SOC 102

In the United States, the sorting system of who does what and who receives which goods, services, and life options is accomplished through which organizing principle(s) of stratification:

D. All of the above

Which theoretical perspective "sees society as composed of a number of groups in constant battle over power, prestige, and economic resources?"

D. Conflict theory

__________ is grounded in physical attributes that have social meaning, whereas ___________ is a cultural-historical identification with a group. Which set of answers below best fits in the blanks above such that the first word in the set fits in the first blank and the second word in the set fits in the second blank.

D. Race; ethnicity

Norms are:

D. all of the above

The process whereby a country or area goes from having high birth rates and high death rates to having low birth rates and low death rates is known as the:

D.Demographic Transition

The process whereby a company hires an outside agency to manufacture a product or perform a service that the company may no longer find profitable to perform itself is known as:

D.Outsourcing

What were the three sources (or types) of authority identified by Max Weber?

D.Traditional, rational-legal, charismatic

What is the term that sociologists use to describe "expressions and practices that are found in every culture?"

D.cultural universals

What is the tendency to use our own culture's ways of doing things as the yardstick (standard) for judging the behavior, values, and beliefs of other cultures?

D.ethnocentrism

Mattie is a new sociology professor at the local college. During her first lecture, she noticed that some students were yawning. Based on her interpretation of the students yawning, Mattie has decided she is a boring teacher. This is an example of the process referred to as ________.

C. "Looking-glass self"

The two levels of analysis have specific characteristics. The macro level is characterized by the following-

C. It engages whole systems

The level of sociological analysis that deals with large units of society or whole societies and organizations is known as:

C. Macro level

Sociologists refer to open and closed stratification systems. Your text ranks the various systems from most closed to most open. Which of the following rankings is the one that the text describes when going from most closed to most open?

C. Slavery, Caste, Estate, Class

Which term is used to refer to organized patterns of beliefs and behavior centered on basic social needs?

C. Social Institution

Which theoretical perspective indicates that inequality is a natural consequence of the organizing process of stratification and that the inequality encourages people to be industrious?

C. Structural Functionalism

Authority that is legitimate and is a product of history and passed down from generations by means of customs is called:

C. Traditional authority

The term used to describe the movement of masses of people to cities is:

C. Urbanization

Which sociological perspective is most aligned with a theorist who sees the law as an instrument of repression and a tool designed to maintain the powerful in their privileged positions?

C. conflict perspective

Based on his famous theory explaining the cause of deviance and crime, what would Edwin Sutherland consider as the underlying cause of deviance?

C. group association

Durkheim's "Elements of Religion" include:

C.Rituals, ceremonies, moral community

The tools that sociologists use to do their work would include all of the following except

C.Socialization

The international interconnectivity and exchange of culture, merchandises, ideologies, and technology is called:

A. Globalization

Which of the following is not an agent of socialization?

A. Nature

Which of the following is "seeing how the unique historical circumstances of a particular society affect people and, at the same time, seeing how people affect history"?

A. Sociological imagination

The term definition of the situation is a central concept for what theoretical perspective?

A. Symbolic Interactionism

Which of the following theoretical perspectives would view television and movies as a form of big business in which profits are more important than the quality of the product or the individual; and which is used to keep those in power in place?

A. conflict

Which set of concepts best illustrates material culture?

A. jewelry, art, hairstyles

According to George Herbert Mead, how does a child learn to take the role of others?

A. through play and social interaction

Sociologist David Popenoe indicates that there are four general types of deviance. Indicate one of Popenoe's types of deviance.

A.Aberrant

Structural functionalists believe that the function of social stratification is to:

A.Keep the power structure the way it is now - stability

Emile Durkheim stated several reasons why deviance was actually functional for society. Which of the following was not one of them?

A.One deviant act leads to another, which increases social solidarity

Cody is a member of the Chicago Latin Kings. The other gangs in his territory are the Mexican Mafia and P-Stone Nation. Cody feels very antagonistic towards the MM and P-Stone. For Cody, what type of group do these two rival gangs represent?

A.Out-groups

"The way in which a society organizes itself so that individuals know their place or rank, also called their social position, in society" is one-way sociologists define

A.Social stratification

According to George Herbert Mead, how does a child learn to take the role of others?

A.through play and social interaction

Which of the following is NOT part of C. Wright Mills paradigms?

A.total institutions

Kluckhohn's seven cultural universals are language, rituals, physical adornment, incest taboo, and:

B. Family, religion, and education

Gemeinschaft is to "intimate community" as Gesellschaft is to ________.

B. Impersonal association

Sociology is the ____________ of human ____________ and how it ____________ over time.

B. Scientific study, social behavior, changes

Frank is examining the broad stream of events that have occurred over the past 50 years and the specific experiences of his own life. By doing so, what sociological process has Frank undertaken?

B. Sociological imagination

What term do sociologists use to describe the language, beliefs, values, norms, behavior, and material objects shared by members of society that are also passed from one generation to the next?

B. culture

Race, ethnicity, age, and sex are a person's ________ status.

B.Ascribed

What are the three things that affect the size of a population (also known as the three demographic variables)?

B.Fertility, mortality, migration

In the development of society, which of the following types of societies was the earliest form of society that we know of?

B.Hunting and Gathering societies

A[n] ________ designates social position while a[n] ________ designates socially expected behavior.

B.Status; role

Which sociological perspective stresses that society is a whole unit, made up of interrelated parts that work together harmoniously?

B.Structural functional analysis

Socialization is the learning of the rules of a society. Sociology has categorized socialization as being primary or secondary. Select the correct description of Secondary socialization.

B.is learning how to function effectively in smaller groups

The description a "number of people who share similar norms, values, and expectations, and interact with one another on a regular basis" is how sociologists define

E. A group

When considering the concept of social structure, which of the following is not seen as one of the main elements (parts) of the social structure from the wheel of sociology?

E. Symbols and their meanings

Which of the following is not a cultural universal?

E.Industrial technology

Sociologist Robert Merton's Strain Theory indicates five modes of adaptation: Conformity, Ritualism, Retreatism, and Rebellion. Select the mode of adaptation not given.

a)Innovation