Social 30-2 Unit 2 Vocabulary

Human rights

Basic rights to which all people are entitled as human beings

John Stuart Mill

Believed in the freedom of the individual, including women, capitalism and government support when needed in society.

Equal opportunity

A chance to compete for rewards in society but you are not guaranteed equal rewards.

Communism

A classless society in which all people share in the production of goods and no government is needed.

Bourgeoisie

A communist term for business class who control the money in a capitalist society.

Proletariat

A communist term for the workers or lowest class in a capitalist society.

Aboriginal self-government

A demand by Aboriginal groups that they govern themselves rather than being controlled by the Canadian government.

Haudenosaunee Confederacy

A democracy of six First Nations peoples based on a constitution called the Great Law of Peace.

Feminism

A female political movement for gender equality with men and the right to vote.

Brinkmanship

A foreign policy plan that threatens war in response to any enemy aggression.

Expansionism

A foreign policy plan where powerful countries expand their power by taking or controlling other nations.

Dictatorship

A form of government in which the leader has total control and power.

Equal opportunity

A government policy of treating citizens and employees equally without discrimination.

Universal health care

A health care system in which all citizens receive medical services paid for by taxes.

Assimilation

A minority culture losing their identity and becoming part of the majority culture.

Cold War

A nonviolent conflict between the US and USSR which never resulted in a direct war hot war.

Industrialization

A period of rapid improvements in machines to manufacture goods.

Korean War

A proxy war fought by communist supported North Korea and democratic supported South Korea.

Eugenics

A science focused on improving the human race by preventing bad genes from being passed on by sterilizing or killing undesirable people.

Industrial Revolution

A series of improvements in industrial machines that transformed the process of manufacturing goods.

Class system

A society where people are divided into groups based on a person's wealth and job which also affects how much they are valued.

Welfare state

A society where the government takes care of citizens through a publicly funded social system.

Universal Declaration of Human Rights

A statement from the United Nations declaring all humans have a right to life and liberty.

Ideological conflict

A struggle between two different sets of beliefs and values like capitalism and communism.

Great depression

A ten year global economic crisis starting with the crash of the US stock market in 1929.

Iron Curtain

A term used to describe the seperation of democratic and communist countries in Europe after WWII.

Proxy War

A war between two countries that are supported like puppets by more powerful nations that are enemies.

Second World War

A world wide war from 1939 to 1945.

Government intervention

Actions taken by the government to control or change the economy.

Nazism

An ideology based on racism, extreme nationalism and loyalty to the state led by a dictator who stops all dissent and directs the capitalist economy.

Fascism

An ideology based on ultranationalism and blind loyalty to the state led by a dictator who eliminates dissent and directs the capitalist economy.

Communism

An ideology in which the government owns all property and controls all areas of life in a country.

Environmentalism

An ideology that focuses on protecting the Earth instead of using it to make money.

Collectivism

An ideology that places the needs & goals of the collective before any individuals.

Leninism

An ideology that promotes a strong political party led by a leadership group who takes over and controls society even if it doesn't support socialism.

Marxism

An ideology that promotes a worker led bloody revolution against capitalism and wants a classless society without a need for a government which will be called communism.

Stalinism

An ideology that promotes total government control over a collectivist society and economy with a violent dictator making all decisions.

Social Darwinism

An ideology that suggests only the fittest should survive in the world and therefore the strongest have a right to rule the weak.

Democratic socialism

An ideology that supports democracy and promotes government control of the economy to make things equal in society..

Liberalism

An ideology that supports individual liberty and equal opportunity for all people.

Utopian socialism

An ideology trying to peacefully create a perfect world based on socialism and equality.

Vladimir Putin

He is the president of Russia and is moving the country from a capitalist democracy to a more totalitarian state with him as dictator.

Adam Smith

He wanted a free-market economy, competition, individual freedom and no government control.

Land holding

Historical Aboriginal rights to land they traditionally used and lived upon.

