Soc 101 Test 1
Which statement illustrates low status consistency? A celebrity actress owns homes in three countries. A single mother receives food stamps and struggles to find adequate employment. A suburban family lives in a modest ranch home and enjoys a nice vacation each summer. A college dropout launches an online company that earns millions in its first year.
A college dropout launches an online company that earns millions in its first year.
Which statement represents stratification from the perspective of symbolic interactionism? Men often earn more than women, even working the same job. After work, Pat, a janitor, feels more comfortable eating in a truck stop than a French restaurant. Doctors earn more money because their job is more highly valued. Teachers continue to struggle to keep benefits such as health insurance.
After work, Pat, a janitor, feels more comfortable eating in a truck stop than a French restaurant.
Studying sociology helps people analyze data because they learn: interview techniques to apply statistics to generate theories all of the above
All of the above
Which one of the following is not a way people are socialized by religion? People learn the material culture of their religion. Life stages and roles are connected to religious celebration. An individual's personal internal experience of a divine being leads to their faith. Places of worship provide a space for shared group experiences.
An individual's personal internal experience of a divine being leads to their faith
According to the concept of the power elite, why would a celebrity such as Charlie Sheen commit a crime? Because his parents committed similar crimes. Because his fame protects him from retribution. Because his fame disconnects him from society. Because he is challenging socially accepted norms.
Because his fame protects him from retribution
Seeing patterns means that a sociologist needs to be able to: a.compare the behavior of individuals from different societies b.compare one society to another C.identify trends among groups and societies D.compare individuals to groups
C.identify trends among groups and societies
Who coined the phrase symbolic interactionism? Herbert Blumer Max Weber Lester F. Ward W. I. Thomas
Herbert Blumer
Which of the following situations best describes crime trends in the United States? Rates of violent and nonviolent crimes are decreasing. Rates of violent crimes are decreasing, but there are more nonviolent crimes now than ever before. Crime rates have skyrocketed since the 1970s due to lax corrections laws. Rates of street crime have gone up, but corporate crime has gone down.
Rates of violent and nonviolent crimes are decreasing.
How did nearly complete isolation as a child affect Danielle's verbal abilities? She could not communicate at all. She never learned words, but she did learn signs. She could not understand much, but she could use gestures. She could understand and use basic language like "yes" and "no."
She could not communicate at all.
Why do sociologists need to be careful when drawing conclusions from twin studies? The results do not apply to singletons. The twins were often raised in different ways. The twins may turn out to actually be fraternal. The sample sizes are often small.
The sample sizes are often small.
Which of the following best describes sociology as a subject? The study of economics The study of cultures The study of individual behavior The study of society and social interaction
The study of society and social interaction
Why are wealthy parents more likely than poor parents to socialize their children toward creativity and problem solving? Wealthy parents are socializing their children toward the skills of white-collar employment. Wealthy parents are not concerned about their children rebelling against their rules. Wealthy parents never engage in repetitive tasks. Wealthy parents are more concerned with money than with a good education.
Wealthy parents are socializing their children toward the skills of white-collar employment.
