Social Research

Which of the following would a sociologist be LEAST likely to study? quiz 1

Why Mr.Smith quit his job

Sam wants to prepare a short report on his research for an academic journal. He simply wants to tell the audience about his findings. The most appropriate form for his report is

a research note

Which of the following is NOT an essential component of informed consent? quiz 4

a statement that once begin participation, they cannot quit

William Robinson, a sociologist, found that during the 1930s there was a positive relationship between the literacy rate and percentage of the population that was foreign born. If you concluded on this basis that your neighbor, Yasmin, who is a foreign-born resident, has a higher literacy rate than other native-born residents, you would be commiting the

ecological fallacy

Ruth puzzles over a report that claims that women are more likely to vote for Democrats than men. She puzzles because her best friend, Joan, always votes Republican. Ruth is guilty of using which of the following false criteria for nomothetic causality?

exceptional cases

if a researcher wanted to know why there was a noticeable increase in the number of burglaries in the town of southpaw during 2005, the researcher would design a (n)

explanatory study

A good research report should read like a good novel

false

Everyone agrees that Tom's research does NOT inflict physical harm on subjects. Tom is pleased by this conclusion because it means that he no longer has to be concerned with the issue of harm to subjects.

false

Nomothetic reasoning is more useful than idiographic reasoning

false

Once people are told that their participation in research study is voluntary, their are no ethical problems

false

Theo is excited because he received a grant from the National Institute of Health to conduct his study. As an undergraduate he is an exempt from bringing his research before his schools IRB

false

a good summary quickly reviews every specific finding

false

a journal article should always be read from the beginning

false

in deduction we start from observed data and develop a generalization that explains the relationship between the observed concepts

false

only names, birth dates, and social security numbers and considered identifiable data

false

research designs are descriptive, explanatory, or exploratory never more than one

false

social scientists are totally objective in their research

false

the aim of a report may be exploration, description or explanation but never action

false

the deductive model tends to be linked to theory development and inductive model to theory testing

false

the independent variable must occur later in time than the dependent variable

false

the traditional model of science uses inductive logic

false

you must always have a fully developed theory before begining observation

false

The attributes (values) of the variable "college class level" include:

first-year, sophomore, junior, senior

a(n) __ is a testable statement about a relationship between two variables

hypothesis

Pregnant at age 15, Tammy decided to have her baby. Her parents were upset with her decision and threatened to "cut her off" if she did not complete high school. A difficult pregnancy and embarrassment resulted in Tammy's dropping out of school. After the baby was born her parents said that they would raise the baby but that she would have to leave the house. At age 16 Tammy was on her own and without any money or job market skills. She began to work as a prostitute. This explanation of Tammy's prostitution is:

idiographic

One of your friends scored in the 90's on her last ten exams. Although she has been studying for this exam and feels prepared, she told you, "I know i'm going to flunk this exam. I've been doing too well on exams." Your friend is committing error of

illogical reasoning

Professor Root was studying the arrest rates for drunken driving in urban and rural areas of Ohio. It was found that the arrest rate was higher in the rural areas. Professor Root concluded that people who live in rural areas are more likely to drive while intoxicated than are people who live in urban areas. Root's conclusion

illustrates the ecological fallacy

Sally begins to think about the grades she receives for class participation. Recalling her prior semester she writes down that she received a 10/10 from Dr. Smith and a 9/10 from Dr. Baxter, 4/10 from Dr. Cagney, 3/10 from Dr. Wiley and 10/10 from Dr. Dona. Examining the list she realizes that she spoke a lot in classes with Smith, Baxter and Dona and very little in her other two classes. She also notices that the classes in which she spoke have female instructors and that she rarely spoke in the two classes with male instructors. She then begins to list all her college courses, the gender of the professor and whether or not she spoke in class. She notices that she tends to speak in classes where the professor is female and rarely speaks when the professor is male and that her class participation grades are higher when she speaks more. Sally is using

inductive reasoning

___ is a norm in which subjects base their voluntary participation in research projects on a full understanding of the possible risks involved

informed consent

which of the following is NOT a characteristic of cross-sectional study?

