Social Psychology Exam 3

Which of the following is not one of the five steps to helping proposed by Latane and Darley?

Invoke the norm of reciprocity

Which of the following best illustrates aggression?

Monica kicks Joey in the sins to keep him from eating the last bagel

Who conducted the initial research on stereotype threat

Claude Steele

The primary distinction between altruistic and egoistic helping concerns the

motivations of the helper

With reference to sex-related psychological differences it is important to keep in mind that

none of the above

Recent research on the effects of education on prejudice suggests that

students who take a course on race and ethnicity are buffered from becoming more prejudice

You think all professors are uncoordinated, but then you see your psychology professor make a diving catch in an intramural softball game. You maintain your original stereotype of professors as uncoordinated by deciding that this one individual is an exception to the rule because she is a "young athletic professor." This is an example of

subtyping

While outside enjoying the sunshine, charlene happily gives directions to a lost tourist. Charlene's willingness to help a stranger is most likely influenced by

the good mood effect

All of the following are mechanisms that perpetuate stereotypes except

the jigsaw classroom

The contact hypothesis posits that intergroup contact will lead to a reduction in prejudice. Name two important conditions that will increase the likelihood of this effect.

Any of the following: 1. Members of different groups should have about the same social status. 2. There should be opportunities for sustained close contact. 3. Norms that favor equality should be made apparent. 4. The groups should have to work together for mutual benefit (superordinate goals).

A group that is invulnerable to stereotype threat is White men

False

Blowing off steam by engaging in safe but aggressive activities (such as sports) makes people less likely to aggress later

False

Someone asks you to explain why it is that women have a hard time finding their cars in the parking lot, while men don't have that problem. What is the first question you should ask?

Is there actually evidence for this supposed difference?

Laura is a stock-broker. A staff meeting, she is very direct and assertive. When she calls to check on her young son who is sick at home, she is very gentle and nurturant. When she has coffee with a close friend, she is playful and self-disclosing. Which gender theory best accounts for Laura's various behaviors?

Self-presentation theory

Imagine a room full of people, most of whom agree that dogs are more masculine and cats more feminine. From a social psychological perspective, their agreement would be due to

Shared gender schemas

Explain what stereotype threat is and provide an example. What are two ways that stereotype threat can be overcome.

Stereotype threat occurs when group memberships becomes salient and there is a negative stereotype associated with the group in question.

Based on what you've learned in this course, list three methods of reducing aggression

There are many. Examples are: Reduce negative affect (e.g., frustration) Make it more possible for people to obtain what they want through noaggressive means. Keep weapons (and weapons cues) out of the environment. Keep the environment as comfortable as possible (e.g., not too hot) Teach nonviolent responses, encourage thinking before action, for intergroup aggression, create superordinate goals, Reduce and clean up vandalism, reward prosocial behaviors, reduce violence in the media, and educate people about media effects, Educate people, especially children, about the effects of violence, reduce alcohol intake, provide social support and social programs, especially for people who are poor, communicate effectively.

Two people are placed in a room and are provoked to feel anger toward one another. Which of the following is most likely to happen if there is a weapon in the room?

There is a greater likelihood that they will behave aggressively toward one another than if there was no weapon

According to the original formulation of the frustration-aggression hypothesis, the need to aggress in response to frustration is a psychological drive

True

Primates, such as chimpanzees, appear to have the capacity for an empathic response that underlies helping

True

Name two types of social behavior for which there is evidence of a gender difference, stating the direction of the difference. (e.g., men do "x" more)

Women are more susceptible to social influence and persuasion. Women are more concerned with physical appearance Women are more skilled at nonverbal communication Women facilitate interpersonal communication more than men. Women tend to be the socioemotional facilitators in small groups. Men are found to be more altruistic in certain kinds of situations, women in others Males are more likely to be physically aggressive Women are less likely to engage in social loafing

Marty watches his older brother get rewarded for acting non-aggressively after being provoked. According to social learning theory, Marty is subsequently likely to

act less aggressively himself

Research on the link between media violence and aggression has demonstrated that

all forms of media violence appear to increase aggressive behavior

In experiments, male participants who view violent erotic material

are more accepting of interpersonal violence against women

Which of the following would be the most effective way for a person to get help in an emergency situation

ask a specific individual for help

Instinct theories have had little scientific influence because they depend too much on

circular reasoning

Intentional behavior with the goal of simply inflicting harm on another is ________ aggression, whereas intentional behavior that has as its end some other goal is __________ aggression.

hostile/reactive; instrumental/proactive

Mugging someone who is well-dressed because you need money would best be an example of

instrumental aggression

Realistic conflict theory proposes that

intergroup hostility arises from competition among groups for scarce but valued resources

As compared to feelings of personal distress, empathic concern

involves concern for others rather than concern for oneself

Orin nearly collided head-on with another car. After swerving out of the way at the last minute, Orin could feel his heart racing and his hands shaking. A few minutes later he arrived home. Just as he walked in, he received a phone call from a salesperson. Orin quickly became verbally abusive toward the salesperson. This outcome is most consistent with the concept of

physiological arousal and misattribution

Right-wing authoritarianism is

positively related to prejudice

Ezekiel's ethnographic research suggests that

prejudice is likely to thrive in an environment of hopelessness and impoverishment

Stereotypes, prejudice, and discrimination are

problematic worldwide

City dwellers may be less likely to help someone in need of assistance due to

urban overload