To study the effects of fast food on lifestyle, health, and culture, from which group would a researcher ethically be unable to accept funding? a fast-food restaurant a nonprofit health organization a private hospital a governmental agency like Health and Social Services
a fast-food restaurant
Which of the following is not an appropriate group for democratic leadership? a fire station a college classroom a high school prom committee a homeless shelter
a fire station
Which of the following is not an example of an in-group? the Ku Klux Klan a fraternity a synagogue a high school
a high school
Which would a quantitative sociologists use to gather data? a large survey a literature search an in-depth interview a review of television programs
a large survay
Which is not an example of a normative organization? a book club a church youth group a People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals (PETA) protest group a study hall
a study hall
A nation's flag is: a symbol a value a culture a folkway
a symbol
Maya is a twelve-year-old girl living in Thailand. She is homeless, and often does not know where she will sleep or when she will eat. We might say that Maya lives in _________ poverty. subjective absolute relative global
absolute
A parent who is worrying over her teenager's dangerous and self-destructive behavior and low self-esteem may wish to look at her child's: out-group in-group reference group all of the above
all of the above
How do schools prepare children to one day enter the workforce? with a standardized curriculum through the hidden curriculum by socializing them in teamwork all of the above
all of the above
In Asch's study on conformity, what contributed to the ability of subjects to resist conforming? a very small group of witnesses the presence of an ally the ability to keep one's answer private all of the above
all of the above
What are some of the intended positive aspects of bureaucracies? increased productivity increased efficiency equal treatment for all all of the above
all of the above
During the civil rights movement, Rosa Parks and other black protestors spoke out against segregation by refusing to sit at the back of the bus. This is an example of ________. an act of social control an act of deviance a social norm criminal mores
an act of deviance
Which type of group leadership has a communication pattern that flows from the top down? authoritarian democratic laissez-faire expressive
athoritarian
From a sociological perspective, which factor does not greatly influence a person's socialization? gender class blood type race
blood type
Which statement provides the best operational definition of "childhood obesity"? children who eat unhealthy foods and spend too much time watching television and playing video games a distressing trend that can lead to health issues including type 2 diabetes and heart disease body weight at least 20 percent higher than a healthy weight for a child of that height the tendency of children today to weigh more than children of earlier generations
body weight at least 20 percent higher than a healthy weight for a child of that height
Berger describes sociologists as concerned with: monumental moments in people's lives common everyday life events both a and b none of the above
both a and b
According to Marx, the _____ own the means of production in a society. proletariat vassals bourgeoisie anomie
bourgeoisie
If a sociologist points out that core nations dominate the global economy, in part by creating global interest rates and international tariffs that will inevitably favor high-income nations over low-income nations, he is a: functionalist dependency theorist modernization theorist symbolic interactionist
dependency theorist
Which sociological theory states that deviant behavior is learned from those closest to the individual deviant? power elite differential dssociation control cultural deviance
differential dssociation
That McDonald's is found in almost every country around the world is an example of: globalization diffusion culture lag xenocentrism
diffusion
When Karl Marx said workers experience alienation, he meant that workers: must labor alone, without companionship do not feel connected to their work move from one geographical location to another have to put forth self-effort to get ahead
do not feel connected to their work
Two people who have just had a baby have turned from a _______ to a _________. primary group, secondary group dyad, triad couple, family de facto group, nuclear family
dyad tryad
Based on meritocracy, a physician's assistant would: receive the same pay as all the other physician's assistants be encouraged to earn a higher degree to seek a better position most likely marry a professional at the same level earn a pay raise for doing excellent work
earn a pay raise for doing excellent work
Which of the following was a topic of interest among some of the founders of Sociology, particularly Marx and Weber? history physics astrology economics
economics
Which of the following is an example of corporate crime? embezzlement larceny assault burglary
embezzlement
An essential element of the scientific method as practiced by sociologists is _________. eavesdropping on people's personal conversations formulating a hypothesis reviewing a case study watching the television news
formulating a hypothesis
A ____________ perspective theorist might find it particularly noteworthy that wealthy corporations improve the quality of life in peripheral nations by providing workers with jobs, pumping money into the local economy, and improving transportation infrastructure. functional conflict feminist symbolic interactionist
functional
Conflict theorists view capitalists as those who: are ambitious fund social services spend money wisely get rich while workers stay poor
get rich while workers stay poor
According to Berger and Luckmann, the construction of social reality is done through the process of _______________. communication habitualization organization imagination
habitualization
Kenneth and Mamie Clark used sociological research to show that segregation was: beneficial harmful illegal of no importance
harmful
Which of the following societies were the first to have permanent residents? industrial hunter-gatherer horticultural feudal
horticultural
Socialization, as a sociological term, describes: how people interact during social situations how people learn societal norms, beliefs, and values a person's internal mental state when in a group setting the difference between introverts and extroverts
how people learn societal norms, beliefs, and values
Sophie has a job interview tomorrow at a fashion magazine. She picks out an adventurous outfit she would not ordinarily wear because she wants to be seen as creative. A sociologist would say that she is engaging in _______________. hypocrisy role conflict superficial behavior impression management
impression management
Why is a caste system an example of a closed stratification system? A caste system allows for social mobility-the ability to move up or down in social class. In a caste system people are born into their social class and that is their social class for life. In a caste system your social class is determined by how hard you work. A caste system has exogamous marriages.
in a caste system people are born into their social class and that is their social class for life.
