Sociology 2
Lemert & Becker
"Labeling Theory"- all people commit deviant acts in their life, but not everyone is labeled deviant
Robert K Merton
"Self Fulfilling Prophecy", "Strain Theory"- people are expected to meet goals of society and if they cannot be met, it leads to anomie
George Herbert Mead
"role taking" - take on pretend roles of others through imitation, play and games
John Locke
"tabula rasa"- each person is a blank slate at birth
Charles Horton Cooley
"the looking glass self"- children develop an imagine of themselves based on how others see them
feral children
"wild child" , example : genie
In the year 2000, it was reported that health care costs exceeded
$1.3 Trillion
Conflict theorist believe that
(all of the above)
The labelling theory
(all of the above)
Deviance is views at the natural outgrowth of values, norms, and structure of society
(all of the above) Is known as the station theory, developed by Robert K. Merton and is the major functionalist explanation
The interactionist perspective focuses on
(all of the above) control theory, cultures transmission theory, & labelling theory
Principle types of crime in the United States include
(all of the above) violent crimes, crimes against property, & white collar crimes
To be labelled deviant, one must
(both a & b) be detected commuting a deviant act & be stigmatised by society
Conflict theorist believe that
(both a & b) competition leads to deviance & social inequality leads to deviance
who is likely to be a victim of a violent crime
***a. person you know b. or a person u dont know
Which of these is not a characteristic of public order crime?
***a. predatory b. mala prohibita c. victimless d. morality
although pornography is considered deviant and much of it is illegal it is...
***a. widely used b. only popular with a few people c. a subject which only a few sociology and other scientists d. always changing
feminists theories focus on intimate partner abuse?
**a. male domination (patriarchal) b. social status c. stero types d. personalitys
Behavior in violation of social norms
- Use of illegal drugs - Attacking another person with a weapon - Talking to self in public
Name the current social classes in the United States in order.
-The upper class -The upper middle class -lower middle -working class -the working poor -the underclass
Which of the following is a victimless crime?
-prohibited sexual acts between consenting adults --vagrancy -illicit use of marijuana
A disease that attacks the immune system, leaving a person vulnerable to a host of deadly infections.
1
Monogamy
1 man in 1 woman are married to another
Family organization is determined by how society or group within a society answers four questions
1) how many marriages partners may a person have 2) who will live with who 3) How will family membership be determined 4) who will make the decisions in the family
Most people in polygamous so cities take only one spouse for 2 reason
1) it is very expensive to have more than one marriage partners 2) most societies tend to produce roughly equal numbers of men and women
The functions of the family
1) regulation of sexual activity 2) reproduction 3) socialization 4) economic and emotional security
Functions of Deviance
1. Clarifying norms - Defines boundaries of acceptable behavior 2. Unifying the group - Reinforces differences between conformists and nonconformists 3. Diffusing tension - Demonstrations of social discontent without destroying social order 4. Promoting social change - Identifying problem areas 5. Providing jobs - Police officers, judges, lawyers
Those with the highest risk for becoming infected with HIV are
1. Homosexual and bisexual men 2. Intravenous drug use 3. The sexual partners of high risk people
What challenges do Americans with disabilities face?
1. Prejudice 2. Discrimination 3. Difficulty finding meaningful employment
According to research published in 2013, what proportion of the U.S. adult population reports being afraid to walk alone at night in their own communities?
1/3
The number of interracial marriages in the United States has grown by almost ___times since the late 1960s. Before that time at least a _____ States had laws that made interracial marriages illegal
10 Dozen
About ___ of all murders committed in _____ what the results of intimate partner violence. Some ___, of the victims of intimate partner murder were women
11% 1998 75%
Supreme Court ruling in _____ struck down laws that made interracial marriage illegal
1967
When was the widespread nature of family violence confirmed in a nationwide study
1975
The widespread nature of family violence was confirmed in a _____ nationwide study. The researchers found that nearly _____ of the people that interviewed had experienced some form of violence in the course of their marriages. Moreover almost _____ of the people interviewed reported hitting their children usually more than once
1975 1/3 3/4
In ____ about 1 million crimes of violence was committed against people by intimate partners and about ____of the victims were women.
1998 85%
Homogamy is even stronger when it comes to race. Only _____ of all in marriages are between individuals who are black and white
2.4%
About what percent of Americans describe themselves as "born again" or evangelical Christians?
