Social Psychology Exam 3
Which of the following is not one of the five steps to helping proposed by Latane and Darley?
Invoke the norm of reciprocity
Which of the following best illustrates aggression?
Monica kicks Joey in the sins to keep him from eating the last bagel
Who conducted the initial research on stereotype threat
Claude Steele
The primary distinction between altruistic and egoistic helping concerns the
motivations of the helper
With reference to sex-related psychological differences it is important to keep in mind that
none of the above
Recent research on the effects of education on prejudice suggests that
students who take a course on race and ethnicity are buffered from becoming more prejudice
You think all professors are uncoordinated, but then you see your psychology professor make a diving catch in an intramural softball game. You maintain your original stereotype of professors as uncoordinated by deciding that this one individual is an exception to the rule because she is a "young athletic professor." This is an example of
subtyping
While outside enjoying the sunshine, charlene happily gives directions to a lost tourist. Charlene's willingness to help a stranger is most likely influenced by
the good mood effect
All of the following are mechanisms that perpetuate stereotypes except
the jigsaw classroom
The contact hypothesis posits that intergroup contact will lead to a reduction in prejudice. Name two important conditions that will increase the likelihood of this effect.
Any of the following: 1. Members of different groups should have about the same social status. 2. There should be opportunities for sustained close contact. 3. Norms that favor equality should be made apparent. 4. The groups should have to work together for mutual benefit (superordinate goals).
A group that is invulnerable to stereotype threat is White men
False
Blowing off steam by engaging in safe but aggressive activities (such as sports) makes people less likely to aggress later
False
Someone asks you to explain why it is that women have a hard time finding their cars in the parking lot, while men don't have that problem. What is the first question you should ask?
Is there actually evidence for this supposed difference?
Laura is a stock-broker. A staff meeting, she is very direct and assertive. When she calls to check on her young son who is sick at home, she is very gentle and nurturant. When she has coffee with a close friend, she is playful and self-disclosing. Which gender theory best accounts for Laura's various behaviors?
Self-presentation theory
Imagine a room full of people, most of whom agree that dogs are more masculine and cats more feminine. From a social psychological perspective, their agreement would be due to
Shared gender schemas
Explain what stereotype threat is and provide an example. What are two ways that stereotype threat can be overcome.
Stereotype threat occurs when group memberships becomes salient and there is a negative stereotype associated with the group in question.
Based on what you've learned in this course, list three methods of reducing aggression
There are many. Examples are: Reduce negative affect (e.g., frustration) Make it more possible for people to obtain what they want through noaggressive means. Keep weapons (and weapons cues) out of the environment. Keep the environment as comfortable as possible (e.g., not too hot) Teach nonviolent responses, encourage thinking before action, for intergroup aggression, create superordinate goals, Reduce and clean up vandalism, reward prosocial behaviors, reduce violence in the media, and educate people about media effects, Educate people, especially children, about the effects of violence, reduce alcohol intake, provide social support and social programs, especially for people who are poor, communicate effectively.
Two people are placed in a room and are provoked to feel anger toward one another. Which of the following is most likely to happen if there is a weapon in the room?
There is a greater likelihood that they will behave aggressively toward one another than if there was no weapon
According to the original formulation of the frustration-aggression hypothesis, the need to aggress in response to frustration is a psychological drive
True
Primates, such as chimpanzees, appear to have the capacity for an empathic response that underlies helping
True
Name two types of social behavior for which there is evidence of a gender difference, stating the direction of the difference. (e.g., men do "x" more)
Women are more susceptible to social influence and persuasion. Women are more concerned with physical appearance Women are more skilled at nonverbal communication Women facilitate interpersonal communication more than men. Women tend to be the socioemotional facilitators in small groups. Men are found to be more altruistic in certain kinds of situations, women in others Males are more likely to be physically aggressive Women are less likely to engage in social loafing
Marty watches his older brother get rewarded for acting non-aggressively after being provoked. According to social learning theory, Marty is subsequently likely to
act less aggressively himself
Research on the link between media violence and aggression has demonstrated that
all forms of media violence appear to increase aggressive behavior
In experiments, male participants who view violent erotic material
are more accepting of interpersonal violence against women
Which of the following would be the most effective way for a person to get help in an emergency situation
ask a specific individual for help
Instinct theories have had little scientific influence because they depend too much on
circular reasoning
Intentional behavior with the goal of simply inflicting harm on another is ________ aggression, whereas intentional behavior that has as its end some other goal is __________ aggression.
hostile/reactive; instrumental/proactive
Mugging someone who is well-dressed because you need money would best be an example of
instrumental aggression
Realistic conflict theory proposes that
intergroup hostility arises from competition among groups for scarce but valued resources
As compared to feelings of personal distress, empathic concern
involves concern for others rather than concern for oneself
Orin nearly collided head-on with another car. After swerving out of the way at the last minute, Orin could feel his heart racing and his hands shaking. A few minutes later he arrived home. Just as he walked in, he received a phone call from a salesperson. Orin quickly became verbally abusive toward the salesperson. This outcome is most consistent with the concept of
physiological arousal and misattribution
Right-wing authoritarianism is
positively related to prejudice
Ezekiel's ethnographic research suggests that
prejudice is likely to thrive in an environment of hopelessness and impoverishment
Stereotypes, prejudice, and discrimination are
problematic worldwide
City dwellers may be less likely to help someone in need of assistance due to
urban overload