The most significant historical event contributing to the development of the modern discipline of sociology is the ____________. first World War Protestant Reformation Industrial Revolution
industrial revolution.
Which of the following is not an age-related transition point when Americans must be socialized to new roles? infancy school age adulthood senior citizen
infancy
An angry comment is an example of which kind of sanction? informal, negative formal, positive formal, negative informal, negative
informal, negative
A sociologist defines society as a group of people who reside in a defined area, share a culture, and who: practice a recognized religion speak different languages work in the same industry interact
interact
One flaw in modernization theory is the unwillingness to recognize _________. that semi-peripheral nations are incapable of industrializing that peripheral nations prevent semi-peripheral nations from entering the global market its inherent ethnocentric bias the importance of semi-peripheral nations industrializing
its inherent ethnocentric bias
The movie Babel featured an international cast and was filmed on location in various nations. When it screened in theaters worldwide, it introduced a number of ideas and philosophies about cross-cultural connections. This might be an example of: technology conglomerating symbolic interaction media globalization
media globalization
In the United States, most people define themselves as: middle class upper class lower class no specific class
middle class
ehavioral guidelines are generally synchronous with social ideals. Another way of saying this is that ______ are usually reflective of _________. norms, values values, norms rules, morals laws, morals
norms, values
Occupational prestige means that jobs are: all equal in status not equally valued assigned to a person for life not part of a person's self-identity
not equally valued
A parent secretly monitoring the babysitter through the use of GPS, site blocker, and nanny cam is a good example of: the social construction of reality technophilia a neo-Luddite panoptic surveillance
panoptic surveillance
What research method did John S. Lynd and Helen Merrell Lynd mainly use in their Middletown study? secondary data survey participant observation experiment
participant observation
Which research technique would most likely be used by a symbolic interactionist? surveys participant observation quantitative data analysis none of the above
participant observation
What factor makes caste systems closed? They are run by secretive governments. People cannot change their social standings. Most have been outlawed. They exist only in rural areas.
people can't change
Which part of the United States criminal justice system is charged with enforcing laws and public order? police courts corrections security
police
A student wakes up late and realizes her sociology exam starts in five minutes. She jumps into her car and speeds down the road, where she is pulled over by a police officer. The student explains that she is running late, and the officer lets her off with a warning. The student's actions are an example of _________. primary deviance positive deviance secondary deviance master deviance
primary deviance
In industrial societies the major technological revolution was in the ________ whereas in post-industrial societies the technoligical revolution was in the ________. production of material goods, production of information and services increase in life expectancy, increase in fertility computer sector, mobile phone sector urban centers, outer space
production of material goods, production of information and services
Andrew is a college professor who played on a national championship football team when he attended college 25 years ago. He wears his national championship ring everyday. According to impression management, the national championship ring is an example of a _______. player prop . scene situation
prop
The main reason a set of ethical standards is established by the American Sociological Association is to _________. protect human subjects from being harmed or exploited by researchers ensure that subjects feel compelled to participate in the research project stipulate how much money subjects will be paid for their involvement protect social researchers from public scrutiny
protect human subjects from being harmed or exploited by researchers
Which graphic concept best illustrates the concept of social stratification? pie chart flag poles planetary movement pyramid
pyramid
Which research approach is best suited to the scientific method? questionnaire case study ethnography experiment
questionnaire
Social stratification is a system that: ranks society members into categories destroys competition between society members allows society members to choose their social standing reflects personal choices of society members
ranks society members into categories
What is a group whose values, norms, and beliefs come to serve as a standard for one's own behavior? secondary group formal organization reference group primary group
reference group
Cultural sanctions can also be viewed as ways that society: establishes leaders determines language regulates behavior determines laws
regulates behavior
In research, reliability refers to how likely the results are to be _____ if a study is reproduced. replicated proven analyzed challenged
replicated
According to Marx, conflict between classes will eventually lead to ___________. economic inequality democracy revolution political ineqaulity
revolution
Mary works full-time at an office downtown while her young children stay at a neighbor's house. She's just learned that the childcare provider is leaving the country. Mary has succumbed to pressure to volunteer at her church, plus her ailing mother-in-law will be moving in with her next month. Which of the following is likely to occur as Mary tries to balance her existing and new responsibilities? self-fulfilling prophecy status conflict status strain role strain
