Sociology 101 chap 1-4

13. This sociologist developed the functional perspective theory of society, which views society as an organism with various parts that each have a function to perform. Erving Goffman W.E.B. Du Bois Robert Merton Karl Marx

Robert Merton

13. If your status has more than one role associated with it, then you have a _____. Role set Role conflict Role strain Role exit

Role set

13. Dr. Sondheim believes that all mental illness is caused by an imbalance of chemicals in the brain, and thus the only effective treatment is medication. Which stage of society most fits with Dr. Sondheim's view of mental illness? Empirical Metaphysical Emotive Theological Scientific

Scientific

1. According to Karl Marx, _____ was the deciding principle of social life. self identity government self impression social class

Social Class

5. Choose the sociological theory that views society as a system of groups that are not equal, with these groups consistently generating conflict and change. Social conflict theory Feminism Structural-functional theory Group dynamics

Social conflict theory

4. Sociologist often study _____. This includes the structures that influence daily life, such as religious groups, schools, political organizations and families. Generational gaps Loss of natural rights Organizational psychology Social institutions

Social institutions

14. Comte believed in approaching the study of sociology through a perspective called 'positivism.' Which statement below best defines Comte's concept of 'positivism'? Sociologists should study society for the main purpose of improving particular regions. When societies are studied, only 'positive' correlations should be considered valid; 'negative' correlations are not valid. Sociologists should study society for the main purpose of improving individual people's lives. When sociologists are faced with social problems such as poverty or racism, they should avoid being discouraged and focus on the positive aspects of life. Societies are based on scientific principles and laws, thus they should only be studied scientifically.

Societies are based on scientific principles and laws, thus they should only be studied scientifically.

25. Macionis identified four ways that sociology can help personal growth. Which of the following is NOT one of the four ways he identified? Sociology encourages us to appreciate diversity. Sociology emphasizes that democracy is the best form of government. Sociology helps us think critically about our culture. Sociology helps people see opportunities and challenges.

Sociology emphasizes that democracy is the best form of government.

23. Ethnography should be used when a researcher is _____. Researching the effect of divorce on college graduation Comparing test scores of two groups of students Studying how members of a community cope with a tragic event Determining the proper length of time to devote to the study of sociology Assessing satisfaction among employees at different factories

Studying how members of a community cope with a tragic event

17. You are designing a study examining whether different local pronunciations of words change the way people interpret the meaning behind those words. Which sociological theory would you be concerned with? Symbolic interactionism theory Feminism Structural-functional theory Social conflict theory Parallel universe theory

Symbolic interactionism theory

22. Historically, manufacturing changed from being done in small-scale shops to large, industrialized factories. Analyze the reason why sociologists are interested in this scenario. The industrialization of manufacturing turned small towns into large cities, changing how people lived and worked. The industrialization of manufacturing allowed products to be created quickly, reducing costs and increasing supply. Sociologists would not be interested in this. The industrialization of manufacturing led to the reduction of small businesses and made entrepreneurship more difficult.

The industrialization of manufacturing turned small towns into large cities, changing how people lived and worked.

20. According to Max Weber, how would an informal channel of communication affect an organization? The organization's potential success would be hindered. The organization would be more authoritative. The organization would be more productive. The organization's structure would become more rigid.

The organization's potential success would be hindered.

25. Dr. Patel does an experiment in which she shows people either a happy movie, a sad movie, or no movie in a classroom. Then, she asks them to fill out a survey assessing their feelings about whether they want to adopt a pet from the animal shelter. In this experiment, what was the control group? The people who watched no movie The people who watched the sad movie The group of pets who are currently in the animal shelter The larger population of people who live in that town The people who watched the happy movie

The people who watched no movie

7. Positivist sociology is most likely to use _____. Semi-structured interview protocols The scientific method Qualitative research Naturalistic inquiry

The scientific method

Comte's positivism approach, which is the belief that societies have their own scientific principles and laws, is representative of which of his three stages of society? The metaphysical stage The vertical stage The scientific stage The theological stage

