sociology 101 midterm

an average of _____ people in the US fall victim to hate crimes each year?

195,000

Value can be defined as?

A cultures standard for discerning what's good and just in society

A cultural universal can be described as?

A pattern or trait common to all societies

Language can be defined as?

A symbolic system through which people communicate and through which culture is transmitted

which of the following events is considered the most significant event which led to the development of Sociology as a philosophical perspective in method of inquiry into Human Social Arrangements? -enlightenment -industrial revolution -decline of the influence of monarchies -all of the above

All of the above

which of the following is an example of a negative informal sanction?

Beatrix being booed off stage after telling inoffensive joke during her comedy routine

which theorist studied the power elite, and the influence they had over Society?

C Wright Mills

durkheim defined _____ as the communal beliefs, morals and attitudes of a society

Collective conscience

Jeremy wrote an essay criticizing the college admission process, arguing that heavy competition in limited educational resources make admission difficult for the average student. Which perspective would Jeremy's argument fall under? -structural functionalism -conflict theory -symbolic interaction -behaviorism

Conflict theory

Society and culture ____________.

Could not exist without each other

The concepts of values and beliefs differ by?

Discernment of good, and just vs. tenets of truth

which theorist claimed that people rise to their proper level in society based solely on their belief in a meritocracy?

Emile durkheim

Quincia is studying how the lack of comprehensive sex education is affecting a small world town in North Dakota. She spends two months in the town, conserving and interviewing the townspeople. She is conducting a _____?

Ethnography

What is an example of cultural relativism?

Helena outing aside her vegetarianism to eat meals with the local tribe she is studying

Which of the following is an example of counterculture? -yuppie of 1980's -Kardashian krazies -hippies of the 1960's -disco invasion of the 1970's

Hippies of the 1960's

what is hate crime?

I hate crime is based on a person's race, religion, or other characteristics

John wants to study whether a large number of laptops available to students at his school lead to higher grades. She's independent and dependent variable. - IV: grades; DV: number of laptops - IV: john; DV: grades -IV:grades; DV: john -IV: number of laptops; DV: grades

IV: number of laptops; DV: grades

Kendra is researching the effects of vitamin C on test-taking ability. Before the exam, Kendrick is group a orange juice, and Group B water. Vitamin C is the _____?

Independent variable

large-scale social change in the interaction between social institutions would be considered: -macro approach -micro approach -impossible feat -positivism

Macro Approach

Bus tokens are to _____ as the value of public transportation is to _____?

Material culture/non-material culture

Gemienschaft

Mechanical solidarity

Gelleschaft

Organic solidarity

conflict theorists agree with the structural functionalist that social systems are _____but not _____

Related/interdependent

Alexis wants to research the 1960s feminist movement. She reads articles from that time period, watches documentaries, Reid scholarly journals on the topic, and interviews influential women from the movement. What kind of research method is Alexis using? -ethnography -surveys -experiments -secondary data analysis

Secondary data analysis

_____ view society as a structure with interrelated Parts designed to meet the biological and social needs of individuals who make up that Society.

Structural Functionalism

as societies advanced in technology and production, _____ serves as one explanation of increased inequality?

Surplus resources

crime can be defined as?

a behavior that violates official law and is punishable through formal sanctions

do liability is defined by the text as: - how will the study measures what it was designed to measure - how long is that he is expected to remain relevant and influential - how close is today's results come to the experimenters hypothesis - measure of a studies consistency that considers How likely results are to be replicated if a study is reproduced

a measure of a studies consistency that considers How likely results are to be replicated if a study is reproduced

what is the difference between a primary group and a secondary group?

a primary group is small, consisting of emotional face-to-face relationships; and a secondary is larger and impersonal

deviance can be defined as?

a violation of established contextual, cultural, or social norms, whether foulkeways, mores, or codified law

conformity

accept goals accept means

innovation

accept goals reject scenes

strain theory?

addresses the relationship between having socially acceptable goals and having socially acceptable means to reach those goals

Ivanka Trump is the daughter of business Mogul Donald Trump. Her role as heiress to the Trump Fortune is an example of?

ascribed status

The Social Network Facebook CEO Mark Zuckerberg was portrayed as a leader of the school oriented, issuing orders. Which of the following leadership styles in Zuckerberg likely use?

authoritarian

which of the following is false about the sociological approach to understanding human behavior?

because people can be totally explained by their social environment, sociologists can understand the sources of their behavior, attitudes, and life chances completely

the United States government is a form of?

bureaucracy

Mark, whose parents are wealthy, has been socialized to believe that he can be whoever he wants to be. His best friend Matt, whose parents are blue-collar workers, has been socialized to believe that hard work and following instructions it is all he needs to support himself. Which sociological Paradigm does this story fit?

conflict theory

which sociological theoretical perspective is aligned with the idea that cultural Arrangements in a society are best understood in the inequality of power they impose?

conflict theory

Kellan wants to shop at Express for the new school year, but because all of his friends shop at Pacific sun, kellan does as well. Kellans behavior is an example of?

conformity

which of the following refers to the illegal actions of a corporation or people acting on its behalf?

corporate crime

the availability of Coke products in Tanzania, Tapas in Spokane, and Thai food in Kansas is an example of?

cultural diffusion

the practice of promoting and posing a culture practice of a more politically powerful culture onto one which is less powerful is referred to as?

