SOC 101: Reading questions
What is the Thomas theorem?
"if people define situations as real, they are real in consequences"
CHAPTER 4: THE SELF & INTERACTION
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READING: The relatively short-lived enthusiasm for leg warmers during the 1980s was an example of
A FAD
In the workplace, aggressive men are often considered to be "go-getters," but aggressive women are often considered to be "bitches." This is an example of
A double standard
Who is most likely to be mocked by their peers for violating gender norms?
Boys
READING: Many have noticed that the US economy seems increasingly focused on producing and managing info, rather than on making things. What terms or concept could describe this shift?
Postmodernism
What explanation does functionalism have for prejudice and discrimination today?
Prejudice & discrimination help to increase group cohesion
_____ is a social theory about gender identity and sexuality that emphasizes the importance of difference and rejects as restrictive the idea of innate sexual identity.
Queer theory
According to sociologist Howard Winant and Michael Omi, what is the relationship between race and class?
Race is not a side effect of class; rather is permeates ever aspect of daily life
Which two categories of crime are girls (juveniles) and women (adults) more likely to be arrested than boys/men?
Running away and prostitution
After the Civil War, most southern states passed laws that barred Blacks and Whites from sharing most kinds of public facilities. This is an example of __.
Segregation
How do single fathers' incomes compare to those of single mothers?
Single fathers make considerably more money
CHAPTER 8: RACE How do the demographics (e.g. racial & ethnic make up) of CA challenge the way that the term " minority" has been used in the past?
Whites are now less than half the population of CA
The phrase "deadbeat dad" describes a man who isn't married to his children's mother and isn't supporting his children materially. Why do we almost never talk about "deadbeat moms"?
Women remain the primary caregiver even when fathers are no longer taking the instrumental role
What issue is first-wave feminism most strongly associated with?
Women's suffrage
CHAPTER 6: DEVIANCE What is the justification for harsh sentencing guidelines, like California's "three strikes' law?
deterrence of future crime
Why would a company outsource or contract out labor they might otherwise employ their own staff to preform?
it's cheaper
" A student who is caught plagiarizing may come to believe she is unable to write about cheating' this ex from the textbook explains plagiarism using __
labeling theory
How is the term" master status" defined?
status that seems to override all other statuses that an individual may possess
The poet Lucy Grealy had a series of operations as a child that eventually resulted in the removal of one-third of her jaws. As a result, she experienced ___
stigma
While the U.S. is a capitalist nation, it also has socialist elements." Is this an accurate statement?
yes
If a sociologist is studying the problems associated with resource depletion, which of the following facts might be she be interested in when she investigates the way that our society uses paper?
A. It requires more than 3 pound of tree pulp to make 1 pound of paper
What happens to a neighborhood during gentrification?
ALL AF THE ABOVE ; poorer residents are displaced, buildings are converted or remodeled, property values increase
READING: why don't the poor participate in social movements more often?
ALL OF THE ABOVE : The consequences of participation may be too high, they may have to work multiple jobs, leaving little or no time for activates
When does gender role socialization begin?
Before birth
When young people go away to college, its often the first time that they make friends with people of substantially different class statuses. Sometimes this leads to tension when the wealthier member of a friendship is obvious to his friend's class status & suggests activities that are beyond the friend's means. This tension results from a lack of
Class consciousness
What are the tastes, habits, and expectations that children "inherit" (or learn) from their parents that help to achieve material success in life called?
Cultural capital
According to Karl Marx, what social relations matter in a capitalist system?
Economic relations
Where did the Industrial Revolution begin?
England
What two roles did the structuralist Talcott Parsons identify within the family?
Expressive and instrumental
The deliberate and systematic extermination of a racial, ethnic, or national group is called __.
Genocide
READING: The process by which social structures and institutions become global rather than national is called
Globalization
how does the academic achievement of homeschooled students compare to that of public school students?
Homeschooled students perform significantly better, on average than public school students
Given that fertility rates in the US have dropped below the level needed to maintain the population level, why is the pop here growing??