The scientific stage

19. Which of the major perspectives in sociology is most likely to examine social problems such as political arguments between the rich and the poor? The structural-functional perspective The symbolic interactionism theory The functional conflict perspective The feminism perspective The social conflict perspective

The social conflict perspective

12. Jorge's town is hit by a tornado, and he believes it is because the god of weather is upset at the villagers. Which stage of society most fits Jorge's view of this event? Empirical Scientific Theological Emotive Metaphysical

Theological

15. Which set of terms below correctly identifies Comte's three stages of society, in chronological order from earliest to latest? Scientific, qualitative, quantitative Metaphysical, empirical, scientific Theological, metaphysical, scientific Metaphysical, scientific, theological Empirical, rational, emotive

Theological, metaphysical, scientific

20. Why are theories important in social sciences? Theories help us see overall themes across many specific types of behaviors or decisions. Theories prevent conflict in society. Theories allow us to control behavior. Theories explain how to repair problems in society. Theories can prove why people make certain decisions.

Theories help us see overall themes across many specific types of behaviors or decisions

4. Which of the answer choices best defines what 'mores' are? They are a cultural subset not readily accepted by dominant culture. They are norms that dictate morally right or wrong behavior. They are norms that dictate appropriate behavior for casual interactions. They are another word for symbols, or something that stands for something else.

They are norms that dictate morally right or wrong behavior.

19. Which of the following statements is true about interpretivist sociologists? They think that Max Weber's theories were incorrect. They recognize the importance of people's interpretations of the world. They want to change the world without recognizing the importance of people's interpretations. They are mostly focused on using the scientific method.

They recognize the importance of people's interpretations of the world.

23. Select the answer that contains the original meaning of the word 'manufacturing.' To make something by hand. To train individuals on how to generate an object. To understand factual information. To gather the materials needed for construction.

To make something by hand.

10. Which of the following choices are most closely connected to the assessment of the quality of a research study? Cronbach's alpha and interrater reliability Reliability and member checks Validity and reliability Criterion and construct validity

Validity and reliability

16. Which of the following statements best describes post-modern society? We are currently living in this society. It is preoccupied with media images and consumer goods. It has a high use of technology. It is a society that is service-centered. It has an economic system based on the processing of information. This society is focused on producing goods using advanced sources of energy. This society, which evolved from the early hunter and gatherers, is completely settled. It relies on large-scale farming and animal herding for sustenance.

We are currently living in this society. It is preoccupied with media images and consumer goods. It has a high use of technology.

11. All of the following questions are considered appropriate for the field of sociology to study, EXCEPT: What are the motivations that cause a political minority group to try to achieve more social power? Why do some cultures find racism acceptable, while others do not? Why did a married man have an affair after ten years of marriage? How does religion influence the political nature of a particular society?

Why did a married man have an affair after ten years of marriage?

2. Family, schools, peer groups, and mass media are all examples of _____ of socialization. norms agents relationships methods

agents

11. Identify the item that represents the most accurate statistical representation of a positive correlation coefficient. < 1 +0.24 -0.75 > 1

+0.24

29. Imagine you are looking at a graph that shows a correlational line moving from the bottom left corner of the graph to the upper right corner. Which correlation coefficient below would best represent the pattern of data while remaining within the possible range of correct calculations? -2.78 -0.83 0.00 +0.72

+0.72

30. Which one of the following coefficients indicates the strongest relationship between two variables while remaining within the possible range of correct calculations? 0.00 -2.78 +4.50 -0.83

-0.83

16. Which of the following research goals would most likely suggest the use of a cross-sectional research design? A laboratory scientist analyzes the long-term effect of different supplements to prepare a product efficacy report for a local distributor A research scientist desires to gather information about long-term learning outcomes among students attending a particular afterschool experimental program over a five-year period A doctoral student wants to measure the effects of two different teacher training programs offered at a particular high school to collect satisfaction data for her dissertation A pollster desires to conduct a one-time study where she interviews citizens of five local counties to gather views on the quality of the educational system

A pollster desires to conduct a one-time study where she interviews citizens of five local counties to gather views on the quality of the educational system

