Social Psychology Chapter 9

9.3 Outline the five essential steps to a prosocial response in the emergency and note at ehat point help may be given

- 1. Noticing or not that something unusual is happening - 2. Correctly interpreting an Even as an emergency - 3. Deciding its your responsibibilty to provide help - 4. Deciding you have the knowledge or skills to act - 5. Making the final decision to help Step five is the point help may be given

9.5 Nature of empathy, how it develops, why people are more likely to help those of their own group

- Emotional reactions that are focused on others - Consist of affective and cognitive responses to another person's emotional state

9.4 Situational factors that can either help or inhibit helping

- Similarity and Responsibilty - (people tend to help those they like, those who are not responsible for the problem, Exposer to prosocial models increase prosocial behavior) - Gratitude

9.6 Social exclusion, darkness, and economic value may influence helping behavior

- Social exclusion ... individuals feel that they have been excluded and prosocial behavior requires you to feel included. Reduce helping

9.1 State, define, and contrast the six key models or hypotheses of why we engage in prosocial behavior

Empathy- Alturism- prosocial acts are motivated by th desire to help someone in need. (unselfish) Negative-State Relief- Help because it reduces our own negative emotions Empthic joy- Helping others is an accomplishment and in turn rewards in and of itself Competitive Altruism- helping others boost reputation, reps large benefits Kin selection theory- Help others with our same genes Defensive Helping - Help by putting them down (selfish) to help own group

9.2 Analyze how the murder of Kitty Genovese led to a greater understanding of when and why a person may (or may not ) choose to help in an emergency

The more bystanders, the less any one of them feels responsible to act