Immigration
READING: what are the 4 stages of a social movement, in the order that each event occurs?
Incipient; coalscence; bureaucratization; decline
How is institutional discrimination different from individual discrimination?
Institutional discrimination is more systematic and widespread
When the children of working-class parents manage to attend college and get a job in a professional field, it is an example of ___.
Intergenerational mobility
A(n) ___ is a human being with some combination of female and male genitalia.
Intersexual person/hermaphrodite
How has Earth's population changed in the last 50 yrs?
It has more than tripled
What evidence suggests that America's educational system is in crisis?
Literacy rates are low, teachers are poorly paid, school infrastructure is in poor condition
How do men and women experience gender harassment differently in the military?
Men are more likely to be harassed by their drill sergeants, while women are more likely to be harassed by their fellow trainees
Which of the following is a form of stratification in which all positions are awarded on the basis of merit?
Meritocracy
The Welfare Reform Act of 1996 ended the concept of entitlements by requiring recipients of welfare to find work within 2 years of receiving assistance. How was has this changed the lives of the poor?
Moving from welfare to work did not substantially increase income levels, it simply shifted the poor from welfare to low-paying jobs
although the federal government plans to store nuc. waste under a mountain in Nevada, people who live in Nevada are trying their best to have it housed elsewhere, a classic example of
NIMBY
Mother Teresa was a person with tremendous power & prestige, yet she was very poor. Mother Teresa is an example of ___.
Status inconsistency
Which of the following countries is an example of a pluralistic culture in which people of French, Italian & German heritage live peacefully together in political and economic unity?
Switzerland
which political party made social justice, community-based economics, feminism, and diversity central to its platform?
THE GREEN PARTY
READING: Litter may not be the most pressing problem facing our society, but many people still wish that our streets and parks had less trash. However, it is difficult to convince people to clean these public areas, a problem that sociologists would call ...
THE PUBLIC GOODS DIELEMMA
READING: What is the uneven distribution of technology between different parts of a society or of the world called?
The digital divide
Which group argues that because of feminism, men suffer discrimination?
The men's rights movement
According to the class lecture and discussion, what is a problem with the poverty line definition?
The poverty line def. Does not account for regional differences (e.g. CA has a different standard of living than Alabama)
According to conflict theory, what is the real source of racism?
The struggle for power
"Welfare queen" is an insulting term for a woman who is believed to be cheating the government by collecting excessive welfare payments. Although empirical research indicates that very little welfare fraud actually takes place, what nugget of sociological truth is contained in the phrase "welfare queen"?
The use of the word "queen" reminds us that women are more likely than men to live in poverty
What sort of social mobility is possible in a caste system?
There is little or no chance of social mobility
Why are poor women less likely to marry?
They feel that the men they encounter are less likely to offer the advantages that make marriage worth the risk
According to the pro-feminist men's movement, why should men support feminism?
They should out of fairness to women; men's lives, as well as women's, are constrained by gender rules; the ideology of male superiority is a burden (ALL)
During the Great Depression in the 1930s, huge #s of dispossessed farmers left places like OKL, and moved to CA.
This is an example of internal migration
In the past most voters formed public opinions by listening to speeches meeting with reps of political parties or attending town hall mtgs. How to voters today learn about political issues?
Through human interest stories in the media
READING: According to mass society theory, why do people join social movements?
To fulfill a psychological need to belong to something
An accountant with a college degree & a license from the state accounting board works for the Dept. Of Defense as a senior auditor. He makes about $100,000 a year & will soon retire with benefits & a pension. This accountant belongs to the ___.
Upper middle class
Many workers at auto plants in Michigan have recently lost their jobs as plants close. For the vast majority of these workers, this has resulted in ___.