14. Which of the following research designs would be considered experimental? A researcher immerses herself in a cultural group to better understand traditions An evaluator observes a teacher's classroom to provide constructive feedback A researcher creates multiple groups for comparative purposes A researcher closely examines one group to gather information

A researcher creates multiple groups for comparative purposes

15. Which of the following items best describes a situation where a case study research design is most appropriate? A researcher desires to closely examine a particular group's experience with the healthcare system based on a single case A researcher wants to collect data on standardized test performance from students over a four-year period A pollster wants to prepare a national survey to collect data on energy consumption levels A researcher desires to collect a nationally representative sample of freshmen student experiences

A researcher desires to closely examine a particular group's experience with the healthcare system based on a single case

1. Which of the following examples represents a clustered sample in an experimental design? A teacher prepares student assessment reports for all students in her classroom A researcher studying college attendance and sports preference prepares a sample group of Texas residents from the population based on her residency in that state A physician works with one patient to gather data about her experiences with a particular medication An internet poll presents a simple survey to people across the country to uncover dining preferences

A researcher studying college attendance and sports preference prepares a sample group of Texas residents from the population based on her residency in that state

6. Select the example that demonstrates the best application of critical sociology by a research sociologist. A sociologist uses existing smoking data in large cities to lessen the number of smokers in the U.S. A sociologist observes elementary students on the playground to better understand group dynamics A sociologist employs a simple survey design to collect data on community relations in a particular city A sociologist engages a group of first-year college students to better explain campus integration patterns

A sociologist uses existing smoking data in large cities to lessen the number of smokers in the U.S.

10. What is an ascribed status? A person's standing within his or her society, typically determined by wealth and education. The status that has the most impact on your social identity A status that you earn or choose to take on, reflecting your abilities and efforts. A status you are born with or that you take on involuntarily

A status you are born with or that you take on involuntarily

1. Which of the following statements concerning family as an agent of socialization is accurate? Families are considered the most important agent of socialization. Families give us our first system of values and beliefs. All of the answer choices are correct. Parents and other family members teach us about close relationships and group life.

All of the answer choices are correct.

2. All of the following statements concerning Karl Marx and his works and ideas are true, EXCEPT: He believed that social class determined a person's social life, and that the people who owned modes of production would control the lower working class. All of the answer choices are true. He disagreed with capitalism because he believed it would lead to a wider gap between the rich and poor. The revolutions he hoped for in large industrial countries such as Germany did not occur due to factors like the development of labor unions.

All of the answer choices are true.

7. Which of the general groups below would be considered a 'social institution' by most sociologists? U.S. State Senators Republicans The local school board

All of the answers are correct.

26. A school principal wants to conduct an experiment that involves the distribution of a questionnaire. She has only enough copies for half of the students. She decides who will participate by pulling names out of a hat and choosing ten students from each of the four grades in the school. What constitutes the population of this experiment? Only the students who actually participate All of the students in the school Watch correct answer The teachers of the school The students who are not chosen to participate Only the first ten students she chooses

All of the students in the school

4. Which of the following choices represents an appropriate context to employ an ethnographic research design? Understanding the cultural application of certain traditions Gaining a better understanding of cultural norms All of these choices represent an appropriate application of an ethnographic research design Uncovering group dynamics and social interactions

All of these choices represent an appropriate application of an ethnographic research design

3. We can study how ancient cultures compare to modern cultures because of this sub-field of anthropology. Telemetry Modernity Mythology Archaeology

Archaeology

22. How would Durkheim describe modern societies? As more restitutive. As more restrictive. As more organized. As more punitive. As more homogenous

As more restitutive.

8. Select the item that does NOT fit within the tenets of positivist sociology. Developing a hypothesis to help explain a particular outcome Asking participants to interpret an event through the use of interview protocols Observing trends through a scientific lens The use of surveys and statistical analysis

Asking participants to interpret an event through the use of interview protocols

5. Which of the following items best fit within the practice of interpretivist sociology? Digital survey design tools Asking people to provide their views on community relations Quantitative analyses software programs The procedure of hypothesis testing

Asking people to provide their views on community relations

16. Which famous theorist actually coined the term sociology in 1838? August Comte Emile Durkheim Karl Marx Max Weber C. Wright Mills

August Comte

14. Which of the following individuals is most likely experiencing role exit? Barbara, who is retiring after teaching at the local college for 30 years. Carol, a doctor who has to juggle the needs of both her patients and the residents she teaches. Nick, a lawyer who is struggling to meet the demands of the partners at his firm, his clients, and opposing counsel. Patty, who is running a small business and attending night school at the same time.