role strain
Survey method is more suited to ___________ while field research method is more suited to________. conflict theory, structural functionalism studying opinions, studying behaviours objective analysis, subjective analysis scientific method, interpretive method
scientific method, interpretive method
The basic premise of the Davis-Moore thesis is that the unequal distribution of rewards in social stratification: is an outdated mode of societal organization is an artificial reflection of society serves a purpose in society cannot be justified
serves a purpose in society
Durkheim maintained that traditional societies are characterized by a strong "collective conscience." This refers to a _____________. set of communal beliefs, norms, and attitudes state in which laws govern social behavior state in which mental illness does not exist set of shared political belief
set of communal beliefs, norms, and attitudes
Societies practice social control to maintain ________. formal sanctions social order cultural deviance sanction labeling
social order
Which of the following occupations is a person of power most likely to have in an information society? software engineer coal miner children's book author sharecropper
software engineer
One flaw in dependency theory is the unwillingness to recognize _______. that previously low-income nations such as China have successfully developed their economies and can no longer be classified as dependent on core nations that previously high-income nations such as China have been economically overpowered by low-income nations entering the global marketplace that countries such as China are growing more dependent on core nations that countries such as China do not necessarily want to be more like core nations
that previously low-income nations such as China have successfully developed their economies and can no longer be classified as dependent on core nations
Which of the following fictional societies is an example of a pastoral society? the Amaganda, an extended family of warriors who serve a single noble family the Rositian Clan, a small community of farmers who have lived on their family's land for centuries the Deswan people, who live in small tribes and base their economy on the production and trade of textiles the Hunti, a wandering group of nomads who specialize in breeding and training horses
the Hunti, a wandering group of nomads who specialize in breeding and training horses
The GNI PPP figure represents: a country's total accumulated wealth annual government spending the average annual income of a country's citizens a country's debt
the average annual income of a country's citizens
Which of the following is not a risk of media globalization? the creation of cultural and ideological biases the creation of local monopolies fhe risk of cultural imperialism the loss of local culture
the creation of local monopolies
Children from impoverished areas tend to have lower scores in standardized tests as compared to children from wealthy areas because of ________________. the cyclical effects of poverty their lack of interest the lack of interest of their parents lower mental abilities
the cyclical effects of poverty
Who is more likely to be an expressive leader? the sales manager of a fast-growing cosmetics company a high school teacher at a reform school the director of a summer camp for chronically ill children a manager at a fast-food restaurant
the director of a summer camp for chronically ill children
Paco knows that women find him attractive, and he's never found it hard to get a date. But as he ages, he dyes his hair to hide the gray and wears clothes that camouflage the weight he has put on. Paco's behavior can be best explained by the concept of ___________. role strain the looking-glass self role performance habitualization
the looking-glass self
What did Carol Gilligan believe earlier researchers into morality had overlooked? the justice perspective sympathetic reactions to moral situations the perspective of females how social environment affects how morality develops
the perspective of females
In a study, a group of ten-year-old boys are fed doughnuts every morning for a week and then weighed to see how much weight they gained. Which factor is the dependent variable? the doughnuts the boys the duration of a week the weight gained
the weight gained
A symbolic interactionist may compare social interactions to: behaviors conflicts human organs theatrical roles
theatrical roles
One of the reasons the study of sociology is important is to ____________. develop one's personal values understand how behavior patterns are influenced by heredity understand how behavior patterns are influenced by social factors teach people how to live a happier, more fulfilled life
understand how behavior patterns are influenced by social factors
One of the reasons the study of sociology is important is to ____________. develop one's personal values understand how behavior patterns are influenced by heredity understand how behavior patterns are influenced by social factors teach people how to live a happier, more fulfilled life
understand how behavior patterns are influenced by social factors
Most cultures have been found to identify laughter as a sign of humor, joy, or pleasure. Likewise, most cultures recognize music in some form. Music and laughter are examples of: xenocentrism ethnocentrism relativism universalism
universalism
The practice of remaining impartial in a research study is also known as __________. value neutrality subjectivity empiricism generalizability
value neutrality