25 percent
About what percent of all campaign funds come from PACs
25%
Marriage rates are declining. For example about ____ of Americans over the age of 15 have never been married
28%
1) the laws governing the divorce process has become less complicated and the cost of obtaining a divorce has decreased 2) the increase in the number of dual earner families and the growth of day care facilities has decreased the economic dependence of women
3) society in general has become more tolerant of divorce. 4) many people expect more of marriage and are less ready to accept martial problems
41.) Today in the United States it is not at all uncommon for a women to have her first child at what age?:
30
Today in the United States it is not at all uncommon for a woman to have her first child at what age
30
About what percent of the U.S. population are members of the working class?
30%
Among Americans between the ages of 25 and 30 for the prime years for marriage is about
35%
How many people in the United States are affected with disabilities?
53 million
In 2000 about _____ of American men and ____ of American women over 15 years of age were married
56% 52%
16.) ___ percent of the population in the United States over the age of 16 is in the labor force:
67%
In 2012, police cleared what percentage of motor-vehicle thefts?
7.4%
Crime against property accounts for what share of all serious offenses?
88%
Life expectancy is ______ for a poor person than it is for an average-income person. a. less c. longer b. the same d. no data available to support this claim
A
38.) Which of the following would NOT be a part of the baby boom generation?:
A 30 year old man
totemism
A belief in kinship between humans and animals.
28.) Exogamy is found in:
A caste system
29.) The distribution of scarce resources and rewards is determined on the basis of achieved statuses in which system?
A class system
Class system
A class system is a system in which scarce resources and rewards are determined on the basis of achieved statuses.
Crime
A crime refers to any act that is labeled as such by those in authority, is prohibited by law, and is punishable by the government.
Crime syndicate
A crime syndicate is a large-scale organization of professional criminals that controls some vice or business through violence or the threat of violence.
The process of labelling an individual as deviant is called
A degradation ceremony
constitutional monarchy
A democratic system in which the named "ruler" is a symbolic head of state, and power rests in the hands of elected officials.
true
A division of society into categories, ranks, or classes is called social stratification. t/f
false
A division that is based on individual characteristics, abilities, and behaviors does not lead to social inequality.
Capital
A factor of production that involves a country's wealth and infrastructure
Entrepreneurship
A factor of production that involves the creativity and risk needed to develop new goods and services
Nuclear Family
A family composed of two parents and their children living in the same house hold.
Extended Family
A family in which parents, children, and other relative live in the same household.
legal discrimination
A form of discrimination that is upheld by the law is called _____.
false
A government that uses coercion on people lets them do what they want. t/f
minority group
A group of people who - because of their physical characteristics or cultural practices - are singled out and unequally treated.
Family
A group of people who are related by marriage blood or adoption
Family
A group of people who are related by marriage, blood, or adoption and who often live together and share economic resources
Minority group
A group of people who, because of their physical characteristics or cultural practices, are singled out and treated unequally.
Family
A group of two or more people who are related by blood, marriage, or adoption or mutual commitment and who care for one another.
Subculture
A group that share money values and practices of the larger size but have enough cultural specialties not shared by the rest
Give an example of intragenerational mobility.
A janitor at at a school becomes the principal
Crime Syndicate
A large scale organization of professional criminals that controls some vice or business through violence or the threat of violence
What are life chances and who has an advantage of having more?
A life chance is the likelihood that individuals have of sharing in the opportunities and benefits of society. The higher classes.
A stigma is
A mark of social disgrace that sets the deviant apart from the rest of society
Stigma
A mark of social disgrace that sets the deviant apart from the rest of society
Collective discrimination is
A negative bias against an entire group.
Kinship
A network of people who are related by marriage birth or adoption
true
A new development in the political arena is that more women are holding statewide positions, which has increased from four percent in years past to twenty-nine percent. t/f
cult
A new religion whose beliefs and practices differ from those of the societies major religions.
one or both parents and their children
A nuclear family consists of
one or both parents and their children
A nuclear family consists of ..
false
A person's sex is socially created, while gender is biologically determined. t/f
Cultural Pluralism
A policy that allows each group within society to keep its unique cultural identity.
The elderly in the United States have become ____________
A political force.