Barbara, who is retiring after teaching at the local college for 30 years.

8. This sociologist believed that knowledge was the crucial element to social change, and that it is the job of social scientists to connect individual problems with greater social issues in order to create changes that would solve these problems. Charles Cooley Karl Marx C. Wright Mills Herbert Spencer

C. Wright Mills

17. Dr. Goldberg does a study in which he observes Jerome, a child who has been identified as having a rare disorder. Jerome is the only subject in the study. Which type of research design is Dr. Goldberg using? Quasi-experiment Field study Survey study Experiment Case study

Case study

7. This sociologist developed a theory of self referred to as the looking glass self, which basically states that our self-image comes from both our own self-reflection and what others think of us. Karl Marx C. Wright Mills Charles Horton Cooley Herbert Spencer

Charles Horton Cooley

22. A group of researchers want to make sure that any results they find in a particular group of participants would also be true for other people, in other places, in studies with other researchers. If a study can do this, we can say that the study has a high level of _____. ecological validity reliability face validity internal validity external validity

external validity

6. In sociology, ''theories'' are attempts to explain why _____ choose to perform certain actions and how _____ function or change in a certain way. groups of people; societies politicians; voting blocks individuals; experiences professors; students

groups of people; societies

6. According to sociologist Charles Horton Cooley, it is through _____ that we begin to develop a sense of self. primary groups religion socialization true consciousness

primary groups

21. The measure or assessment of consistency of scores across time or different contexts is called _____. reliability ecological validity internal validity face validity external validity

reliability

9. A major structure, made up of groups or ideas that influence people's daily lives, views of the world, or integration into society, is called a _____. social institution culture religion population

social institution

21. A study investigating the best way for a local school to work with the local city council, with both entities working toward the common goal of an educated population, would most likely be approached from the _____. parallel universe theory perspective feminism perspective structural-functional theory perspective symbolic interactionism theory perspective social conflict theory perspective

structural-functional theory perspective

24. Harriet Martineau was known as _____. the first woman sociologist the first sociologist to use the observational method a prominent capitalist the greatest contributor to social reform

the first woman sociologist

8. Sociology is defined as _____. the systematic study of human society, culture, and relationships on a group level the study of how human society and culture have evolved over time the empirical study of human society, culture, and relationships on an individual person's level the quantitative study of human society, culture, and relationships on a group level

the systematic study of human society, culture, and relationships on a group level

24. A researcher wants to make observations and conduct interviews with patients on a particular floor of a local hospital. What type of access would the researcher need? Covert Confidential Closed Open Informed consent

Closed

3. _____ are guidelines we use to determine how we should behave in any given situation. Emotions Cultural norms Social roles Cultural subsets

Cultural norms

17. A city's roads and a living body's circulatory system are both examples of what kind of system? Regulative system Darwinist system Sustaining system Distribution system

Distribution system

11. All of the following are examples of an ascribed status EXCEPT: Nobility Education Race Sex

Education

11. This sociologist viewed society through the symbolic interaction perspective, which looks at the normal, everyday behavior and interactions between individuals to understand society. Harriet Martineau Robert K. Merton Erving Goffman C. Wright Mills

Erving Goffman

3. Which of the following research designs is most compatible with using qualitative research methods designed to observe people in their natural environments? Ethnography Correlations and causal effects Quantitative research methods, such as use of digital software programs Simple surveys

Ethnography

18. Mr. Freeman randomly gives half of the children in his class an extra dessert over the lunch hour; the other half gets no dessert. After lunch, he tests the children's levels of resentment toward each other. Which type of research design is Mr. Freeman using? Cross-sectional Quasi-experiment Case study Experiment Longitudinal