Models of global stratification are useful in understanding __________ across countries. vast economic inequalities historical changes the difference in population size many different currencies in use
vast economic inequalities
Research regarding video game violence suggests that _________. boys who play violent video games become more aggressive, but girls do not girls who play violent video games become more aggressive, but boys do not violent video games have no connection to aggressive behavior violent video games lead to an increase in aggressive thought and behavior
violent video games lead to an increase in aggressive thought and behavior
What method did researchers John Mihelich and John Papineau use to study Parrotheads? survey experiment web ethnography case study
web ethnography
Which person or organization defined the concept of value neutrality? Institutional Review Board (IRB) Peter Rossi American Sociological Association (ASA) Max Weber
webber
The term that denotes a feeling that another culture is superior to one's own is __________. This is the opposite of __________ , in which one's culture is preferred over that of others. ethnocentrism, xenocentrism ethnocentrism, cultural relativism cultural relativism, ethnocentrism xenocentrism, ethnocentrism
xenocentric entocentric
The belief that one's culture is inferior to another culture is called: imperialism nationalism ethnocentrism xenocentrism
xenocentrism
Slavery in the pre-Civil War U.S. South most closely resembled chattel slavery debt bondage relative poverty peonage
chattel slavery
Which of these systems allows for the most social mobility? caste monarchy endogamy class
class
A sociologist who focuses on the way that multinational corporations headquartered in core nations exploit the local workers in their peripheral nation factories is using a _________ perspective to understand the global economy. functional conflict theory feminist symbolic interactionist
conflict
France might be classified as which kind of nation? global core semi-peripheral peripheral
core
Your eighty-three-year-old grandmother has been using a computer for some time now. As a way to keep in touch, you frequently send emails of a few lines to let her know about your day. She calls after every email to respond point by point, but she has never emailed a response back. This can be viewed as an example of: cultural lag innovation ethnocentricity xenophobia
cultural lag
The terms _________________ and ______________ are often used interchangeably, but have nuances that differentiate them. ethnocentrism and xenocentrism society and ethnocentrism imperialism and relativism culture and society
culture and society
Rodney and Elise are U.S. students studying abroad in Italy. When they are introduced to their host families, the families kiss them on both cheeks. When Rodney's host brother introduces himself and kisses Rodney on both cheeks, Rodney pulls back in surprise. Where he is from, unless they are romantically involved, men do not kiss one another. This is an example of: xenocentrism ethnocentrism imperialism culture shock
culture shock
Which of the following best depicts Marx's concept of alienation from the process of one's labor? A businessman feels that he deserves a raise, but is nervous to ask his manager for one; instead, he comforts himself with the idea that hard work is its own reward. An associate professor is afraid that she won't be given tenure and starts spreading rumors about one of her associates to make herself look better. A construction worker is laid off and takes a job at a fast food restaurant temporarily, although he has never had an interest in preparing food before. A supermarket cashier always scans store coupons before company coupons because she was taught to do it that way.
A supermarket cashier always scans store coupons before company coupons because she was taught to do it that way.
The ASA maintains a set of guidelines for sociologists to use when conducting a study involving human subjects. This is known as a/the _____________. stipulation policy manual taxonomy Code of Ethics
Code of Ethics
The major difference between invention and discovery is: Invention is based on technology, whereas discovery is usually based on culture. Discovery involves finding something that already exists, but invention puts things together in a new way. Invention refers to material culture, whereas discovery can be material or theoretic, like laws of physics. Invention is typically used to refer to international objects, whereas discovery refers to that which is local to one's culture.
Discovery involves finding something that already exists, but invention puts things together in a new way.
An example of high culture is ___________, whereas an example of popular culture would be ____________. Dostoevsky style in film, "American Idol" winners medical marijuana, film noir country music, pop music political theory, sociological theory
Dostoevsky style in film, "American Idol" winners
Why is choosing a random sample an effective way to select participants? Participants do not know they are part of a study. The researcher has no control over who is in the study. It is larger than an ordinary sample. Everyone has the same chance of being part of the study.
Everyone has the same chance of being part of the study.
The Protestant work ethic is based on the concept of predestination, which states that ________. Performing good deeds in life is the only way to secure a spot in Heaven. Salvation is only achievable through obedience to God. No person can be saved before he or she accepts Jesus Christ as his or her savior. God has already chosen those who will be saved and those who will be damned.
God has already chosen those who will be saved and those who will be damned.