Ethnic Cleansing
A practice that involves removing a group from a particular area through terror, expulsion and mass murder.
Self-fulfilling prophecy
A prediction that results in behavior that makes the prediction come true.
SES
A rating that combines social factors such as educational level, occupational prestige and place of residence with the economic factor of income.
sect
A relatively small religious organization that typically has split off from a denomination is referred to as
ethicalism
A religious belief system that is based on the idea that moral principles have a sacred quality.
ecclesia
A religious organization that most members belong to by virtue of their birth.
Positive sanction
A reward or positive reaction for following norms, ranging from a smile to a material reward
Primary group
A small group characterized by intimate, face-to-face association and cooperation.
Social class
A social class is a grouping of people with similar levels of wealth, power, and prestige.
Courtship
A social interaction similar to dating but with the sole purpose of eventual marriage
Status
A social position that a person holds
Poverty
A standard of living that is below the minimum level considered decent and reasonable by society
What is the Matthew effect?
A tendency for honors and recognition to go to those scientists who have already achieved recognition
Polyandry
A woman is permitted to marry more than one man at a time
minority groups
A(n) _____ can be defined as a group of people who are singled out and treated unequally because of physical characteristics or cultural practices.
What is the family disruption that receives a great deal with media attention
A. Divorce
Did most universal social institution is the family every society organizes its members into familiesStudies show that the daughters of working woman may
A. Have a better self image
If the newly married couple is expected to live with near the husband's parents they're most likely a part of
A. Partilocality
Sociologist use the term marriage to refer to
A. Set of norms that establishes and characterizes the relationship between married individuals
A nuclear family consist of
A.One or both parents and their children
A disease that attacks the immune system, leaving a person vulnerable to a host of deadly infections.
AIDS
Child abuse was defined as a social problem
About 1960, largely based on the activism of Dr. C. Henry Kempe
Comparing victimization survey responses to police reports shows that about what percentage of serious crime is known to police?
About half of violent crime and one-third of property crime
Capitalists
According to Karl Marx, who are the bourgeoise?
prejudice non-discriminatory
According to Merton, a person who is prejudiced but afraid to discriminate b/c of pressure is a
timid bigot
According to Merton, a person who is prejudiced but is afraid to discriminate because of societal pressure is a
Physical growth and development, undefined status, increase in decision-making, time of great pressure, finding yourself
According to the book and notes the following are characteristics of adolescence
AIDS
Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS) is a potentially fatal disease caused by a virus that attacks an individual's immune system, leaving the person vulnerable to a host of deadly infections.
13.) The period between normal onset of puberty and the beginning of adulthood is called:
Adolescence
Since the 1960s there has been a sexual revolution due to birth control 6 inch TVs etc. About 50% of girls age 15 to 19 are sexually active and boys are at a higher percent. Sexual activity rates remain high but their lower pregnancy rates due to birth control
Adolescent sexual activity facts
true
Affirmative action programs in the United States are an example of legal efforts to achieve equal rights. t/f
false
African Americans, Asian Americans, Hispanics, and American Indians have all faced the same levels of discrimination and prejudice. t/f
social norms, values, beliefs
After families, schools are the most important and obvious means though which children learn
social norms, values, and beliefs
After families, schools are the most important and obvious means through which children learn
factories could meet most needs, government agencies, charitable organizations
After industrialization, why did families no loner need to be self-sufficient?
What factors influence the likelihood that an individual lives in poverty?
Age Gender Ethnicity& race
____________________, ____________________, and ____________________ are the three factors that affect media consumption.
Age, education, income
Homogamy is based on characteristics such as_____,_____, _____, and _____
Age, socioeconomic status, religion, and race
Ageism
Ageism is a belief that one age is by nature superior to another age category.
A process whereby the media set the boundaries of public debate by deciding which issues to cover.
Agenda setting
Which of the following terms can be linked to the process of rationalization?
All of the above
From Gallup poll results, what are the concerns about the U.S. health care system?
All of the above (cost, equality, and accessibility)
Those with the highest risk for becoming infected with HIV are
All of the above (homosexual and bisexual men, intravenous drug abusers, the sexual partners of high risk people)
What condition is needed for a democracy to thrive in a society?
All of the above (industrialization, access to information, and limits on power)
What are the different types of economic systems?
