SOC Final Exam

A recent Gallup Poll based on a large and representative sample estimates that _________ percent of LGBT Americans age 18 and over are either legally married or living with their partner.

17

Sociologist Peter Berger has connected which characteristics to modernization?

A decline in importance of religious institutions

Exam 1: Which is a family according to the U.S. Census Bureau?

A mother and her adopted daughter.

Which of the following is an advantage of an experiment?

An experiment proves the greatest opportunity to assess cause and effect.

Based on Kauai Longitudinal Study, what would be the expected result at ages 18 and 40 if a child spent a childhood in a high-risk environment with poverty, divorce, violence, and alcoholism in the home?

Behavior problems at age 18, but stable and successful at age 40.

Which is the most effective fact to support the statement, People are born gay?

Biological siblings are more likely to both be gay than adopted siblings.

Which of the following states about gender socialization and race/ethnicity are TRUE?

Black females are more likely than Hispanic or White females to say that they are beautiful and that they like themselves the way they are.

Which of the following accurately sums up the research on gender?

Boys are more fragile because they have more rigid norms.

The text points out that there are several benefits of making contraceptives available to women throughout the world in order to delay childbirth. Which is NOT one of these benefits.

Contraceptives can alter the standards of beauty.

Which of the following describes why family sociologists look at the past?

Current family issues are related to past events.

What was the consequence of World War II on marriage?

Divorce rates rose considerably.

Distinguish the difference between domestic partners and married partners.

Domestic partners are not eligible for all the benefits married couples are allowed, such as employer-provided family health insurance.

Which sociologist noted that suicide had patterns and is not a random event?

Emile Durkheim

Which norm would you find the most openness to marriages outside one's own ethnic or social class division?

Exogamy

The idea that families can best be understood by examining how they interact with, influence, and are influenced by other social institutions, and can't merely be separated out as "havens" from the rest of society falls into which theme?

Families are both a public social institution and a private personal relationship.

Which research method is likely to be the best one to piece together the history of family life.

Family reconstitution

What is the relationship between family and modernization?

Family relationships weaken as society modernizes.

Rachel works for a social service agency that helps at-risk families. Her agency's focus is the role each family member plays and on each relationship with the family. The agency looks at parent-child, parent-parent, and child-child relationships and the rules involved in those relationships. Which theory does Rachel's agency follow?

Family systems theory

Which perspective attribute the difficulties children face to a lack of cooperation between the community, family, and employers to improve the quality of life ?

Feminist

What is a key difference between the textbook's definition of family and the Census Bureau's definition of family?

Fictive kin are included only in the textbook's definition, not the Census Bureau's definition.

What type of mate selection process is generally found in the United States?

Formally free

Nathan cries when he falls when playing soccer. His father immediately says, "Get back after that ball! Be tough!" What process is taking place?

Gender socialization

Compared to children with two married parents in the household, how do children fare in a cohabiting household, generally speaking?

Generally, children in cohabiting households receive less support.

_________ is the most common STI, but ________ is the most commonly reported STI.

Genital HPV; Chlamydia

Haruki and Akira are newlyweds living in their native Japan and expecting their first child. If typical, how will their life be compared to a couple in the United States?

Haruki and Akira have a lower chance of divorce.

Xixi, a member of the !Kung San people, is now 20 years old and looking for a wife. What strategy will be most effective for him?

Impress others with his hunting skills

Dr. Jordan, a sociologist, is researching the consequences of childcare struggles on parenting. As part of the research, she has gathered detailed information in person which included follow-up and clarification questions, from 100 subjects. The process has been time-consuming and expensive, but the information is valuable. Which research method did Dr. Jordan use?

In-depth interview

Maria and Pablo have been dating only a few months when they realize they are first cousins. What will prevent them from marrying?

Incest taboo

Which of the following statements about female genital cutting is FALSE?

It affects about 25 million women today.

Which of the following describes how structural functionalism views marriage?

It regulates behavior, roles, status, and inheritance.

Which of the following best characterizes marriage and family patterns in Japan?

Japan's birthrate is falling.

In which culture would you find the custom of bride wealth?