Vertical social mobility
READING: When someone listens to public radio, but never contributes during pledge drives, that person would be considered
a free rider
Young army recruits arriving at boot camp are about to enter
a total institution
Chapter 11: Work What is a sweatshop?
a workplace with poor working conditions, below standard wages, and long hours
READING: How did MoveOn.org recruit and organize members?
aggressive use of the internet
Which of the following is an example of an altered life circumstance that will require some degree of resocilaization?
all of the above (getting new job, starting a family, getting divorce)
How does an individual come to process an achieved status?
an achieved status is earned
If you decided that you could never get into a good school and so could never get a good job, you might decide to sell drugs a a way of making a living. According to Robert Merton, what sort of deviant would you be?
an innovator
Brady bunch- husband and wife had kids from previous marriages. Called ____-
blended family
Who are more likely to be negatively affected by parents' divorce?
boys
What are the benefits of telecommuting?
businesses get increased productivity and fewer sick days
If someone starts taking public transportation and riding a bike, she would be reducing, HER
carbon footprint
The parents of a deviant child often want to find some way to excuse their offspring's behavior, and its common to hear them say " he just fell in with a bad crowd." Which symbolic interactionists theory of deviance does this explanation most closely resemble?
differential association
18. Why do victims of domestic violence stay in relationships?
don't believe they can make it on their own, feel responsible, don't have resources to get away (ALL OF THE ABOVE)
Why was imprisonment such a rare type of punishment before the nineteenth century?
earlier societies did not have sufficient resources to operate prisons
What did Wal-Mart do when the butchers at the Supercenter in Jacksonville, Texas, voted to unionize?-
eliminated meat cutting in all of its Texas stores
CHAPTER 10: SOCIAL INSTITUTIONS Religiosity
extent of a person's commitment to religion
Which of the following is an advantage cited by supporters of school vouchers?
give more choices to parents in their children's education
What happens to marital satisfaction when kids are born?
goes down
What sort of pollution is responsible for global warming
greenhouse gases
According to Sigmund Freud, what are the parts of the mind?
id , ego, superego
What technological development is associated with the Information Revolution?
microchip
A heterosexual married couple living in the same household and raising their children is defined as
nuclear family
According to the text, what does it mean to be "disenfranchised?
person is stripped of voting rights, either temporarily or permanently
Increasing number of Americans who move out of state to attend college will decrease importance of __ when looking for bf/gf
propinquity
READING: The Promise Keepers are a Christian men's organization that seeks to train men to be better husbands and fathers while working to preserve traditional family values, in which the man is the head of the household and makes decisions for his wife and family. in this way the promise keepers are
regressive
Chris speilman was forced to choose between staying with this sick wife and playing prof football. What sort of sociological phenomenon was he expressing?
role conflict
A society that separates Church & State is a
secular society
The theory of pluralism suggests that in a democracy, power is held in a variety of hands; each group is assumed to have equal access to power and thus serve as a system of checks and balances." This statement best represents
structural functionalist perspective
Which of the following is a critism of the no child left behind act passed by congress in 2002?
teachers. umder pressure to raise test scores may stop doing everythng "but teaching to the test"
How does chapter 4 the self and interaction define the "self"?
the experience of a personal identity, distinct from other
If a bride is upset on her wedding day bc her family members don't' seem excited enough for her, sociologist might argue that family members are violation ___
the feeling rule
CHAPTER 12: LIFE AT HOME What historical change led to the devaluation of women's work in the home?
the industrial revolution
According to C. Wright Mills, who rules America?
the power elite
What would a symbolic interactionism studying the family be most interested in?
the way that gift giving within extended family makes some bonds more important than others
In 2005, teaching assistants at U of Oregon went on strike. What feature of their job make it easier for them to strike than most American workers?-
their jobs can't be moved overseas
Why did Karl Marx believe that workers in a capitalist nation experience alienation?
they are paid for their labor but do not own the things they produce
What happened to the pseudo patients in David Rosenhan's "on being sane is an insane place?"
they were all finally released, but the diagnoses were that their 'illnesses" were in "in remission"
Who led campaigns to end child labor and increase workplace safety?
unions
Which of the following will shape a person's political ideology?
where a person lives, age, sex