All of the above (preindustrial, postindustrial, and industrial)
Graves Protection and Repatriation Act.
All of the following acts have had an impact on Asian Americans except the
eye color
All of the following are physical characteristics used to determine race except
subjugation
All of the following are sources of prejudice and discrimination EXCEPT:
Indianoid
All of the following have been used as racial categories EXCEPT:
forbids sexual relations or marriage between certain relatives
All societies enforce some type of incest taboo, which
forbids sexual relations or marriage between certain relatives
All societies enforce some type of incest taboo, which ..
Bilocality
Allows a newly married couple to choose whether they will live near the husband's parents or wife's parents
Alternative medicine
Alternative medicine is the treating of illnesses with unconventional methods such as acupuncture, biofeedback, massage, meditation, yoga, herbal remedies, and relaxation techniques.
Which society uses a class system?
American
Face many challenges, including suicide and alcohol-related deaths.
American Indians
Which minority group is made up with tribes who each have different cultures and history?
American Indians
false
American society is based on the caste system. t/f
false
American society is made up of people of the same cultural background. t/f
Sandwich Generation
Americans caught between the needs of their children and aging parents
social mobility
Americans have long believed that education is the key to
What does ADA stand for?
Americans with Disabilities Act.
37.) What does ADA stand for?:
Americans with disabilities act
prejudiced and openly discriminatory
An active bigot is ..
junta
An authoritarian system in which a small group has seized power from the previous government.
Command Economy
An economic system in which government owns most parts of the economy and decides what will be produced and sold
Traditional Economy
An economic system in which people trade goods and services without money
Free-Enterprise Economy
An economic system in which privately owned businesses provide goods and services that people buy
ethnic group
An ethnic group is individuals who share a common cultural background and a common sense of identity
Ethnic group
An ethnic group is individuals who share a common cultural background and a common sense of identity.
baptism, wedding, or a funeral
An example of a religious ritual is
a multi-national company having offices in another country.
An example of globalization would be
wedding
An example of religious ritual is
Negative sanction
An expression of disapproval for breaking a norm
true
An increase in childlessness is a recent trend in American family life. t/f
Primary
An individual's closest relatives. Includes mother, father, sister, brother, Spouse, daughter, and Son
Secondary
An individual's next closest relatives. Are the primary relatives of an individual's primary relatives. Includes grandparents, grandchildren, in laws, aunts, uncles, nephews, and nieces
Which of the following is NOT an example of ageism?
An older adult portrayed as a positive role model
horizontal intergenerational vertical mobility.
An open class system is based on social mobility that includes
Institutionalized Discrimination
An outgrowth of the structure of society.
stereotype
An oversimplified, exaggerated, or unfavorable generalization about a group of people
Stereotype
An oversimplified, exaggerated, or unfavorable generalization about a group of people.
stereotype
An oversimplified, exaggerated, or unfavorable generalization about a group of people.
prejudice
An unsupported generalization about a category of people.
The situation that arises when the norms of society are unclear or are no longer applicable is referred to as
Anomie
Anomie
Anomie is a situation that arises when the norms of society are unclear or are no longer applicable.
The United States spends a higher percentage of its GDP on health care than ____.
Any other country in the world
profane
Anything considered being part of the ordinary world; commonplace and familiar.
sacred
Anything that is considered to be part of the supernatural world that inspires awe, respect, and reverence is
sacred
Anything that is considered to be part of the supernatural would that inspires awe, respect, and reverence is
Informal sanction
Approval or disapproval and a non-formal way such as being booed
One of the consequences of poverty is that poverty stricken people __
Are less able to enjoy society's benefits
Polyandry is primarily found in parts of ____ and appears to rise in response to
Asia Extreme poverty and a shortage of women Ex. Toda of india
Competition for jobs produced physical violence and discrimination
Asian American
Competition for jobs produced physical violence and discrimination
Asian Americans
__________ have been called a "model minority," but many resent the label.
Asian Americans
true
Asian Americans includes people of Filipino ancestry. t/f
Assimilation
Assimilation is the blending of culturally distinct groups into a single group with a common culture or identity.
assimilation
Assimilation is the blending of culturally distinct groups into a single group with a common culture or identity.
