soc chapter 12

25. According to data in Chapter 12, US women earn about how much for every dollar that US men earn?

7

6. A traditional family consisting of a mother, father, and their biological children is known as a/an:

The nuclear family

19. Sarah Fenstermaker Berk has characterized the American family by examining how women and men learn to take on distinct roles paralleling the divide between public and private spheres. She calls the family a:

"Gender factory"

22. Working wives generally get less leisure time than their husbands. This is known as:

"The leisure gap"

21. The domestic duties that still fall disproportionately on working women's shoulders are labeled by Hochschild (1989) as:

"The second shift"

27. About how long do the majority of single mothers stay on the welfare rolls in the US?

2 years

9. Approximately what percentage of U.S. marriages end in divorce?

40

16. Today, what fraction of all mothers, married or not, works outside of the home in the United States?

61

8. What percentage of today's U.S. families consists of a male breadwinner, a female housewife, and their children?

7

10. Approximately what percentage of Americans marry at some point in their lives?

90

26. Why was the traditional family depicted in the The Adventures of Ozzie and Harriet never a reality for African American families?

African american women have always had to combine work and caring for a family

32. Which countries have marriage equality for same-sex couples?

All except Japan

20. Who wrote The Feminine Mystique (1963)?

Betty Friedan

17. A powerful example of the devaluation of housework in the US was the original September 11th Victim Compensation Fund. Ultimately, after feminist groups lobbied the US government, what happened?

Both the deceased future earnings and his or her estimated contributions to the families unpaid household work were measured to determine the families amount of compensation

11. Amy and Raymond live together in an intimate relationship without formal legal or religious sanctioning. This arrangement is known by sociologists as:

Cohabitation

24. Sociologist Arlie Hochschild (1980) has found that many women who would traditionally be expected to take care of the home and children also try to have a career. She calls this the:

Colt of Domesticity

14. The notion that true womanhood centers on domestic responsibilities and child rearing is known as:

Cult of Domesticity

29. Who argued that African American female-headed families are the outcome, rather than the cause of racial oppression and poverty?

Du Bois

15. The Ozzie and Harriet Nelson type of family was in its prime during which time period?

During the post WWII economic boom

When a society has rules that limit marital choices to people within one's own social group, such as within their social class, or religion, this is known as:

Endogamy refers to marriage to someone within one's social group

2. In what year were laws prohibiting interracial marriage struck down in the United States?

Loving v. Virginia is the 1967 supreme court case that ended anti-miscegenation laws

3. Some people may have several spouses over their lifetimes, but in the United States they are legally allowed only one at a time. The legal institution is known as:

Monogamy is the practice of marrying or being in a relationship with one person at a time

30. It is difficult to make generalizations about Latino families in the US because:

Of their diverse origins and geography

28. Which 1996 legislation led to national welfare reform during the Clinton administration?

Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Reconciliation Act, limited the amount of time one could receive benefits

7. In some rural areas of Asia, women can have several husbands at one time. This practice is known as:

Polygamy

Some societies allow a person to have several spouses at the same time in an arrangement known as:

Polygamy is a system of mairrage that allows people to have more than one spouse at a time

31. Which group has the highest rate of out-marriage?

Same sex

18. In families where both spouses work for wages, the second shift can be best described as:

Second shift refers to unpaid labor inside the home that is often expected of women after working at paid labor outside the home

23. According to Ruth Schwartz Cowan's 1983 research, time-saving devices like the vacuum cleaner and washing machine have actually increased the amount of time that women spend on housework. What explanation is given for her finding?

Standards of cleanliness have also risen, so even more cleaning is expected

5. What best describes the notion of traditional family in US history?

The nuclear family or traditional family is a family consisting of a mom, a dad and their biological children, 1950s

12. Structural changes brought on by the Industrial Revolution had major consequences for families. What was one of the primary mechanisms that explains these consequences?

Women and children were expected to make and use their own food, clothes, and goods while men worked in the factories

13. Aries wrote that children of preindustrial families were:

thought of as small adults who did not warrant any special treatment or nurturing