What is the main distinction between high culture and popular culture? High culture is typically legally restricted to only those with incomes above a certain level, while access to popular culture is available to all. High culture appeals to members of the upper class and intellectuals, while popular culture elements are mainstream and appeal to all segments of a population. High culture includes corporate-sponsored websites, while popular culture is self-financed by people. High culture remains static, while popular culture is very dynamic and constantly changing.
High culture appeals to members of the upper class and intellectuals, while popular culture elements are mainstream and appeal to all segments of a population.
Which statement illustrates value neutrality? no bias? Obesity in children is obviously a result of parental neglect and, therefore, schools should take a greater role to prevent it. In 2003, states like Arkansas adopted laws requiring elementary schools to remove soft drink vending machines from schools. Merely restricting children's access to junk food at school is not enough to prevent obesity. Physical activity and healthy eating are a fundamental part of a child's education.
In 2003, states like Arkansas adopted laws requiring elementary schools to remove soft drink vending machines from schools.
Which best describes the results of a case study? It produces more reliable results than other methods because of its depth. Its results are not generally applicable. It relies solely on secondary data analysis. all of the above
Its results are not generally applicable.
Who believed that the history of society was one of class struggle? Emile Durkheim Karl Marx Erving Goffmann George Herbert Mead
Karl Marx
The main difference between material and non-material culture is that ______________. l Material culture refers to all objects that are more than a 100 years old, while non-material culture refers to recent objects. Material culture refers to all tangible objects that are part of a culture, while non-material culture refers to ideas, attitudes, and beliefs. Material culture changes at a slower rate than non-material culture.
Material culture refers to all tangible objects that are part of a culture, while non-material culture refers to ideas, attitudes, and beliefs.
The concept of the iron cage was popularized by which of the following sociological thinkers? Max Weber Karl Marx Émile Durkheim Friedrich Engels
Max Weber
Which person or organization defined the concept of value neutrality? Institutional Review Board (IRB) Peter Rossi American Sociological Association (ASA) Max Weber
Max Weber
How did the environment directly influence the mobility and survival strategies of individuals living in hunter-gatherer societies? Members of hunter-gatherer societies moved to other areas in search of resources when resources in a given area were depleted. Members of hunter-gatherer societies relied on weather patterns to determine the location of their settlement. Members of hunter-gatherer societies had very low survival chances when the environment they were settled in changed. Members of hunter-gatherer societies sought to change and manipulate many aspects of their environment.
Members of hunter-gatherer societies moved to other areas in search of resources when resources in a given area were depleted.
The biggest difference between mores and folkways is that Mores are primarily linked to morality, whereas folkways are primarily linked to being commonplace within a culture. Mores are absolute, whereas folkways are temporary. Mores refer to material culture, whereas folkways refer to nonmaterial culture. Mores refer to nonmaterial culture, whereas folkways refer to material culture.
Mores are primarily linked to morality, whereas folkways are primarily linked to being commonplace within a culture.
The Harlows' study on rhesus monkeys showed that: Rhesus monkeys raised by other primate species are poorly socialized. Monkeys can be adequately socialized by imitating humans. Food is more important than social comfort. Social comfort is more important than food.
Social comfort is more important than food.
Chris Langan's story illustrates that: Children raised in one-parent households tend to have higher IQs. Intelligence is more important than socialization. Socialization can be more important than intelligence. Neither socialization nor intelligence affects college admissions.
Socialization can be more important than intelligence.
The primary distinction between structural functionalism and conflict theory is that __________________. Structural functionalism is a macro-level theory while conflict theory is not. Structural functionalism is not used to analyze social institutions, while conflict theory is. Conflict theory maintains that individuals matter more than institutions, while structural functionalism maintains that institutions matter more than individuals. Structural functionalism maintains that society is generally in a state of balance while conflict theory maintains that society is characterized by power struggles and inequalities
Structural functionalism maintains that society is generally in a state of balance while conflict theory maintains that society is characterized by power struggles and inequalities
What is the primary difference between subcultures and countercultures? Subcultures are often smaller in size than countercultures. Subcultures exist in the open within the larger culture whereas countercultures exist in hiding within the larger culture. Subcultures are sub-sets of the larger culture that are still harmonious with it. Countercultures reject fundamental values of the dominant culture and thus, are in a state of conflict with it. Subcultures can be formed on the basis of a religion whereas counter cultures cannot.