Today in the United States it's not uncommon for women to have a child that what age
B. 30
Societies in for some type of incest taboo which
B. Forbids sexual relations or marriage between certain relatives
de facto segregation
Based on informal norms.
de jure segregation
Based on laws.
monotheism, polytheism, ethicalism
Belief system can be organized into 3 basic types
Sociology
Besides the studies human society and social behavior
Alcohol
Biggest drug problem among high school students is the use of this
Most industrial societies practice
Bilateral descent
False
Blue-collar workers are paid by what they know; white-collar workers by what they do
Students who are treated as bright and capable come to think of themselves as
Bright and capable
47.) What killed about one third of Europes population between 1347 and 1350?:
Bubonic Plague
Which of the following is a crime against property?
Burglary
Which of the following describes a family with a mother and father share authority
C. Egalitarian
What do my sociology just argue is the most devastating family disruption
C. Family Volience
In 1960 there were a dozen US states that made interracial marriages
C. Illegal
factors that have contributed to heterogamy includes
C. Participation of women in the work force
Polygamy is relatively rare it even in societies where is acceptable in a martial system this is because
C. Such a household is expensive to support
Manufactured goods used in the production process.
Capital
Economic system in which an individual rather than government owns the factors of production.
Capitalism
Free-enterprise systems are associated with which of the following?
Capitalism
Name and describe the two basic types of stratification systems.
Caste System: a system in which scarce resources and social rewards are distributed on the basis of ascribed statuses. Class System: a system in which the distribution of scarce resources and rewards are determined on the basis of achieved statuses.
minority group
Category of people who share physical characteristics or cultural practices that result in the group being denied equal treatment.
added to the variety of religions
Changing immigration patterns in the U.S. have
added variety of religions
Changing immigration patterns in the United States have
coercion
Charismatic authority is based on
personal characteristics
Charismatic authority is based on
Nearly 3.2 million cases of neglect of physical abuse against children were reported in 1999 just over 1 million children were confirmed by Child Protective Services to be victims of maltreatment
Child abuse resulted in the death of almost 1400 children in 1999 however experts estimate that the true figure was considerably higher because abuse-related death are often attributed to other causes
At which stage does political socialization begin?
Childhood
Feral children
Children on influenced by their social environment
socialism
China adjusted it's constitution in 1999 to acknowledge the economic importance of which of the following?
Cultural pluralism
Cultural pluralism is a policy that allows each group within a society to keep its unique cultural identity.
cultural pluralism
Cultural pluralism is a policy that allows each group within a society to keep its unique cultural identity.
_____ explains the deviance as a learned behaviour
Cultural transmission theory
Cultural transmission theory
Cultural transmission theory is a theory that views deviance as a learned behavior transmitted through interaction with others.
The distribution of scarce resources and rewards is determined on the basis of achieved statuses in which system? a. an open system c. a closed system b. a caste system d. a class system
D
After industrialization why did families no longer need to be self sufficient
D. All of the above
Most Americans marry individuals with characteristics similar to their own, including
D. All of the above
The most common martial system in the majority of preindustrial societies around the world is
D. All of the above
Which of the following is not a cause of one parent families
D. Delayed marriage
The residental patterns found most commonly in industrial societies is
D. Neolocality
Sexual assault in which offender and victim have some personal relationship is called
Date rape
True
Dating is not a universal phenomenon
false
De facto segregation is illustrated by unequal access to the resources of society that pushes some minority groups into less powerful positions. t/f
Trends in American family life
Delayed marriage, delayed childbearing, childlessness, dual earner marriages, one parent families, remarriage
Which of the following represents coercion?
Denying citizens the right to vote
Achieved status
Derive through effort not inherited
Patrilineal Descent
Descent pattern in which kinship is traced through the father's family,
Bilateral Descent
Descent system in which kinship is traced through both parents
Matrilineal Descent
Descent system in which kinship is traced through the mother's family
True
Describe statuses or not based on an individuals ability, effort, or accomplishments
Transfer Payments
Designed to enable the government to redistribute money among various segments of society.
Objective
Detached, unbiased, and open-minded. Assuming nothing and not personal
What were the effects of immigration on the American culture's economic life?
Development of businesses, marketing plans, media focus, TV and radio stations
Deviance
Deviance is known as behavior that violates significant social norms.
