SOC 340 MIDTERM

Colonialism

Capitalism as an economic system emerged in conjunction with ________, the European contact with and exploitation and domination of the Native peoples of Africa, Asia, and the Americas.

negro

In the current era, which of the following terms used to refer to Black people is no longer considered acceptable?

prejudice

This is a type of racism that refers to attitudes and beliefs rather than actions

Genocide

Between the 1500s and the mid-1800s, Native Americans experienced a ________, or the deliberate and systematic attempt to eradicate a group of people, at the hands of whites through the introduction of disease, war, forced relocation, and cultural denigration.

white capitalists

Cox argues that American racism, particularly in the South, was created by _________because it benefitted them: they could exploit Black workers and keep white workers from realizing their potential solidarity with the Black working class. Such a "divide and conquer" strategy benefits capitalism in that a divided workforce has less power in the labor market.

stereotypes

Cultural ideologies are fueled through _______, which are exaggerated and/or simplified portrayals of an entire group of people, based upon misinformation or mischaracterizations

Black Codes

In the post-Civil War era, and again in the post-Reconstruction era, governments of the southern states began implementing legislation known as the _________, which were laws that restricted Black freedom of movement, travel, and access to better jobs, and included complex and changing rules concerning appropriate racial etiquette and vagrancy laws that forced Black people to work or be incarcerated

hidden transcript

James C. Scott argues that subordinate group resistance takes the form of a _________, which are the actions and interactions that occur outside the gaze of members of the dominant group and challenge the subordinate status of minority groups.

Assimilation

Robert Ezra Parks' "race relations cycle," his theory for the incorporation of immigrants into American society, culminated with ________________.

chinese

Sinophobia is a term to describe the fear and hatred of which group of people

all of the above

Slave owners used which of the following justifications for their role in "breeding" more slaves with slave women. a. That slave women were breeders rather than mothers b. It was part of their rights of ownership c. It was a good business practice

white racial frame

Sociologist Joe Feagin identified the theoretical perspective known as (the) ____________, which refers to a worldview that includes racial beliefs, racially loaded terms, racialized images, verbal connotations, racialized emotions, and interpretations as well as discriminatory actions that help justify ongoing racism

racial formation perspective

Sociologists Howard Winant and Michael Omi introduced a new theoretical perspective on race referred to as ___________, which emphasizes the ways racial categories are created, inhabited, transformed, and destroyed over time, and the ways race plays out structurally in our everyday, lived experience, becoming "common sense" or a way of making sense of our world.

intersectionality

The epidemic of violence directed at LGBTQ people of color is an example of ________, because it is more than homophobia and transphobia; it is racialized homophobia and transphobia.

Racialization of State Policy

The term _______________ was introduced by sociologists Oliver and Shapiro to describe how government policies have impaired the ability of Black people to accumulate wealth and facilitated white wealth accumulation, with slavery being the most blatant example

Intersectionality

This focuses on the interactions between different systems of oppression, as all individuals hold positions in multiple status hierarchies (such as gender, race, class, sexuality, nationality, and/or age)

sociological imagination

This is a concept introduced by American sociologist, C. Wright Mills, which refers to a perspective that helps us understand the ways history, society, and biography intersect.

ethnic group

This is a term that refers to a group of people that share a culture, nationality, ancestry, and/or language

white space

This refers to an institutional space where white privilege is maintained and reproduced and nonwhites are perceived as intruders and unwelcome

Internalized Racism

This refers to anxiety, self-doubt, and in extreme cases, self-hatred felt by some members of stigmatized groups because of the pervasiveness of derogatory stereotypes, ethnocentrism, and other forms of racism

Ethnocentrism

This refers to the belief that one's own culture or group's ways of doing things are superior to others and is one of the necessary conditions for racial/ethnic inequality to emerge

colorism

This refers to the discrimination that darker-skinned Latinos and African Americans face within their own group compared to lighter-skinned group members

institutional racism

This refers to the everyday business practices and policies which disadvantage minorities and offer advantages to dominant group members; it is often written off as "just the way things are

one-drop rule

This refers to the idea, formerly legally enforced and later a U.S. cultural norm, that if a person has any Black ancestry, they are considered to be Black

scientific racism

This refers to using science to prove the innate inferiority of some racial groups and the innate superiority of others.

race

This specifically refers to a group of people that share some socially defined physical characteristics, for instance, skin color, hair texture, or facial features

Phrenology

This term refers to a now defunct branch of science that compared the skull sizes of various racial groups and used that data to try to determine group intelligence, social and cultural characteristics, and the presumed innate group differences between races

passing

This term refers to when a member of one racial group becomes accepted as and understood by others to be a member of another racial group; the term has most often referred to African Americans who become seen and accepted as white.

internal colonialism theory

This theory emphasizes the distinction between voluntary immigrants, known as immigrant minorities, and involuntary immigrants, known as colonized minorities

Mapping of the Human Genome has found that human beings are 99.9 percent similar genetically

When sociologists describe race as being socially constructed, which of the following pieces of evidence can NOT be offered to support that statement?

group that holds disproportionate power in society

When sociologists speak of a minority group, they are referring to

Native Americans

Which of the following groups of Americans were subjected to systematic attempts at forced assimilation by the U.S. government?

Jewish

Which of the following immigrant groups of the late nineteenth century entered the United States with more education and industrial experience than other immigrant groups and the American population at large?

Africans were enslaved due to anti-Black racism

Which of the following is NOT one of the reasons Africans were originally enslaved in the Americas?

all of the above

Which of the following racial groups did the COVID-19 pandemic disproportionately affect (in terms of infection, hospitalization, and death rates)? a. African Americans b. Native Americans c. Latinos

all of the above

Which of the following racial/ethnic groups have had demeaning sexualized stereotypes about them that are designed to portray them as deviant and "other?" a. African American men b. Native American women c. Asian American men

all of the above

Which of the following racial/ethnic minority groups did NOT resist their oppression and exploitation? a. African Americans b. Mexican Americans c. Native Americans

Functionalism

Which of the following sociological perspectives emphasizes social order and the value of consensus, harmony, and stability for a society, as well as the interdependence of social systems.

all of the above

Which of the following terms are considered acceptable when referring to the Indigenous people of this continent? a. American Indians b. Native Americans c. Indigenous people

critical race theory

Which of the following theoretical perspective on race embraces an activist agenda instead of objectivity and emphasizes narrative and storytelling as a method of knowledge production?

all of the above

Which of the following ways has racism been found embedded in modern technologies? a. Facial recognition technology has a significantly higher error rate when recognizing dark skinned faces b. The use of digital technologies to spread white supremacist ideologies c. Search engine results for "Black girls" (or "Latinas" or "Asian girls") disproportionately directed toward porn sites compared to a similar search for "white girls."

Symbolic Internationalism

Which sociological perspective on race/ethnic relations is concerned with racial/ethnic identity development?

color blind

___________ is the current racial ideology, which argues that race is no longer a significant factor in our society and any evidence of racial inequality can be explained by non-racial factors such as culture.

racial orthodoxy

refers to a set of beliefs, narratives, and practices within an organization, which are supported by discourse, which make up commonly recognized understandings of race