a form of ________. A. Public sociology; culture shock B. value contradiction; value cluster C. Ethnocentrism; Cultural relativism D. Culture shock; cultural diffusion

C. Ethnocentrism; Cultural relativism

Of the following influences, the one that C Wright Mills most attributed to sociologists explanation of individual behavior is A. Common Sense B. Instint C. External Infleunces D. Inherited Abilities

C. External Influences

Symbols can be strung together in an infinite number of ways for the purpose of communicating abstract thought. This is referred to as ________. A. technology B. Gesture C. Language D. Pattern

C. Language

According to Robert Merton, ________ are the intended beneficial consequences of people's actions. A. Latent Functions B. Manifest Dysfunctions C. Manifest functions D. Latent Dysfunctions

C. Manifest functions

Receiving the Medal of Honor and making the Dean's List are both examples of ________. A. value contracdicitons B. folkways C. Posititve sanctions D. value clusters

C. Positive sanctions

Sociologists are interested in A. biography B. Personal Troubles C. Public Issues D. Individuals

C. Public Issues

The Term, " " refers to the extent to which different studies come up with similar results A. Validity B. Replication C. Reliability D. Duplication

C. Reliability

Every December, many Jewish families celebrate Chanukah, the "festival of lights," during which special foods are served, rituals are practiced, and traditional activities take place that is unique to this faith. In this context, members of the Jewish faith would represent which concept? A. Folkway B. counterculture C. Subculture D. moral holiday place

C. Subculture

Without language, human culture would ________. A. live in the past and have no concept if the future B. focus more on plans and actions instead of talk C. be little more advanced than lower primates D. Have to become totally dependent upon memory

C. be little more advanced than lower primates

Which groups of social theorists would focus most on macro-level analysis when examining patterns of society? A. Symbolic interactionists and structural functionalists B. Symbolic interactionists and conflict theorists C. conflict theorists and structural functionalists D. Conflict theorists and symbolic interactionists

C. conflict theorists and structural functionalists

Jewelry, art, hairstyles, and clothing each represent examples of A. High culture B. non-material culture C. material culture D. low culture

C. material culture

What is the use of objective and systematic observation to test theories, one that is often employed by sociologists A. The commutation process B. common sense C. the scientific method D. research analysis

C. the scientific method

Functionalists refer to how parts of society fit together to form a whole as ________. A. A symbol B. A synthesis C. An integration D. A structure

D. A structure

According to sociologists, our development of self is A. an individual process B. a social product C. completed in isolation D. All of the Above

D. All of the Above

The first person to propose that the scientific method could be applied to the study of social life was A. Emile Durkheim B. Max Weber C. Karl Marx D. Auguste Comte

D. Auguste Comte

Sociologists emphasize the notion that our thinking and motivation are largely determined by: A. Our individual personalities B. Our Natural born instincts C. Our Biologically inherited genetic structure D. Influences drawn from our life experiences

D. Influences drawn from our life experiences

Because of her outstanding contributions to social reform, as demonstrated in her work as co-founder of Hull-House, ________ was a co-winner of the Nobel Peace Prize in 1931. A. Marion Talbot B. Charlotte Perkins Gilman C. Alice Paul D. Jane Addams

D. Jane Addams

College provides a haven for several million potential workers who are classified as "students" rather than "unemployed," which helps stabilize the job market. This situation represents what Merton would describe as a ________. A. Manifest function B. latent dysfunction C. manifest dysfunction D. Latent function

D. Latent function

Durkheim referred to patterns of behavior that characterize a social group as A. A social profile B. stereotyping C. social integration D. Social Facts

D. Social Facts

Sue is an expert in interpreting gestures, silence, the use of space, and expressions people make in their daily interactions. In view of this, how would Sue's expertise be defined? A. Sue is a social linguist B. Sue is an expert in multiculturalism C. Sue recognizes the importance of globalization D. Sue is an expert in nonverbal interactionists

D. Sue is an expert in nonverbal interventionists

Sociologists who analyze how social life depends on the ways that people define themselves and others are most likely ________. A. Ethnomethodologists B. functionalists C. Conflict theorists D. Symbolic interactionists

D. Symbolic interactionists

Sociologists use the concept of "norms" to describe ________. A. standards by which people define what is socially desirable B. expressions of disaprovel for violating socially acceptable behavior C. ideas about was is true or false D. expectations or rules of behavior that develop from values

D. expectations or rules of behavior that develop from values

Mark views society as a system of interrelated parts, while John views society as composed of groups competing for scarce resources. Mark would be considered a (Blank) and John would be seen as a (Blank) A. Symbolic interactionist; functionalist B. applied sociologist; functionalist C. Basic sociologist; applied sociologist D. functionalist; conflict theorist

D. functionalist;conflict theorist

As C.W Mills states, individuals "usually define their troubles they endure in terms of historical change" True or False?

False

Cultural expectations are the same cross-culturally. True or False?

False

Culture is uniform form place to place True or False?

False

The sociological imagination is unable to account for the ways in which the historical context influences the inner life of the individual. True or False?

False

Cultural expectations are taken for granted True or False?

True

Despite her acclaimed research on social life, until recently Harriet Martineau was best known for translating Comte's works on sociology into English. True or False?

True

Divorce may be viewed as personal trouble for the individual while being simultaneously classified as a public issue by sociologists examining rates of divorce True or False?

True

The sociological imagination recognizes and accounts for the larger social fabric in which the Individual exists True or False?

True

Values and norms vary historically True or False?

True