SOC 101 Final
What term did Karl Marx use to describe the face that most of the population accepts the pervading ideology even when it fails to tell the truth about their lives?
False consciousness
How did the information revolution change the nature of work and the economy from the industrial revolution?
Led to knowledge and service based jobs
What term did the sociologist George Ritzer use to describe the spread of rationalization and bureaucratic ways of operating into everyday life?
McDonalization
Almost all small electronics used in America are made in Asia is an illustration of
globalization
Erving Goffman theorized social life as a kind of con game, in which each individual works to control the impressions that others have of her. What did Goffman call this process?
impression management
Max Weber's pessimistic description of modern life, in which we are caught in bureaucratic structures that control our lives through rigid rules and rationalization:
iron cage
What does Karl Marx claim is true about class conflict?
All human history is the history of class struggle.
Aubrey's mother says to her: "I don't want you to hang around with Michelle. She's going to be a bad influence on you." Aubrey's mother may not know it, but she's subscribing to which theory?
Differential association theory
In general, what does the sociological perspective tell us about education in the United States?
Educational success often has as much to do with social stratification as it does with individual ability.
If an American tourist visited Spain and saw that all the businesses were closing at a particular time because of a siesta and they thought "these people are super lazy" what would they be operating under?
Ethnocentrism
What sort of group dynamic may have led officials at NASA to ignore warnings and launch the space shuttle challenger which exploded shortly after takeoff?
Group-think
Edward Brent, a professor of sociology at the University of Missouri, has invented a piece of software called Qualrus, which he uses to grade students' papers. He claims this saves him at least 200 hours of grading every year. Why is using a computer program to grade a particularly capitalist technique?
It encourages efficiency through technological innovation.
Survey research tends to produce quantitative data. One key advantage of this kind of data is that:
It is easy to transmit to the public.
What does Karl Marx believe is the natural human attitude toward work and productive activity?
It is human nature to seek out work.
Why would a company outsource or contract out labor they might otherwise employ their own staff to perform?
It's cheaper
"Most people have a strong need to believe that the world is orderly, predictable, and fair." This statement shows how _________ is appealing to most people.
Just-world hypothesis
According to critics of globalization, what disadvantages result from increased international trade?
Multinational corporations will increasingly shape the policies of governments.
Why do politics, education, and religion all appear in the same chapter of your text?
Political, religious, and educational concerns often overlap in everyday life.
Which of the following is one of the primary principles of capitalism?
Privatization of the means of production
What would multiple choice surveys like the census be in terms of data?
Quantitative
What is it called when nations compete to attract transnational corporations by undercutting their citizen's wages or offering tax incentives?
Race to the bottom.
Associated with the issues of women's equal access to employment and education
Second wave feminism
Consider the 4 major theoretical perspectives routinely explored throughout the text. Which theory explores the ways in which poverty serves a purpose in our society by providing jobs to people in the social service sector?
Structural functionalism
What school of social theory believes that society is a stable system of structures each of which contributes to the equilibrium of the whole?
Structural functionalism
What do sociologists call the idea that all individuals act like mirrors to one another and who is responsible for the theory?
The looking glass self; Cooley
What criticism do third-wave feminists commonly level against the first two waves of feminism?
They marginalized the concerns of women of color.
What does the sociologist Randall Collins argue is the true function of schools?
They reproduce the class structure, making sure that most people grow up to have a socioeconomic status similar to their parents
Kim Jong Il inherited control of North Korea from his father, Kim Il Sung. Both men ruled the country in absolute terms, to the extent that when North Koreans do manage to escape the country, which they are not legally allowed to leave, they are shocked to discover that the history they have been taught is full of distortions and lies. What type of government does North Korea have?
Totalitarian
Why are 527 committees much more important to political campaigns now than they were in the past?
Unlike candidates or political parties, there are no limits on how much money an individual can give to them.
What issue is first-wave feminism most strongly associated with?
Women's suffrage
What did C.Wright Mills mean by the term power elite?
a small group of people who occupy key positions in political, economic, and military institutions
According to the textbook, what do all religions have in common?
a system of beliefs and rituals that establish a relationship between the sacred and the profane
New innovations in farming like mechanized seed spreaders and new techniques of crop rotation are part of what marcro-level change?
agricultural revolution
While prejudice is a matter of ___, discrimination is a matter of ___.
attitude; action
If a researcher allows his own values and opinions to affect his analysis, he is guilty of:
bias
"Gender is a form of social inequality that allows men to have an economic advantage over women at work with better paying jobs and at home with free domestic labor provided by their wives"
conflict theory
Power and inequality at the micro level
conflict theory
What theory focuses on the struggle for power and control over scarce resources as they apply to race and life chances?
conflict theory
The taste, habits, expectations, skills, knowledge and other cultural assets that help us gain advantages in society are called:
cultural capital
During the American occupation of Japan following World War II, the Japanese observed soldiers playing baseball and later adopted it as one of their favorite pastimes. This is an example of:
cultural diffusion
Because of their economic strength, western media companies are powerful enough to impose their products on markets worldwide, a phenomenon known as:
cultural imperialism
When Patti Sue took her world tour, she had lunch at McDonald's in Tokyo, ate dinner at Hard Rock Cafe in Hong Kong, purchased clothes at Macy's in London, and was entertained at a Disney show featuring Mickey Mouse and Pluto in Paris. This homogenization of cultures around the world is called
cultural leveling
We call entrenched attitudes that can develop among the poor communities and lead the poor to accept their fate:
cultural poverty
Corporations whose decision-making, production, and distribution operations are spread all over the world are characteristic of:
deep integration
What Case Study does this perspective fall under? Students learn to cheat because they hang out with other students who plagiarize
differential association theory
What is the perspective for this approach to Deviance? Deviance is learned through interactions with others who break rules
differential association theory
Attending religious services is an example of
extrinsic religiosity
Idea that women are more likely than men to live in poverty is
feminization of poverty
Durkheim theorized that the rapidly changing conditions of modern life lead to anomie. What is anomie?
normlessness, or a loss of social connections
If you are talking about how education provides the young with skills they need later and life and how it transmits cultural values from one generation to the next what theory would you be operating from?
reproduction theory
What are the characteristics of a bureaucracy?
secondary groups designed to perform tasks efficiently, characterized by specialization, technical competence, hierarchy, written rules, impersonality, and formal written communications
What does Pierre Bourdieu call the tendency of social class to be passed down from one generation to the next and consequently remain relatively stable over time?
social reproduction
For most sociologists, they would consider gender to be
socially constructed
C. Wright Mills in addition to his power elite talked about the ability to see relationship between individual experiences and the larger society.
sociological imagination
The conflict perspective would most likely try to study an issue like prostitution by first understanding
the power struggle
"Differentiated gender for men and women provides a built in system for creating an efficient division of labor in society whereby people are differently socialized with the various roles needed by society"
structural functionalism
Interdependence and equilibrium at the macro level
structural functionalism
"Rather than being rooted in our biology, what it means to be a specific gender and how we present ourselves as that gender comes out of our communication with others"
symbolic interaction
Meaning shaped and social interaction at the micro level
symbolic interaction