Distribution of wealth

How wealth is divided among citizens in the economy either in a capitalist or communist system.

Aboriginal rights

Human and land rights denied to Aboriginal people in Canada.

Aboriginal collective thought

Putting the needs of the community before the needs of individuals in their tradiotional culture.

Social programs

Services provided by government and paid for through taxes to increase economic equality and promote well-being of citizens.

Income Gap

The difference in income between rich & poor people.

Mutually assured destruction

The fear that any country that uses nuclear weapons to attack another nation will also be destroyed by nuclear weapons.

Rule of law

The idea that nobody is above the law and even those who govern must follow the law.

Supply and demand

The price of goods rise and falls depending on how many people want it and on how is available.

Standard of living

The quality of life a person can afford on their paycheck.

Modern liberalism

Supports individual freedoms and is capitalist but with more government control in the economy and in society for the benefit of everyone.

Deterrence

The Cold War foreign policy of building a massive army and deadly nucleaur weapons to scare off other countries from attacking you.

Dissent

To publicly disagree with your government or political party.

Enfranchisement

Giving the right to vote to groups of people.

Labour standards

Government rules aimed at protecting workers rights and safety.

Indian Act

A Canadian law that defined the special status of Indians, but made many rules to control their lives and slowly assimilate them.

Bolsheviks

A Marxists political party led by Lenin who took over Russia during a bloody revolution in 1917.

Laissez-faire capitalism

Adam Smith's liberal economic system based on a free market and a hands off government that doesn't interfere in the economy.

Cost of living

Amount of money required in a society to pay for the basic things that people need to live.

Containment

An American plan to use economic support to bribe countries into choosing capitalism over communism.

Marxism

An Ideology that promotes a working class violent revolution against the business owners & an equal classless society.

Socialism

An Ideology that promotes more government control in the economy to make sure things are equal and fair for everyone in society.

Collective security

An agreement by a group of nations to defend each other in case of an attack on any member.

Laissez-faire capitalism

An economic policy allowing private businesses to develop without government control.

Mercantilism

An economy where nations try to gather as much gold as possible by controlling trade and creating colonies.

Luddities

British workers fighting against industrialization and machines taking their jobs.

Residential Schools

Canadian government schools run by christian churches that tried to assimilate Aboriginal children.

Modern Liberalism

Capitalism mixed with a welfare state where the government plays a bigger role in helping people.

Pro-democracy movements

Citizens protesting in countries that are controlled by dictatorships or totalitarian governments that demand a change to democracy.

Monopoly

Complete control of the entire supply of goods or service in a market by one person or business.

Sphere of influence

Control over smaller or weaker countries by a more powerful nation or superpower.

Hitler

Dictator of fascist Nazi Germany who started world war two.

Capitalism

Economic free market, competition, profit motive and private ownership of business with no government control.

Subsistence agriculture

Farming just enough food to feed the farmer's family which leaves no extra food to be sold for money to other countries.

Limited government

Government's power is controlled by laws and individual freedoms are supported by a constitution.

Liberal democracy

Focused on individual's freedom and their ability to vote for government leaders that allow a free-market economy.

Imposition

Forcing something on people whether they want it or not.

Liberation movements

Freedom movements in countries that are controlled by dictatorships or totalitarian governments.

Diplomacy

Negotiations between countries.

Labour unions

Organized groups of workers trying to improve working conditions & wages for workers.

Détente

Reducing the tension and disagreements between powerful countries during the Cold War

Civil disobedience

Refusing to follow a government decision or law because you believe it unfair or wrong.

Doukhobors

Russian religious group who moved to Canada for freedom and only follow God's law rather than the government's law.

Treaty rights

Special rights given to Aboriginal peoples when they signed treaties with the Canadian government to allow us to use their land.

Non-alignment

When a country refuses to join either the US or USSR alliances during the Cold War.

Ping Pong Diplomacy

Using a sporting event between enemies to begin talking to each other during the cold war.

Classical Liberalism

Values individual freedom, capitalism, no government control and the rule of law.