soca exam 2 study guide

_____ theorists would be most likely to suggest that drug use is conditioned by the social structure of society, including inequalities of class, gender, race, and sexuality.

conflict

according to Pierre bourdiue, knowledge about music, art, and literature are examples of _____ capital

cultural

this concept suggests that working class and nonwhite fancies often lack cultural resources and arrive at school at a significant disadvantage as a result

cultural deprivation theory

According to lecture and the national assessment of adult literacy, _______ United States adults have below basic literacy levels

30 million

today about ______ percent of US prison inmates are black or latino

60 percent

all of the following factors helped to keep divorce rates low throughout the 19th and 20th centuries except

male incarceration rates

this refers to the tendency for women to marry men who are slightly older

marriage gradient

according to lecture, the funding gap between the highest income and lowest poverty districted in the United States was about ______ per classroom

$10,000

what percentage of divorces happen in the first five years of marriage?

20 percent

the most common form of violent crime in the US is

Aggravated assault

this legislation defined marriage as the legal union of one man and one woman for federal and interstate purposes

DOMA

the most prominent purposes of punishment are incapacitation, rehab, retribution, and ______

Deterrence

a ______ theorist would be most likely to study what happens to a person's sense of self as they transition from an addict to sober during recovery

Interactionist

compared to unmarried parents, married parents are:

less likely to begin parenting in their teens

____ states that when a community lacks clear structure and cohesion, it loses its inherent social controls and deviant behavior rises

Social disorganization theory

Compared to employees that do not abuse drugs, economists estimate that substance-using employees decrease productivity in all of the following ways EXCEPT:

They take longer breaks while at work

over the last 50 years, the percentage of Americans who are divorced has almost ______, and the percentage of never married has almost ______

Tripled, doubled

unmarried parents who are romantically involved but live apart are known as

Visiting union

pleading self-defense or insanity charged with a crime are both examples of a ______ defense

affirmative

reported violent and property crimes...

decreased from 1990 to today

functionalists do not believe meritocracy should guarantee _______, only that the role of schooling is to provide _____ to compete for unequal results

equal outcomes, equal opportunity

Nationwide, the number of reported violent and property crime has increased over the past two decades.

false

legalization refers to keeping criminal penalties but reducing their severity or removing some kinds of behavior from inclusion under the law

false

this theory views family as a set of subsystems defined by boundaries and striving toward social equilibrium

family systems theory

according to sociologists, ____ are people to whom one is not related by blood, marriage, or adoption but on whom one nonetheless depends

fictive kin

this school of thought is most likely to focus on how schools socialize students with appropriate values and sort and select them according to their abilities

functionalism

the argument that deuce use may increase in times of anomie, is most closely associated with which theoretical traditions

functionalist

Embezzlement and shoplifting would be considered _____ crimes by the FBI.

property

Rates of alcohol use are higher among the full-time employed, however, rates of heavy or binge drinking are higher among the unemployed.

true

according to the US Census, what is the definition of a household?

two or more people who are related to each other by birth, marriage, or adoption who share a living quarters