Strain theory
Deviance viewed as the rebellion against society is burdensome values and norms
Behaviour that violates significant social norms is called?
Deviant
Cultural transmission theory
Deviant behavior is learned through interactions with other deviance
Society is a group of interdependent people who share the same culture and have a sense of unity where as cultures shared behavior. Culture is the way people live
Difference between society and culture
The frequency and closeness of associations a person has with deviant and nondeviant individuals is called
Differential Association
Differential association
Differential association is a proportion of associations a person has with deviant versus non-deviant individuals.
The gap between those with access to new technologies and those without.
Digital Divide
The gap between those with access to new technologies and those without is called the
Digital divide
Prejudice and __________ are separate but related features of the minority experience.
Discrimination
discrimination
Discrimination is the denial of equal treatment to individuals based on their group membership
Discrimination
Discrimination is the denial of equal treatment to individuals based on their group membership.
Scientists should seek truth, not personal gain.
Disinterestedness
The result of cultures assimilation is
Distinct groups blend into a single group with common cultures and identities.
Family disruption that recieces a great deal of media attention
Divorce
What is the family disruption that receives a great deal of media attention
Divorce
Which of the following is not a cause of one parent families
Divorce Births to unwed mothers Death of a spouse Delayed marriage
Ethnocentric
Do United States culture seems to create personality traits that are this
Horizontal, vertical, intergenerational
Do United States has an open class system based on social mobility that includes these
Today in the United States women are pursuing nontraditional careers as
Doctors Computer scientists University professors All of the above
Americans tend to give an individual respect and honor based on what the individual__________.
Does for a living
In recent decades the traditional family has been replaced by
Dual-earner families One-parent families Childless families All of the above
When did the United States establish the Office of War Information?
During World War II
true
During the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, immigrants from predominantly Catholic countries faced open discrimination at the hands of the American-born white Protestant majority. t/f
In which of the following religious organizations are you least likely to find converts?
Ecclesia
Primary Sector
Economic activity that involves taking raw materials from the soil or water
Tertiary Sector
Economic activity that involves the production of services
Secondary Sector
Economic activity that involves using raw materials to manufacture goods
Many Americans believe this is the key to social mobility.
Education
A person's socioeconomic status is determined by income,___________________________________.
Education level, and place of residence.
Which of the following describes a family where the mother and the father share authority
Egalitarian
Societies establishe norms governing childbearing and child rearing. These norms determines such things as who is
Eligible to marry and to bear children, the number of children that is considered appropriate, and the rights and responsibilities of parents
What is one of the most important functions of religion?
Encouraging social cohesion
The United States and many other societies primarily practice Endogamy-
Endogamy- Marriage within a social category or social group, including race, ethnicity, social class, and religion.
Which statement reflects a socialist viewpoint?
Equal access to goods and services cannot be guaranteed if the means of production are owned by individuals.
Rules for Descent are important for the smooth operation of society because they
Establish who is eligible to inherit property from whom
false
Ethnicity and race are two words that mean the same thing. t/f
True
Ethnicity is defined as the set of cultural characteristics that distinguishes one group from another. (T/F)
Ethnicity
Ethnicity refers to a set of cultural characteristics that distinguishes one group from another group.
ethnicity
Ethnicity refers to a set of cultural characteristics that distinguishes one group from another group.
The scarlet letter
Example of a stigma
language and history
Examples of subjects included in core curriculum are
Marriage outside one's own social category.
Exogamy
A division that is based on individual characteristics, abilities, and behaviors does not lead to social inequality.
F
African Americans, Asian Americans, Hispanics, and American Indians have all faced the same levels of discrimination and prejudice.
F
American society is made up of people of the same cultural background.
F
Based on the caste system in India, the Harijans are the highest rank in their caste system.
F
By the year 2050, one out of every nine Americans will be elderly.
F
De facto segregation is illustrated by unequal access to the resources of society that pushes some minority groups into less powerful positions.
F
Ethnicity and race are two words that mean the same thing.
F
In industrial societies a younger person holds the greatest social power.
F
In the 1900s, Asian immigrants mainly settled in the Southwest, while Hispanics settled along the east coast.
F
It is easy to classify people into clear-cut racial categories.
F
Jim Crow laws were legislation designed to put an end to legal discrimination.
F
Native Americans have always been able to obtain jobs.
