SOCI Exam 2 (CH 4)

Which of the following statements best illustrates the main point of the Thomas theorem?

"If you believe in yourself strongly enough, you will succeed."

The story of Piri Thomas growing up in Spanish Harlem involves __________ as a form of constructing social reality.

"street smarts"

Which of the following examples illustrates the concept of role strain?

A parent attempts to be a best friend to her child while still maintaining discipline over the child.

How do ascribed status and achieved status compare?

An ascribed status is assigned or involuntary, whereas an achieved status is largely earned.

Laura is an Asian American girl born to a young mother and adopted by a middle-aged African American couple. She is raised in relative wealth, attends college, and goes on to become a district attorney and now has a daughter of her own. Which of the following is an example of Laura's ascribed status?

Asian American

In the Thinking About Diversity: Race, Class, and Gender box, "Physical Disability as a Master Status," why is blindness sometimes classified as a master status?

Blindness can become the personal trait that others respond to more than any other.

Which statement about gender and people's "performances" in social situations is correct?

Men typically make use of more space than women when they act in a situation.

Which of the following statements about deception in social situations is correct?

Detecting deception involves carefully tracking all elements of a performance and looking for inconsistencies.

Which of the following statements best describes Erving Goffman's concept called "presentation of self"?

It is the efforts of a person to convey information to others and control the impressions that other people have of him or her.

The text explains that increasing use of social media in the United States has resulted in which of the following transformations?

Technology connects people in new ways and over distances but sometimes weakens ties among those who share physical space.

In dramaturgical analysis, the concept of "status" is comparable to what theatrical element?

a "part" or a character

Which of the following people is the most likely to experience role conflict?

a teenage mother who is still attending high school

Janie works as a flight attendant. While on the job, she smiles and talks cheerfully with travelers. Janie's actions are an example of __________.

an emotional script provided by an employer

The process of role exit typically begins as people __________.

begin to doubt their ability to continue in a certain role

Which of the following is not likely to operate as a master status?

being pretty average in relation to others around you

The text explores the roots of emotions and concludes that emotions have both a __________ and a __________ basis.

biological; cultural

How is humor created?

by contrasting conventional and unconventional reality

Because many cultural systems are marked by cultural diversity, reality construction usually involves __________.

choices and tensions

We experience role __________ when we find ourselves pulled in various directions as we try to respond to the many statuses that we hold.

conflict

When added to a word, the suffixes -ette and -ess usually __________.

devalue the word

Tact is an important and widely used element of everyday interaction because __________.

embarrassment creates discomfort for everyone

When people's partners and friends define situations in specific ways and encourage them to experience specific feelings, they are providing people in these situations with what sociologists call __________.

emotional scripts

Piri Thomas's clever and courageous effort to gain social acceptance by fighting gang leader Waneko demonstrates the validity of the Thomas theorem because __________.

he acted in a worthy way and so he became worthy in the eyes of the other boys

Which of the following statuses is an example of an achieved status?

honor roll student

The share of housework that is the responsibility of women decreases as a nation's __________ increases.

level of economic development

A(n) __________ status, which can be a matter of race, extreme poverty or wealth, or physical disability, often shapes a person's entire life in terms of identity.

master

A person's hands, face, and body are all used in the process of __________.

nonverbal communication

Achieved status is typically based on __________.

personal effort

Comedians create an "inside" joke by __________.

requiring the audience to "fill in" the reality construction with their own knowledge

Using dramaturgical analysis, a __________ is like a script in a play, supplying dialogue and action.

role

Erving Goffman's concept of dramaturgical analysis involves studying __________ in terms of theatrical performance.

social interaction

Members of every society rely continuously on __________ to make sense of all everyday situations.

social structure

A person who is a parent, a student, and a waiter can be said to have a(n) __________.

status set

Happiness, surprise, and fear are examples of __________.

universal emotions

Martha works part-time doing house cleaning and watches her ten-year-old niece in the mornings. At night she takes courses at the local community college in hopes of receiving her MA degree in business. Which of the following terms correctly describes Martha's status set?

worker, aunt, student