Sociology 101 Final
Deviance is defined as
the recognized violation of cultural norms
Digital Divide refers to
the uneven access to technology around race, class, and geographic lines
A spurious correlation can be defined as
two variables change together but neither one causes the other
Prostitution is widely regarded as one example of a
victimless crime
Max Weber claimed that social position was based on a person's
wealth, power, prestige
What is the term for crime committed by persons of high social position in the course of doing their jobs
white-collar crime
How many people in the world suffer from chronic hunger that leaves them less able to work and places them at high risk of disease
1.4 billion
What makes Native Americans unique as a subordinate group in the United States
D. They are the only group that did not come here as immigrants
What is ageism?
Discrimination based on age
That McDonald's is found in almost every country around the world is an example of
Globalization
Marriage
Legally sanctioned relationship, usually involving economic cooperation (sexual activity and child-bearing)
"Personal space" refers to
The surrounding area to which an individual makes some claim to privacy
Family
a social institution found in all societies that unites people in cooperative groups to care for one another, including any children
What are some of the reasons you should be concerned with the incredibly large and awesome group defined as the "baby-boomers"?
all of the above
A major advantage of using existing data is:
all of the above are correct
Based in part of Harlow's study regarding social isolation
all of the above are correct
Bureaucracy is a type of social organization characterized by
all of the above are correct
Caste systems
all of the above are correct
One reason to oppose letting prostitution be a matter of personal choice involving two adults is that
all of the above are correct
Status can be defined as
all of the above are correct
What traits have been described as a "female advantage"
all of the above are correct
Which of the following are considered a function of humor
all of the above are correct
Which of the following factors affect social class standing in the US
all of the above are correct
Which of the following illustrates the "medicalization of deviance"
all of the above are correct
Which of the following is a function of deviance noted by Emile Durkheim
all of the above are correct
Which of the following statements regarding social mobility in the US is true
all of the above are correct
Why did most white ethnic Americans come to the US
all of the above are correct
When people model themselves after the members of peer groups they would like to join, walking the walk and talking the talk, they are
anticipatory socialization
A hate crime is defined as
any criminal act motivated by racial or other bias
sociologists define a symbol as
anything that carries meaning to people who share a culture
You would be expressing a "stereotype" if you
apply a simplified description to every person in some category
John Jones is a teenager and a son. These social positions are best described as
ascribed statuses
John jones is a teenager and a son. These social positions are described as
ascribed statuses
While prejudice is a matter of _____, discrimination is a matter of _____
attitude, action
That class system is
based on birth an individual achievement
institutional prejudice and discrimination refers to the fact that
bias is built into the operation of social institutions
Race refers to ___ considered important by a society, ethnicity refers to
biological traits, cultural traits
A maximum security prison is one example of a
coercive organization
Subculture refers to
cultural patterns that set off a part of a society's population.
What is the term for the beliefs, values, behavior and material objects that, together, constitute a people's way of life?
culture
Experiencing discomfort and fear when confronted with a strange way of life or culture is called
culture shock
The concept of "global economy" refers to
economic activity that moves across national borders
A person who criticizes the Amish farmer as being "backward" for tilling his fields with horses and a plow instead of using a tractor is displaying
ethnocentrism
The most influential agent in socialization is the
family
To study the effects of fast food on lifestyle, health, and culture, from which group would a researcher ethically be unable to accept funding?
fast-food restaurant
The gender-conflict approach can be best described as
focusing on the inequality and conflict between men and women
___are rules about everyday, casual living; ___are rules with great moral significance
folkways, mores
To evaluate a theory using evidence, sociologists
gather data or facts
What terms refers to an invisible, yet real, barrier that prevents many women from rising beyond middle-management positions
glass ceiling
A social-conflict approach to sports would be an analysis of
how sports reflect social inequality
The power of the mass media in the socialization process has:
increased over time due to the advent of technology
Cultural change is set in motion in three general ways. They are
invention, discovery, and diffusion
As bureaucracy and computer technology have spread throughout U.S. society, privacy
is threatened as never before
The concept "retrospective labeling" refers to
labeling someone's past based on their present deviance
Which type of leader tends to downplay their position and power, allowing the group to function more or less on it's own
laissez-faire
The recognized and intended consequences of a social pattern are referred to as
manifest functions
Roughly 40 to 45 percent of the U.S. population falls within the largest social class, which is the
middle class
According to the social-conflict approach, what a society labels as deviant is based mostly on
patterns of inequality and who has more power
Cooley used the term "looking glass self" to refer to
people see themselves as they think others see them
Stanley milligram's research in which subjects used a "shock generator" showed that
people were surprisingly likely to follow orders of not only "legitimate" authority figures, but also ordinary individuals-even if it brought "harm" to others
The fact that your cell phone is using outdated technology within a year or two of purchase is an example of
planned observance
Cultural patterns that are widespread among a society's population are referred to
popular culture
Which is NOT a theoretical approach to culture?
post-industrial information
Capitalism is defined as
private ownership of business for profit to individual
Social stratification is a concept that refers to
ranking categories in a hierarchy
Which of the following concepts refers to a social group that people use a point of reference in making evaluations or decisions?
reference group
"Crime" differs from "deviance" in that crime
refers to a violation of norms enacted into law
Which of the following concepts refers to the process by which people disengage from important social roles?
role exit
The postindustrial economy is defined by
service work and computer technology
Our political, economic, medical, and educational systems can be best described as
social institutions
Which of the following concepts refers to the lifelong social experience by which human beings develop their potential and learn culture?
socialization
cultural lag can best be defined as
some parts of cultural system change faster than others due to technology
Which of the following statements does NOT describe a distinctive characteristic of a total institution?
staff members encourage individual growth of personality
Role strain can best be described as
stress that occurs when too much is required of a single role
You're interested in collecting in depth information about how people develop their political views. the research method you should use is
survey research using interviews
a nation's flag is considered a
symbol
According to Irving Janis, "groupthink" is defined as
tendency of group member to conform to narrow view of some issue
Cyberfeminism can be defined as
the application to and promotion of feminism online
The structural-functional approach is concerned with
the consequences of social patterns for the operation of society
which of the following is the most important "primary group"
the family
What does the sociological perspective show us about our choice of mate
the operation of society, and it's rules, guide many of our personal choices
Solomon Asch's research, in which subjects were asked to match line, showed
the power of group members to generate conformity
The basic idea of the symbolic-interaction approach is that society is
the reality people construct as they interact with one another
