Sociology 101 Final

Deviance is defined as

the recognized violation of cultural norms

Digital Divide refers to

the uneven access to technology around race, class, and geographic lines

A spurious correlation can be defined as

two variables change together but neither one causes the other

Prostitution is widely regarded as one example of a

victimless crime

Max Weber claimed that social position was based on a person's

wealth, power, prestige

What is the term for crime committed by persons of high social position in the course of doing their jobs

white-collar crime

How many people in the world suffer from chronic hunger that leaves them less able to work and places them at high risk of disease

1.4 billion

What makes Native Americans unique as a subordinate group in the United States

D. They are the only group that did not come here as immigrants

What is ageism?

Discrimination based on age

That McDonald's is found in almost every country around the world is an example of

Globalization

Marriage

Legally sanctioned relationship, usually involving economic cooperation (sexual activity and child-bearing)

"Personal space" refers to

The surrounding area to which an individual makes some claim to privacy

Family

a social institution found in all societies that unites people in cooperative groups to care for one another, including any children

What are some of the reasons you should be concerned with the incredibly large and awesome group defined as the "baby-boomers"?

all of the above

A major advantage of using existing data is:

all of the above are correct

Based in part of Harlow's study regarding social isolation

all of the above are correct

Bureaucracy is a type of social organization characterized by

all of the above are correct

Caste systems

all of the above are correct

One reason to oppose letting prostitution be a matter of personal choice involving two adults is that

all of the above are correct

Status can be defined as

all of the above are correct

What traits have been described as a "female advantage"

all of the above are correct

Which of the following are considered a function of humor

all of the above are correct

Which of the following factors affect social class standing in the US

all of the above are correct

Which of the following illustrates the "medicalization of deviance"

all of the above are correct

Which of the following is a function of deviance noted by Emile Durkheim

all of the above are correct

Which of the following statements regarding social mobility in the US is true

all of the above are correct

Why did most white ethnic Americans come to the US

all of the above are correct

When people model themselves after the members of peer groups they would like to join, walking the walk and talking the talk, they are

anticipatory socialization

A hate crime is defined as

any criminal act motivated by racial or other bias

sociologists define a symbol as

anything that carries meaning to people who share a culture

You would be expressing a "stereotype" if you

apply a simplified description to every person in some category

John Jones is a teenager and a son. These social positions are best described as

ascribed statuses

John jones is a teenager and a son. These social positions are described as

ascribed statuses

While prejudice is a matter of _____, discrimination is a matter of _____

attitude, action

That class system is

based on birth an individual achievement

institutional prejudice and discrimination refers to the fact that

bias is built into the operation of social institutions

Race refers to ___ considered important by a society, ethnicity refers to

biological traits, cultural traits

A maximum security prison is one example of a

coercive organization

Subculture refers to

cultural patterns that set off a part of a society's population.

What is the term for the beliefs, values, behavior and material objects that, together, constitute a people's way of life?

culture

Experiencing discomfort and fear when confronted with a strange way of life or culture is called

culture shock

The concept of "global economy" refers to

economic activity that moves across national borders

A person who criticizes the Amish farmer as being "backward" for tilling his fields with horses and a plow instead of using a tractor is displaying

ethnocentrism

The most influential agent in socialization is the

family

To study the effects of fast food on lifestyle, health, and culture, from which group would a researcher ethically be unable to accept funding?

fast-food restaurant

The gender-conflict approach can be best described as

focusing on the inequality and conflict between men and women

___are rules about everyday, casual living; ___are rules with great moral significance

folkways, mores

To evaluate a theory using evidence, sociologists

gather data or facts

What terms refers to an invisible, yet real, barrier that prevents many women from rising beyond middle-management positions

glass ceiling

A social-conflict approach to sports would be an analysis of

how sports reflect social inequality

The power of the mass media in the socialization process has:

increased over time due to the advent of technology

Cultural change is set in motion in three general ways. They are

invention, discovery, and diffusion

As bureaucracy and computer technology have spread throughout U.S. society, privacy

is threatened as never before

The concept "retrospective labeling" refers to

labeling someone's past based on their present deviance

Which type of leader tends to downplay their position and power, allowing the group to function more or less on it's own

laissez-faire

The recognized and intended consequences of a social pattern are referred to as

manifest functions

Roughly 40 to 45 percent of the U.S. population falls within the largest social class, which is the

middle class

According to the social-conflict approach, what a society labels as deviant is based mostly on

patterns of inequality and who has more power

Cooley used the term "looking glass self" to refer to

people see themselves as they think others see them

Stanley milligram's research in which subjects used a "shock generator" showed that

people were surprisingly likely to follow orders of not only "legitimate" authority figures, but also ordinary individuals-even if it brought "harm" to others

The fact that your cell phone is using outdated technology within a year or two of purchase is an example of

planned observance

Cultural patterns that are widespread among a society's population are referred to

popular culture

Which is NOT a theoretical approach to culture?

post-industrial information

Capitalism is defined as

private ownership of business for profit to individual

Social stratification is a concept that refers to

ranking categories in a hierarchy

Which of the following concepts refers to a social group that people use a point of reference in making evaluations or decisions?

reference group

"Crime" differs from "deviance" in that crime

refers to a violation of norms enacted into law

Which of the following concepts refers to the process by which people disengage from important social roles?

role exit

The postindustrial economy is defined by

service work and computer technology

Our political, economic, medical, and educational systems can be best described as

social institutions

Which of the following concepts refers to the lifelong social experience by which human beings develop their potential and learn culture?

socialization

cultural lag can best be defined as

some parts of cultural system change faster than others due to technology

Which of the following statements does NOT describe a distinctive characteristic of a total institution?

staff members encourage individual growth of personality

Role strain can best be described as

stress that occurs when too much is required of a single role

You're interested in collecting in depth information about how people develop their political views. the research method you should use is

survey research using interviews

a nation's flag is considered a

symbol

According to Irving Janis, "groupthink" is defined as

tendency of group member to conform to narrow view of some issue

Cyberfeminism can be defined as

the application to and promotion of feminism online

The structural-functional approach is concerned with

the consequences of social patterns for the operation of society

which of the following is the most important "primary group"

the family

What does the sociological perspective show us about our choice of mate

the operation of society, and it's rules, guide many of our personal choices

Solomon Asch's research, in which subjects were asked to match line, showed

the power of group members to generate conformity

The basic idea of the symbolic-interaction approach is that society is

the reality people construct as they interact with one another