F
People with power commit deviant acts to obtain economic rewards.
F
Racial stratification is almost extinct, thanks to reform attempts.
F
Scarce resources and social rewards are not the basis of ascribed statuses.
F
South and Southeast Asia are the regions that have experienced the greatest challenges from the AIDS crisis.
F
The Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882 was developed to help give civil rights to the Asian Americans.
F
The Hispanic population only includes immigrants from Mexico.
F
The dominant group is the victim of unequal treatment at the hands of the minority group.
F
The owners of the means of production in a capitalist society are known as the proletariat.
F
There are five basic types of stratification.
F
There is no link between poverty and one's health.
F
Vagrancy is a crime against property.
F
Very few societies base access to social rewards and resources on race or ethnicity.
F
American Indians
Face many challenges, including suicide and alcohol-related deaths.
After industrialization why did families no longer need to be self sufficient
Factories could meet most needs Government agencies Charitable descent
higher college enrollments. geographical mobility. participation of women in the work force.
Factors that have contributed to heterogamy include
higher college enrollments, geographical mobility, participation of women in the work force
Factors that have contributed to heterogamy include ..
52.) Margaret Mead, in the 1940s, compiled a list of more than 65 cultural universals after examining hundreds of different cultures.
False
53.) Narcissism is the tendency to view one's own culture or group as superior to others:
False
54.) The family is the least important agent of socialization in almost every society:
False
55.) Peer group socialization is the same as family socialization:
False
56.) The dating system is not flexible as opposed to the courtship system that existed prior to dating:
False
57.) Hallucinogens are the most widely used illegal drugs among high school seniors based on a survey between 1990 and 2001.
False
61.) Primary deviance is nonconformity that is detected by those in authority:
False
64.) Social mobility is not an important feature of an open class system:
False
66.) Native Americans have always held the status of U.S. citizens:
False
70.) Not many senior citizens are politically active:
False
71.) There does not have to be rules for descent in order for there to be a smooth operation of society:
False
74.) Voting participation of unemployed workers was higher than that of employed workers in 2000:
False
75.) Statistics show that there is a weak relationship between education and income:
False
77.) The Telecommunications Act of 1996 encourages advertisers to use a rating system similar to that used by the television companies:
False
78.) Television violence does not make bowers fearful of the world around them, and makes them more trustful of others:
False
80.) Panics occur in everyday situations:
False
A government that uses coercion on people lets them do what they want.
False
About 15 percent of American households have access to the media.
False
An individual's closest relatives are called tertiary
False
Competition in the ancient Greek Olympic games could be classified as sport in the modern sense.
False
Delayed child bearing is one type of family disruption
False
Families do not perform similar functions across cultures
False
Family trees on the mother's side of the family are the only way to map relationships with members if they are extended family
False
Generally, voter participation decreases with age.
False
Health care costs have not been affected by advances in medical technology.
False
It is very common for religious individuals to marry individuals from different religious backgrounds
False
Participants take turns competing at the same skill in direct competition.
False
Rational-legal authority rests with the individual who holds office.
False
Religion is a necessary component of sport as an institution.
False
Science emerged as a recognizable system of study in 800s B.C.
False
Science is an impure and biased field.
False
Several studies suggest that frequent television viewing and Internet use encourages engagement in civic and social life.
False
Sociologists call an extended family the typical family
False
Television does not depict a great deal of violence.
False
Television violence does not make viewers fearful of the world around them, and makes them more trustful of others.
False
The "Information Rich" are less likely to benefit more from greater access to new technology than the "information poor."
False
The central ideal of industrialization was maintaining "status quo."
False
The four factors that contributed to the rebirth of science are the decline of the Roman empire, the influence of the Catholic church, the Protestant Reformation, and the invention of the printing press.
False
The secondary sector concentrates on the extraction of raw materials from the environment.
False
There does not have to be rules for descent in order for there to be a smooth operation of society
False
There does not have to be rules for desent in order for there to be a smooth operation of society
False
Violence in American schools has been on the rise since the mid-1990s.
False
Worldwide men and women are only permitted to have a monogamous marriage
False
Worldwide men and women are only permitted to have monogamous marriages.
False
On college campuses, 56 percent of all bachelor's degrees are awarded to men.
False (56% awarded to women)
The women's movement in the United States began almost 250 years ago in the 1700s.