Experiment

26. According to Karl Marx, which of the following attitudes is behind the mindset of I and me? Selfishness Individuality Class consciousness False consciousness Collective

False consciousness

18. A recent news item mentions a study showing that though more women than men go to college, men are still more likely to earn doctoral degrees than women. Which theoretical perspective in sociology would be most likely to address an issue such as this one? Structural-functional theory Social conflict theory Feminism Symbolic interactionism theory None of the listed choices

Feminism

3. This sociologist believed that sociologists should not only study the issues surrounding society, but also do something about them. S/he also implemented an observational method of research. Harriet Martineau C. Wright Mills Robert K. Merton Karl Marx

Harriet Martineau

9. This sociologist used Darwin's theory of evolution to explain how society was comparable to a living organism that evolves and changes over time. Karl Marx Herbert Spencer Emile Durkheim Max Weber

Herbert Spencer

5. _____ culture includes the values and norms that a culture claims to have, whereas _____ culture includes the values and norms that a culture actually follows. Perspective; real Real; ideal Ideal; norm Ideal; real

Ideal; real

26. When did both the American and French Revolutionary wars have a large impact on theoretical development within the early stages of sociology as a field? In 1600s In 1800s In 1700s In 1500s

In 1700s

18. According to Erving Goffman, how does the presentation of self compare to the way a person performs in a theater? In both situations there is a front stage and a back stage. People will act the same way in public as when they are in private. The presentation of self and a person's performance in a theater are not similar. In a theater's performance people need to act one way in public and another way backstage, but in the presentation of self, people always act the same way. In both situations there is a front stage and a back stage. People and actors will act one way in public and another way in private.

In both situations there is a front stage and a back stage. People and actors will act one way in public and another way in private.

29. Cooley is one of the founders of which sociological perspective? Interactionist Perspective Feminist Perspective Structural-Functionalist Perspective Social-Conflict Perspective

Interactionist Perspective

27. Why can we say that Durkheim's theory had predictive powers? It analyzed social and economic changes, and could tell if suicide rates would rise or fall. It explained why and how suicide occurred in big cities. Its conclusions showed a probing observation of social and economic forces. It investigated the causes of suicide thoroughly. None of the answers are correct.

It analyzed social and economic changes, and could tell if suicide rates would rise or fall.

9. Which statement best describes why evidence for reliability across time in a research study is important? It establishes that findings will remain the same when different groups of people conduct the same research. It establishes that findings are consistent over a long period, allowing researchers to make accurate conclusions. It isn't. You can make more reliable predictions about future findings based on a single study. It uses qualitative research to suggest quantitative research constructs that can predict future events.

It establishes that findings are consistent over a long period, allowing researchers to make accurate conclusions.

23. Why did Karl Marx compare religion to an opiate? It was full of myths and lies. None of the answers are correct. It could become an addiction. It gave people a false feeling of security.

It gave people a false feeling of security.

12. Which of the following statements best describes what the dramaturgical approach is? It is when people change their behaviors depending on who they are interacting with. It is a person's effort to create specific impressions about themselves in another person's mind. It is when a person alters his behavior to influence what someone thinks of him. It is analyzing and studying human behavior in terms of theatrical performance.

It is analyzing and studying human behavior in terms of theatrical performance.

7. Which of the following answer choices best describes what impression management is? It is when we downplay our negative qualities so others will not notice them. It is when we manipulate our facial expressions, gestures, and tones to control what others think of us. It is our attempt to control what others think of us. It is when we exaggerate our positive qualities so others will think highly of us.

It is our attempt to control what others think of us.

27. Which of the following is true of qualitative research? It is practically impossible for the researcher to remain impartial. All of these are true. It can be easy to identify variables to use in calculation. It is easy for the researcher to remain impartial. It provides an analysis that tells us about the relationship between variables.

It is practically impossible for the researcher to remain impartial.