Subcultures coexist with the larger culture whereas countercultures reject the values of the dominant culture.
When it comes to technology, media, and society, which of the following is true? Media can influence technology, but not society. Technology created media, but society has nothing to do with these. Technology, media, and society are bound and cannot be separated. Society influences media but is not connected to technology.
Technology, media, and society are bound and cannot be separated.
What is the largest difference between the functionalist and conflict perspectives and the Interactionist perspective? The first two focus on hierarchical roles within an organization, while the last takes a more holistic view. The first two are the more common sociological perspective, while the latter is a newer sociological model. The former two consider long-term repercussions of the group or situation, while the latter focuses on the present. The first two perspectives address large-scale issues facing groups, while the last examines more detailed aspects.
The first two perspectives address large-scale issues facing groups, while the last examines more detailed aspects.
How would a Conflict Theorist explain differences in levels of technology across nations? The most affluent nations have more and better resources, thereby allowing them greater access to the most advanced forms of technology. Conflict Theory looks at how different access to unequal resources results in a varying quality of life for people and for nations. Technology allows for the diffusion of social norms throughout a country, thereby increasing social solidarity among its citizens. Differing levels of technology in a country are the result of the skills and levels of intelligence of the citizens of that nation.
The most affluent nations have more and better resources, thereby allowing them greater access to the most advanced forms of technology.
A convicted sexual offender is released on parole and arrested two weeks later for repeated sexual crimes. How would labeling theory explain this? The offender has been labeled deviant by society and has accepted a new master status. The offender has returned to his old neighborhood and so reestablished his former habits. The offender has lost the social bonds he made in prison and feels disconnected from society. The offender is poor and responding to the different cultural values that exist in his community.
The offender has been labeled deviant by society and has accepted a new master status.
What is a disadvantage of the McDonaldization of society? There is less variety of goods. There is an increased need for employees with postgraduate degrees. There is less competition so prices are higher. There are fewer jobs so unemployment increases.
There is less variety of goods.
What is an advantage of the McDonaldization of society? There is more variety of goods. There is less theft. There is more worldwide availability of goods. There is more opportunity for businesses.
There is more worldwide availability of goods.
What factor makes class systems open? They do not have clearly defined layers. People are encouraged to socialize within their class. People are more open-minded. They allow for movement between the classes.
They allow for movement between the classes.
Which of the following is true regarding U.S. socialization of recent high school graduates? They are expected to take a year "off" before college. They are required to serve in the military for one year. They are expected to enter college, trade school, or the workforce shortly after graduation. They are required to move away from their parents.
They are expected to enter college, trade school, or the workforce shortly after graduation.
What role do secondary groups play in society? They are transactional, task-based, and short-term, filling practical needs. They provide a social network that allows people to compare themselves to others. The members give and receive emotional support. They allow individuals to challenge their beliefs and prejudices.
They are transactional, task-based, and short-term, filling practical needs.
What is the primary distinction of the interpretive framework, as introduced by sociologist Max Weber? This approach relies on quantitative analysis of data. This approach is associated with qualitative analysis. This approach allows the researcher to be subjective in the research process. This approach seeks to understand the social world from the standpoint of subjects.
This approach seeks to understand the social world from the standpoint of subjects.
A promotion at work is an example of which kind of sanction? informal, negative formal, positive . formal, negative informal, negative
formal, positive
Which person best illustrates opportunities for upward social mobility in the United States? first-shift factory worker first-generation college student firstborn son who inherits the family business first-time interviewee who is hired for a job
first-generation college student
Which of these theories is most likely to look at the social world on a micro level? positivism conflict theory structural functionalism symbolic interactionism
symbolic interactionism
A sociologist is interested in studying how people present themselves at job interviews in order to secure jobs. What theoretical perspective can this be associated with? economism structural functionalist conflict theory symbolic interactionist
symbolic interactionist
_____ is the practice of receiving the same message from a variety of sources on a variety of platforms. fragmentation synergistic advertising marketing product placement
synergistic advertising
When Japanese scientists develop a new vaccine for swine flu and offer that technology to U.S. pharmaceutical companies, __________ has taken place. media globalization technological diffusion monetizing planned obsolescence
technological diffusion