it concentrates on the charges that take place among specific sample over a period of time

Which of the following subjects anything published to a peer-review process?

journal article

which of the following is NOT an aim of social science?

judging social values

In doing research, researchers make every effort to collect data from a Representative sample to make sure that their research has

measurement validity

After examining divorce court records, Jenny concludes that Moms are more likely than Dads to obtain custody of their children. This type of statement is

nomothetic and probabilistic

The distinction between quantitative and qualitative data in social research is essentially the distinction between

numerical and non-numerical data

which of the following is the best example of hypothesis?

older people vote more conservatively than do younger people

Professor Stone designs a study to examine the effect of a teenage pregnancy on the career choices of the teens. Stone interviews a sample of teenage women during their pregnancy, after the birth, and one year later. Stone is using a:

panel study

a model of scheme for helping us organize and interpret the world is referred to as a

paradigm

Which of the following statements is FALSE about the purpose of the literature review? Literature reviews should:

point out general agreements and minimize the disagreements among previous researchers.

a typical report begins with a(n)

purpose and overview statement

Jenny decided to read an article published in Law and Society Review. Babbie would urge her to begin reading the article by: Quiz 2

reading the abstract

Ethical obligations of ones colleagues in the scientific community

require the technical shortcomings and failures of the study be revealed

in which of the following scenarios would confidentiality be the the LEAST concern?

secondary data analysis

The analysis of deviant cases--cases that do not fit the general pattern--helps guard against

selective observation

while doing research on crime Professor Middler notes that crime creates jobs in law enforcement and related careers. He also notices that crime reinforces community norm s when criminals are caught and punished. professor Middler has probably adopted the __ approach to the study of crime

structural functionism

Which of the following variables would be of the LEAST ethical concern to IRB when they try to protect participants in a study?

subjects age

In comparison to nonscientific inquiry, scientific inquiry:

takes special precaution to avoid error

In Sweden, there is a very strong correlation between the number of storks and the number of babies born. However, both of these variables are associated with region (rural vs. urban). This illustrates:

that there is no causal relationship between the number of storks and the number of babies

the PRIMARY ethical research issue raised by the Milligram study was

the effects of the methods on the "teachers"

Mr. Rodgers talked to several people around him and found that older people tend to be happier. If he conclude that old adults are happier than younger adults, he would be committing:

the error of over generalization

a researcher examined newspaper editorials that focused on the Patriots Act. She examined the editorials published in the major newspapers in major cities in the Unites States. The Unit of Analysis was

the newspaper editorials

Methodology is best described as:

the science of finding out

Epistemology is best described as

the science of knowing

If a researcher was conduction a study to investigate a women's age affects their attitudes toward abortion, the unit of analysis would be

the woman

ethical issues are distinguished from political issues in research in that

there are no formal codes of accepted political conduct whereas there are codes of ethical conduct

Tyler finds that in burglary cases male and female jurors are equally likely to vote to acquit. Tyler should conclude that:

there is no relationship between gender and verdict in burglary cases.

The ability to have two different, conflicting ideas in one's mind simultaneously without denying or dismissing either of them is known as

tolerance for ambiguity

Descriptive research answers the question "whats so?" and explanatory research answers the question "why?"

true

The basis of knowledge is agreement

true

The nomothetic model of causal analysis lends itself to hypothesis testing.

true

The norm of voluntary participation threatens the social research goal of generalizibility

true

all of our experiences are inescapably subjective

true

in the traditional scientific method, the first step is developing a theory

true

political issues tend to focus on substance and the use of research

true

scientific inquiry is a process involving an alternation between deduction and induction quiz 3

true

some websites advocate particular political, religious, social or other points of view

true

the ecological fallacy refers to drawing the conclusions about individuals based solely on the observations of groups Quiz 5

true

Professor King examined all the reasons given by 100 couples for their marriages. In the final research report, King listed all the reasons given by the 200 people for their marriages. Professor King is:

using an idiographic explanation for marriage

Professor Smith decides to track the dating behaviors of college students throughout their college careers. She decides to begin her research using introductory class. After explaining the study, she assures students that their responses will be kept confidential. The students complete her survey during class. He research most clearly impinges on

voluntary participation

if you are looking to find a website with reputable trustworthy information for research project, which suffix should you focus on?