13. Which study design is best suited to allow a researcher to follow a group of people over time? Case study Literature review Longitudinal Cross-sectional

Longitudinal

12. Physical creations, such as clothing, tools, and architecture, are all examples of what? Material culture Ascribed culture Nonmaterial culture Cultural necessities

Material culture

19. According to C. Wright Mills, which of the following is the definition of a public issue? Any element within society that does not meet the needs of the people. An individual problem that lies within a person's skills and character. Matters that transcend the individual and are linked to broader elements in society. A group protesting some element of society.

Matters that transcend the individual and are linked to broader elements in society.

15. In a hunter/gatherer society: Members are completely settled, live in societies of large populations, and hunt game or gather vegetation for food. Members are completely settled and use advanced technology on their farms. Members are nomadic. Some individuals hunt large game while others gather vegetables or berries. Members engage in small-scale farming, use simple tools, and are semi-settled.

Members are nomadic. Some individuals hunt large game while others gather vegetables or berries.

9. Impression management, idealization, and nonverbal communication are all examples of what? Methods of presenting the self Stages of identity formation Methods of communicating without words How people communicate in groups

Methods of presenting the self

8. _____ is the use of anything other than words to communicate. It includes things like facial expressions, postures, gestures, and vocal tones. Nonverbal communication Idealization Symbolic communication Self expressive communication

Nonverbal communication

10. _____ is when a large population is divided into smaller structural units and there's a high level of interdependence among individuals and structures. Mechanical solidarity Anomie Organic solidarity Bureaucracy

Organic solidarity

21. Jose grew up in a society that was not completely settled and that relied primarily on the resources readily available from their animals. He grew up in which of the following types of societies? Pastoral society Agricultural society Horticultural society Hunters society

Pastoral society

12. What type of correlation is suggested by the following example: As the quantity of hours studied increases, a student's grade point average increases? No relationship A causal relationship Negative correlation Positive correlation

Positive correlation

20. Which primary theoretical perspective in sociological research relies the most upon empirical evidence and the scientific method? Positivist sociology Critical sociology Androcentric sociology Interpretative sociology

Positivist sociology

25. Joe is currently doing an internship at an advertising agency. Identify what a manifest function of this scenario is. Preparing for a future career. Creating primary social groups. Finding a future spouse. Stimulating the economy.

Preparing for a future career.

2. A researcher is working in the Arctic and attempting to collect numerical data on ice cap melting rates based on seasonal temperature changes. What type of research is she performing? Quantitative Qualitative Mixed methods Random assignment

Quantitative

28. The U.S. Census is an example of _____. Quantifiable research Quizzative research All of these are correct. Quantitative research Qualitative research

Quantitative research

30. Du Bois was the first person of color to achieve which of the following? Receiving a PhD from Harvard University Being awarded the Nobel Peace Prize Working as an editor for the New York Times Becoming president of Atlanta University

Receiving a PhD from Harvard University

14. All of the following are society types identified by Gerhard Lenski EXCEPT: Pastoral Hunters and gatherers Industrial Ancient

Ancient

17. All of the following are theoretical approaches that sociologists use to analyze culture EXCEPT: Structural-functional theory Cultural norm theory Social conflict theory Sociobiology theory

Cultural norm theory

26. Which perspective promotes the idea that right and wrong are culturally defined instead of universal? Biased relativism Ethnobias Cultural relativism Ethnocentrism

Cultural relativism

22. Which of the following answer choices best describes what a person experiencing role strain is going through? Her role demands from her various statuses are causing her stress and conflict. She is occupying multiple statuses and playing the roles that are attached to each one. Her role demands from one single status are causing her conflict or stress. She is redefining her relationships with others and establishing a new identity.

Her role demands from one single status are causing her conflict or stress.

27. How does dramaturgical analysis describe the study of human social interaction? It explains how we attempt to control the impressions and opinions that other people have of us. It happens all the time as we attempt to control how others see us. It explains that every social status we have is like a part in a play, and the role associated with that status serves as our script, giving us direction on how to behave and what to say on stage. It explains how we use anything other than words to communicate something. It explains how and why we tend to exaggerate our positive qualities.

It explains that every social status we have is like a part in a play, and the role associated with that status serves as our script, giving us direction on how to behave and what to say on stage.

