soca exam 2 study guide
_____ theorists would be most likely to suggest that drug use is conditioned by the social structure of society, including inequalities of class, gender, race, and sexuality.
conflict
according to Pierre bourdiue, knowledge about music, art, and literature are examples of _____ capital
cultural
this concept suggests that working class and nonwhite fancies often lack cultural resources and arrive at school at a significant disadvantage as a result
cultural deprivation theory
According to lecture and the national assessment of adult literacy, _______ United States adults have below basic literacy levels
30 million
today about ______ percent of US prison inmates are black or latino
60 percent
all of the following factors helped to keep divorce rates low throughout the 19th and 20th centuries except
male incarceration rates
this refers to the tendency for women to marry men who are slightly older
marriage gradient
according to lecture, the funding gap between the highest income and lowest poverty districted in the United States was about ______ per classroom
$10,000
what percentage of divorces happen in the first five years of marriage?
20 percent
the most common form of violent crime in the US is
Aggravated assault
this legislation defined marriage as the legal union of one man and one woman for federal and interstate purposes
DOMA
the most prominent purposes of punishment are incapacitation, rehab, retribution, and ______
Deterrence
a ______ theorist would be most likely to study what happens to a person's sense of self as they transition from an addict to sober during recovery
Interactionist
compared to unmarried parents, married parents are:
less likely to begin parenting in their teens
____ states that when a community lacks clear structure and cohesion, it loses its inherent social controls and deviant behavior rises
Social disorganization theory
Compared to employees that do not abuse drugs, economists estimate that substance-using employees decrease productivity in all of the following ways EXCEPT:
They take longer breaks while at work
over the last 50 years, the percentage of Americans who are divorced has almost ______, and the percentage of never married has almost ______
Tripled, doubled
unmarried parents who are romantically involved but live apart are known as
Visiting union
pleading self-defense or insanity charged with a crime are both examples of a ______ defense
affirmative
reported violent and property crimes...
decreased from 1990 to today
functionalists do not believe meritocracy should guarantee _______, only that the role of schooling is to provide _____ to compete for unequal results
equal outcomes, equal opportunity
Nationwide, the number of reported violent and property crime has increased over the past two decades.
false
legalization refers to keeping criminal penalties but reducing their severity or removing some kinds of behavior from inclusion under the law
false
this theory views family as a set of subsystems defined by boundaries and striving toward social equilibrium
family systems theory
according to sociologists, ____ are people to whom one is not related by blood, marriage, or adoption but on whom one nonetheless depends
fictive kin
this school of thought is most likely to focus on how schools socialize students with appropriate values and sort and select them according to their abilities
functionalism
the argument that deuce use may increase in times of anomie, is most closely associated with which theoretical traditions
functionalist
Embezzlement and shoplifting would be considered _____ crimes by the FBI.
property
Rates of alcohol use are higher among the full-time employed, however, rates of heavy or binge drinking are higher among the unemployed.
true
according to the US Census, what is the definition of a household?
two or more people who are related to each other by birth, marriage, or adoption who share a living quarters