cultural imperialism

while traveling in Spain, Eleanor struggled with ordering food and restaurants. This resulted and disorientation and frustration. Something sociologist would refer to as?

culture shock

the term institutionalization can be defined as?

deactivate planting a convention or Norm into society

social foundations of deviance

deviance exists only in relation to cultural norms, people become deviant as others to find them that way, both norms and how people to find rule-breaking involve Social Power

Ally's father was sent to prison when she was 12 for the trafficking of Narcotics, her brother was arrested when she was 13 for possession of methamphetamines. By the age of 18, Allie has been arrested three times for possession of marijuana. Which Theory best describes Ali's experience?

differential association theory

an instrumental leader?

goal oriented and largely concerned with accomplishing set tasks

place the following Societies in chronological order: - pastoral, hunter gatherer, Horticultural, agricultural - hunter-gatherer, pastoral, agricultural, Horticultural - pastoral, agricultural, hunter-gatherer, Horticultural - hunter-gatherer, pastoral, Horticultural, agricultural

hunter-gatherer, pastoral, Horticultural, agricultural

the statement on the value of children versus the reality of the highest percentage of people in the US living in poverty are under the age of 18 is an example of?

ideal vs. real

_____ describes how any action that is repeated frequently becomes cast into a pattern

industrialization

structural functionalists believe that nature of social order, what makes social order possible, lies in the _____ nature of social systems.

interdependence

the notion that language shapes thought and ideals is called?

linguistic relativity and sapier whorf hypothesis

large-scale social change in the interaction between social institutions would be considered?

macro approach

it is parent-teacher conference day at Littleton Elementary School. Jimmy's teacher anxious to meet his parents and discuss his habit of disrupting the class. When the teacher expresses her concern that Jimmy is not being socialized properly, his dad insists that he was the same way at Jimmy's age and that disrupting the class is natural for the children in his family. Jimmy's teacher and father are arguing about which fundamental sociological Theory?

nature vs nurture

functionalist Emile durkheim believed some deviance within Society was?

necessary, it challenged people's views

Folkways

norms that are not strictly enforced

Mores

norms that are widely observed and have great moral significance and carry serious consequences if violated

which of the following is an example of an unethical sociological research practice?

observing study participants without their consent

which of the following societal types is most descriptive of the society we live in today?

post industrial

when Michael starts high school, he joins the basketball team. He begins to look to his teammate friends for cures on how to behave at dances, and always, and even in the glass. Michaels basketball team is serving as Michael's _____?

reference group

ritualism

reject goals accept means

retreatism

reject goals reject means

Rebellion

reject goals reject means seeking new goals through new means

using Robert Merton's strain theory, how would you classify a low-paid, yet compulsively conforming bank teller who never seems to want to get a head but never seems to do anything wrong?

ritualist

on the first day of high school, Kaitlin overhears a group of girls calling her goth and emo. She soon begins to don more black clothing, dark makeup and seek Out friends who dress the same. This is an example of?

role performance

which of the following does not constitute cyberbullying?

sending threatening letters to someone's home

durkheim's study of suicide led the development of the sociological concept of?

social integration

_____ consisted of situations in which two people communicate, interpret, and respond to each other?

social interaction

during her first day of kindergarten, Marie does not understand how the lunch line in the cafeteria Works. She has a dates and watches as the older kids pick up their trays and silverware and then get in line. She follows their lead and successfully buys herself lunch. Marie's experience in the lunchroom is an example of?

socialization

_____ ignore facts and distort reality

stereotypes

culture exists to meet Society members basic needs, which is stated by?

structural functionalist

social order lies in the ability of humans to have a shared reading and communication via symbols

symbolic interaction

human interactions are a continuous process of deriving meaning from both objects in the environment in the actions of others, which is stated by?

symbolic interactionist

judge and her gavel. A cop and his gun. A lawyer and her powers and. A _____ would be most concerned with the parts days of objects play the impression management.

symbolic interactionist

sociology is defined as the: -qualitative analysis of human phenomenon -systematic study of society and social interaction -quantitative analysis of social transgressions -theoretical examination of life's origins

systematic study of society and social interaction

Solomon Asch concluded that one reason people conform to a group is because they believe?

the creep is better informed than they are

Ahmed has been trying to change his schedule so that he can take one more AP classes senior year in high school. He keeps running between the guidance office and the administration office to sort out the problem. Ahmed's interaction with the school's bureaucracy is an example of?

the hidden curriculum of schools

the mcdonaldization of society refers to

the increasing presence of the fast food business model in common social institutions

which of the following is not a branch of the u.s. Criminal Justice System?

the jury

when Kevin backpacks across Europe after his high school graduation, he is surprised to find Burger King's, H&M, and even Walmart stores in the foreign cities. This is an example of?

the mcdonaldization of society

social control is?

the regulation and enforcement of norms

peer groups are important to adolescents because?

they helped to develop a sense of identity separate from adolescence parents

which of the following is not a purpose of the American sociological association's code of ethics?

to ensure the financial gain of the researchers

parents often socialize their children to?

understand and follow the same Norms that they themselves follow

Justin enrolls in a local community college so he can one day become an engineer. Yes it is about to become a member of a?

utilitarian organization

the term secondary deviance can be defined as?

what a person's self-concept and behavior begin to change after his or her actions are labeled as deviant by members of society