20. Which of the following answer choices best describes what a counterculture is? It is a subculture shared by society's most elite. It is a type of subculture that strongly opposes elements of dominant culture. It is a subculture that promotes diversity and celebrates cultural differences. It is the dominant subculture shared by the majority of society.

It is a type of subculture that strongly opposes elements of dominant culture.

28. Multiculturalism differs from the American concept of a cultural melting pot in that: Multiculturalism is an excuse to not learn English or assimilate into the dominant culture Multiculturalism focuses on maintaining separate cultural traditions and customs rather than blending them Multiculturalism asserts that cultural differences do not exist because America is one culture Multiculturalism is the sociological term for the melting pot metaphor

Multiculturalism focuses on maintaining separate cultural traditions and customs rather than blending them

21. Which of the following individuals are most likely experiencing role conflict? Karen is having a hard time with the fact that the small bakery she has owned for 30 years is going out of business next month. Cathy, a dentist, has to play one role in relation to her patients and another in relation to her employees. Sally feels stressed by the demands of running her own business, raising three young children, volunteering at the animal shelter, and helping her aging mother every weekend. Bob, an accountant, is feeling overwhelmed by the demands of his boss, coworkers, and clients.

Sally feels stressed by the demands of running her own business, raising three young children, volunteering at the animal shelter, and helping her aging mother every weekend.

19. All of the following are examples of subcultures EXCEPT: Popular culture Counterculture Singular culture High culture

Singular culture

16. Individuals who grow up in _____ are not socialized and do not know how to interact or behave around people. Sociological distress Sociological apathy Social isolation Social immobilization

Social isolation

23. All of the following statements about socialization are true, EXCEPT: Nearly all of the behavior that we consider to be 'human nature' is actually learned through socialization. Socialization only occurs during childhood. Through socialization, we learn how to walk, talk, and feed ourselves. Through socialization, we learn about social expectations.

Socialization only occurs during childhood.

18. Which of the following statements best describes the structural-functional theory of analyzing culture? Society is viewed as a complex, interconnected system, and culture functions as the structure in society that exists to meet human needs. Laws and norms reflect the interests of the more powerful members of society. Cultural traits always benefit certain members of society over others. Culture is both socially constructed and affected by human biology.

Society is viewed as a complex, interconnected system, and culture functions as the structure in society that exists to meet human needs.

15. What is role conflict? When role demands from a single status cause a person stress. When an individual encounters stress from leaving an important social status. When a person's actual role differs greatly from her expectations of it. When role demands from different statuses conflict with each other and cause a person stress.

When role demands from different statuses conflict with each other and cause a person stress.

28. To Marx, the wealthy or capitalists were known as the _____ socialists elites upper class controllers proletarians bourgeoisie

bourgeoisie

5. A _____ is an organization with a well-defined formal hierarchy and chain of command, with competence rather than personality as the basis for job appointment. gesellschaft corporation bureaucracy gemeinschaft

bureaucracy

One way to reframe the big social/political change that occurred when our society changed from one of lords versus peasants, to one of rights and representation, is to say we shifted away from a _____ society. discriminatory class-based ad hoc worker-based

class-based

10. People who have a career directly helping to improve people's lives using sociological concepts are _____. social workers social psychologists empirical sociologists clinical sociologists

clinical sociologists

4. W.E.B. Du Bois developed the idea of _____, which explained what it was like for black people living in a white world. dramaturgy double consciousness racial consciousness double impression

double consciousness

6. Jennifer, who has lived in the United Kingdom her whole life, recently visited France for the first time. She thinks that her culture is superior to French culture, which she finds to be strange. This is an example of _____. racism ethnocentrism cultural relativism cultural idealism

ethnocentrism

30. A crown and a tiara both represent royalty in many cultures. These are two examples of _____. symbols values folkways mores

symbols

25. Jackeline is taking five college courses. She is very stressed because she needs to study for two tests on Monday and three tests on Tuesday. Jackeline is experiencing _____. role tension role strain role conflict role exit

role strain

24. Our _____ defines who we are in relation to others. social status master status prestigious position social role

social status

29. A population in which people interact and share common interests is called a _____. society city town nation

society