.edu

After consulting factory records, Research P finds that factories with higher proportions of male workers are more likely to be union shops. P concludes that in future research on union activism, the focus should be on male individuals. What methodological error has P committed?

Ecological Fallacy

which of the following techniques of data collection is MOST likely to make a gaurentee

Face-to-face interviews

If an exception is found to a sociological pattern, the pattern is invalid

False

When names are removed from questionnaires and are replaced with identification numbers so that only the researcher can later link a response to a name, the researcher should tell the respondent that the information is

confidential

Professor Willard was interested in examining whether countries with higher GNP's tend to have more gangs than countries with lower GNP's. Willard's unit of analysis was:

countries

Which of the following is NOT suggested by Babbie for citing internet materials?

Cite the author and title for published journal articles only

By itself, the 2000 Census exemplifies a __________ study that when compared to another decennial census could be considered a _________ study.

cross-sectional; trend

Steve had a hunch that female students were more punctual than males in the classes that he taught. So, he began to keep track for a week in each class, how many male and female students came in after the class was scheduled to begin. His results supported his hypothesis. Steve is using

Deductive Reasoning

the topic of surrogate mothers interested in Professor Snyder. Snyder read the available materials on the topic and wanted to develop an age,education, and income profile of the women who serve as surrogate mothers in the United States. To develop this profile Snyder should undertake a(n)

descriptive study

Which hypothesis predicts a negative relationship between two variables?

as income increases, the prevalence of obesity decreases.

which of the following does NOT harm subjects, or imply LESS harm, in a survey research?

asking them to provide demographic information

Chen is beginning a research study in which he has an idea of what he's looking to find, but is letting his own observations shape the specifics of his theory. What approach is he taking to constructing his research?

Grounded theory

Which of the following statements is FALSE regarding University IRBS

IRBS must review all research, no exclusion

which of the following statements is FALSE concerning data on the web?

Information that is placed on the web is typically screened for accuracy

Which of the following is NOT an aim of social science?

Judging social values

A literature review serves to

Lay the groundwork for your research

Using data collected between 2004 and 2005, from 15000 adults, Professor Rodgers found that the average level of happiness reported by people under 65 years of age was lower than that reported by people age 65 and older.

Levels of happiness

As students we learn that studying hard causes good grades. Such cause and effect are __ in nature

Probabilistic

Female, ages 18-25, brown hair, and teacher are examples of:

attributes

Fred's biology teacher told him about the "birds and the bees." By relying on his biology teacher's explanation, Fred relies on ______ as a way of knowing.

authority

Using data collected between 2004 and 2005, from 15000 adults, Professor Rodgers found that the average level of happiness reported by people under 65 years of age was lower than that reported by people age 65 and older. Which of the following is a variable in this study?

age

Which of the following is NOT a suggestion used for evaluation a website?

all (who is the author of the website?, are the data up-to-date?, does the site give accurate and complete references?)

Which of the following is NOT Considered as a principle for research ethics?

all of the choices

many researcher find their research question from

all the above

the purposes of reviewing literature include

all the above

Our attempts to learn about the world we live in come from:

all the above (direct experience,tradition,direct,personal inquiry)

A good research question

all the above (should address important social problems/issues, should make significant contribute to our scientific knowledge of the social world, should be feasible ethical)

Abstracts

all the above( should give you idea as to whether you'll want to read the rest of the article, should give you a framework for reading the rest of the article, may raise questions in your mind regarding methods or conclusion

safe guards against error in social research include:

all the choices (making observations more deliberate, replications under slightly varying circumstances, the use of simple and complex measurement devices)

Which of the following is not plagarism?

all the choices illustrate plagiarism (using another writes exact words without using quotation marks, taking passage of eight or more words without a citation,paraphrasing another's words and presenting those as your own)