SOC-210 Notes

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hypothesis

"A statement of a possible relationship between two or more variables" is the definition of which concept?

sample

A small number of people that are used to represent a much larger population is called a?

theory

A statement that explains how and why specific facts are related is called a(n)?

the rise of the industrial economy and growth of cities

Among the historical changes that stimulated the development of sociology as a discipline was?

a spurious correlation

An apparent, although false, association between two variables that is caused by a third variable is called

theological stage

Comte described the earliest human societies as being at which stage of historical development?

middle-income nations

Countries in which average people's income is typical for the world as a whole and in which people are as likely to live in a rural area as in an urban area are categorized as

important for college students because most new U.S. jobs involve international trade

Gaining a global understanding is?

theory

If we state that children raised in single-parent families are at high risk of being single parents themselves, we have constructed a(n)_____ of family life.

one or more theoretical approaches

In deciding what kinds of questions to ask in their research, sociologists are guided by?

white males

In the United States today, the suicide rate is highest for which of the following?

focuses on the meaning people attach to behavior

Interpretive sociology refers to sociology that

most patterns of behavior are caused by many factors

It is difficult to establish all the cause-and-effect relationships in a social situation because?

more serious in poorer countries

Social problems in the United States, such as poverty and gender inequality, are?

human behavior may be patterned, but it is also spontaneous

Sociologists cannot identify "laws of society" that allow us to precisely predict the behavior of an individual because?

how society actually operates

Sociology differs from the older discipline of philosophy by focusing on?

France

Sociology first appeared as a formal discipline in

high-income nations

The United States falls within which category of the world's nations?

try to adopt a stance of personal neutrality toward the outcome of the research

The ideal of objectivity means that a researcher must?

high-income nations

The nations of Western Europe, Israel, Japan, and Australia fall into which category of countries?

Emile Durkheim

The pioneering sociologist who studied patterns of suicide in Europe was?

manifest functions

The recognized and intended consequences of a social pattern are referred to as?

patterns of social inequality

The social-conflict approach draws attention to?

Max Weber

The sociologist who called on his colleagues to be "value-free" in the conduct of their research was?

Auguste Comte

The term "sociology" was coined in 1838 by?

structural-functional approach

The theoretical approach in sociology that assumes society is a complex system whose parts work together to promote solidarity and stability is the

gather data or facts

To evaluate a theory using evidence, sociologists.....?

latent functions

Unrecognized and unintended consequences of a social pattern are called?

race

W.E.B. Du Bois claimed that _____ was the major problem facing the United States during the twentieth century.

they are American citizens who have a second identity based on skin color.

W.E.B. Du Bois described African Americans as having a "double consciousness" because?

experiencing many social changes

We would expect the sociological perspective to be most likely to develop in a place that was?

Typically, a person marries someone of similar social position.

What might a sociologist say about people's selection of marriage partners?

an experiment

What research method was used in Philip Zimbardo's study, the "Stanford County Prison"?

the median

What term refers to the value that occurs midway in a series of numbers (that is, the middle case)?

about 1900

When did sociology become established as an academic discipline in the United States?

social structure

Which concept is used to describe relatively stable patterns of social behavior?

W.E.B. Du Bois

Which early U.S. sociologist studied the African American community and served as a founding member of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP)?

W.E.B. Du Bois

Which early sociologist received the first doctorate ever awarded by Harvard University to a person of color?

A police officer understands which categories of people are at high risk of becoming victims of crime.

Which of the following statements best illustrates the career advantage a person gains by studying sociology?

Jane Addams

Which pioneering sociologist founded Chicago's Hull House to assist immigrants and was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize?

a survey

Which research method asks subjects to respond to a series of items in a questionnaire or an interview?

the experiment

Which sociological research method is most likely to produce quantitative data that will identify cause-and-effect relationships?

the race-conflict approach

Which theoretical approach would highlight the fact that, on average, African American families have less income than white families?

personal problems into public issues

Wright Mills claimed that the "sociological imagination" transformed what?


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