Kenya

Miranda and Kim met in college when they were roommates. Miranda's parents fell in love during college and have been married 30 years. Kim's parents had an arranged marriage and have been married for 30 years. Which of the following can be predicted?

Kim will expect love to develop slowly after commitment

Which perspective essentially believes in a market economy, but claims that economic and structural adjustments that place new demands on families without offering additional social supports.

Liberal

Morgan and Oscar are considering marriage, but think they should live together first as a test. Which of the following is the best advice for them?

Live together, but maintain financial independence and freedom, so you don't tire of each other.

According to social exchange theory, what is the most effective way to explain why one family would have one parent stay at home and another family would choose to have two parents working?

Logical decisions surrounding the strengths of each partner and the costs and benefits.

In which city would you most likely find paid maternity leave?

London

Which type of love is playful and carefree; lovers aren't possessive, and are more about fun and games than about commitment?

Ludus

According to World Systems Theory, what do core countries like the United States and Japan do to poorer countries?

Manipulate for profit

How do men and women love differently?

Men show love with actions rather than words or romance.

According to the world map, what region of the world has the harshest sexual orientation laws?

Middle East

According to World System Theory, what results when wealthy countries bring employment to poor nations to benefit from low wages and other resources?

More isolation of poor families in the poor country

Of the following statements, which is the best example of patriarchy in the United States?

Most women change their last name to that of their husbands' when they marry.

Which of the following managers would be likely to earn the most money?

NOT Chloe

Which of the following groups of people is most likely to identify as LGBT?

NOT Hispanic men who have high income and are not religious

Which accurate argument most effectively challenges the statement, AIDS is a disease of gay men.

NOT In the United States, most HIV patients are women who are drug users.

Which of the following statements about HIV/AIDS is TRUE?

NOT People no longer die of AIDS, but they can still contract HIV.

Which of the following statements about same-sex commitment and cohabitation is TRUE?

NOT There are very few differences between same-sex couples and heterosexual couples, and most of these differences are very small.

In the opening vignette, sociologist Charles Hirschman and Nguyen Huu Minh's research suggests

NOT cultural preference is easily destroyed by modernization.

In what context is a woman most likely to have an orgasm?

NOT manual and oral

With respect to dating,

NOT most gendered norms surrounding dating have been eliminated today.

If you were creating a society that allows for some control over reproduction for the sake of inheritance, which be the most effective strategy?

NOT polyandry

Amanda is a student, an employee, and a mother. When the photographer takes her picture, she is sitting in her study group studying for the midterm. Which of the following is accurate? Amanda's ________ is a student and her ________ is studying.

NOT role; status

Dr. Nguyen wishes to obtain qualitative information about parent-child interactions. He has time, but not much money for the research, but would like to obtain as detailed information as possible. What would be the more effective strategy to meet his needs?

Observation

Talin is getting married in his native India in a few days. He has not met his wife, but is sure that she will be a good wife, and they will live a happy life. He believes they will eventually find love. What belief precedes this attitude toward marriage?

Parents know best.

What is the fundamental value that underlies the sex imbalance in India?

Patriarchy leads to disvaluing females.

Which of the following is NOT an example of an agent of socialization.

Pets

What do families in Nyinba, Tibet practice in order to thrive in their environment, which is agrarian, harsh, and poor?

Polyandry

Mary and Jeff have been friends since high school and slowly their relationship has developed into a comfortable love and compatibility. Which style of love to Mary and Jeff represent?

Storge

Which most accurately explains the reason for the differences in marriage and family patterns between Sweden and India?

Sweden is more egalitarian.

Which of the following statements about slavery in the United States is TRUE?

The first Africans brought over to the United States were enslaved for a specified amount of time, and then were "free" and able to marry and purchase their own land.

Sociologist William J. Goode used existing data from several regions of the world including sub-Saharan Africa, India, China, Japan, and several countries in the Middle East to examine how industrialization and modernization affected family patterns, including such issues as mate selection, kinship, marital relationships, and divorce. What did he conclude?

There is a shift away from extended families.

Which of the following accurately assesses the similarities of structural functionalism and family systems?

They both focus on how families are structured.

Which of the following explains the belief of upper-class people in India about contact with a Dalits?

They will be contaminated.

Cris was born a male, but has always felt that he was really a female. He kept this secret for years, but finally, at the age of 32 decided to have a sex change operation. Which of the following best describes Cris?

Transsexual

Which of the following statements about immigration is TRUE?

While earlier waves of immigrants came primarily from Europe, today's immigrants come disproportionately from Mexico, Central America, and Asia.

Several possible explanations accounts for the pay differential between women and men. Which of the following statements is NOT one of these reasons.

Women are more likely to be unionized, so they have more benefits, but lower pay than do men.

In early colonial America, Matthew is courting Laura and allowed to spend the night in Laura's bed. This is because of a practice known as

bundling.

Kiara is writing a research paper looking at paternity leave practices in the United States, Sweden, France, and Brazil to more completely understand families. Her paper draws upon the ________ perspective.

comparative

In the United States, the conservative perspective would explain the increase in couples living together without being married as a result of

cultural and moral weakening.

Gender is constructed by

cultural patterns.

Professor Kua has been researching love and measuring levels of ________, which are chemicals that Ortigue (2010) found were released when a person falls in love.

dopamine, adrenaline, vasopressin, and oxytocin

Sociologists and other family scientists use a/an __________ approach in collecting and analyzing data so that they may describe some phenomenon, examine the factors that predict or are associated with some phenomenon, explain cause-and-effect relationships or provide insight into why certain events do or do not occur, and understand the meanings attached to behavior or situations.

empirical

Dr. Kua, a sociology professor, has assigned students the task of interviewing their living family members to obtain a complete history of significant family events. Dr. Kua has assigned a(n)

family reconstitution.

The __________ perspective looks at the family as a whole; where change in one part sets in motion a process to restore equilibrium.

family systems

A key concern fueling the abolition movement in the early nineteenth century involved ideas about

family.

Julio is a teacher, and therefore stands in front of the classroom. His occupation is his ________, and where he therefore stands is his _________.

function; behavior

A central focus of the feminist theory is on__________ issues.

gender

Sweden's child/family allowance demonstrates its support of

gender equality.

Susan B. Anthony is famous primarily for

helping women get the right to vote.

Relationships in which the partners are significantly different from one another on some important characteristic, such as age or level of education are called

heterogeneous relationships.

Nguyen and Phuong live in their native Vietnam and were just married. As shown in the opening vignette, tradition would dictate that they live with

his parents.

Family life changed considerably in the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries because of two critical factors: industrialization and

immigration.

Postponing childbirth among young woman

increases their likelihood of receiving a good education

Humor is a(n) ________ resilience factor.

individual

German sociologist Ferdinand Tonnies suggested that progressive loss of ________ is a result of industrialization and urbanization.

intimacy

Sociologist Dahl and Moretta's research suggests that couples around the world think that having a

male child makes marriages feel stronger

Olivia has been dating Toby for about a year. He keeps track of Olivia's activities and does not let her shop alone because he doesn't want her talking to other men. He is very concerned that she will find someone else and leave him. Toby style of love is

mania.

Cash welfare benefits in the United States would be an example of a(n) ________ program.

means tested

Which of the following is NOT listed by your text as functions of the family?

meet sexual desires

The problem of fistulas is related to

patriarchy in healthcare.

Rebecca is legally married to Dan, but Dan also has three other wives he married in a religious ceremony. Rebecca and Dan practice

polygyny.

What term refers to biological differences and one's role in reproduction?

sex

The belief that girls shouldn't plan to have sex because it makes them look promiscuous is a

sexual script.

Biochemical research on love

shows that different parts of the brain are used in different loving situations.

Looking at the ways divorce and pay inequities are linked to broader social patterns is an example of

sociological imagination.

Resiliency refers to

the capacity to rebound from adversity, misfortune, trauma.

Max Weber suggested that in more complex societies

the division of labor becomes more specialized for increased efficiency.

Traditionally, men have been allowed far more permissiveness in sexual behavior than have women, and this is known as

the double standard.

A candidate for U.S. president is promising a program that pays for 12 weeks of maternity leave for all women. To pay for this, the candidate proposes a tax rate of 45% on individuals earning more than $600K a year while leaving lower tax brackets at current levels. This candidate is proposing a ________ program supported by ________ taxation.

universal; progressive