False (?)
A person's sex is socially created, while gender is biologically determined.
False (other way around)
Functionalist sociologists believe that the mass media does not perform any duties that support stability and a smooth operation of society.
False (they DO think this)
Medical sociologist careers involve investigating social factors that affect health care.
False -
Dual Earner Families
Families in which both husbands and wives have jobs
under class
Families that experience unemployment and poverty over several generations are considered
Agent of socialization
Family come up your group, school, and mass media all or what
Family of procreation
Family consisting of individual his or her spouse and their children
The nuclear family into which a person is born or adopted.
Family of Orientation
Family consisting of an individual, his or her spouse, and their children.
Family of Procreation
Extended family
Family that consists of two or more generations
What do most sociologist argue is the most devastating family disruption
Family violence
Asian
Fastest growing minority group in the US?
Patriarchy
Father holds most of the authority
Augusta Comte
Father of Sociology
true
Few families can survive on a single salary. t/f
Give the influences done by immigration on the American culture's social life.
Food, language, education, and religion
False
For a sociologist race is determined by a set of physical features. (T/F)
False
For an act to be labeled deviant it must be done more than one time
True
For the dominant group in society, prejudice serves as a justification for discriminatory actions. (T/F)
true
For the dominant group in society, prejudice serves as a justification for discriminatory actions. t/f
All societies enforce some type of incest taboo, which
Forbids sexual relations between certain relatives
All societies enforce some type of incest taboo which
Forbids sexual relations or marriage between certain relatives
schooling
Formal education that involves instruction by specially trained teachers who follow officially recognized policies is called
rational-legal authority
Formal rules and regulations provide the basis for this type of authority.
equality of the health care
From Gallup polls results, what are the concerns about the U.S. health care system?
teaching of knowledge and skills, the transmissions of culture, social integration and occupational placement
Functional sociologists believe that the most important function of education includes
teaching transmission and integration
Functional sociologists believe that the most important function of education includes
Agenda setting in the media is undertaken by
Gatekeepers
The behavioral and psychological traits considered appropriate for men and women.
Gender
Which of the following is not a factor affecting voter participation?
Gender
Cultural universals
General cultural traits that exist in all cultures
Where does the shortage for physicians lie?
General practitioners
stays the same with age
Generally, voter participation in the U.S.
increases with age
Generally, voter participation in the United States
The extermination of an entire targeted population is called ______.
Genocide
Genocide
Genocide is extermination aimed at intentionally destroying an entire targeted population.
genocide
Genocide is extermination aimed at intentionally destroying an entire targeted population.
through socialization
How do children learn gender role behaviors?
Wealthy Americans receive adequate medical care
How is social status directly related to health care?
53 million
How many people in the U.S. are affected with disabilities?
A groundskeeper who moves from a school to a church and remains a groundskeeper is experiencing _____. a. Horizontal mobility b. Vertical mobility c. Intergenerational mobility d. Parallel mobility
a
Advances in technology can cause workers with outdated skills to experience _____. a. Downward social mobility b. Upward social mobility c. Relative job security d. No changes in their social status.
a
Conflict theorists see competition over scarce resources as a. the cause of social inequality. b. a necessary feature of the social structure. c. unimportant in society. d. all of the above
a
How is social status directly related to health care? a. Wealthy Americans receive adequate medical care. b. Poor Americans receive adequate medical care. c. No one receives adequate medical care. d. none of the above
a
In a ____, a person is assigned a status at birth and remains at that level throughout life. a. a caste system c. a closed system b. an open system d. a class system
a
In the year 2000, it was reported that health care costs exceeded a. $1.3 trillion. c. $130 trillion. b. $13 trillion. d. the national debt.
a
One of the consequences of poverty is that poverty stricken people _____. a. Are less able to enjoy society's benefits b. Are more likely to achieve high social status c. Are more likely to hold white collar jobs d. Are less likely to hold low paying jobs
a
One of the consequences of poverty is that poverty stricken people _____. a. Are less able to enjoy society's benefits b. Are more likely to achieve high social status c. Are more likely to hold white collar jobs d. Are less likely to hold low paying jobs
a
Scarce resources and social rewards are distributed on the basis of ascribed statuses in a. a caste system. c. a class system. b. an open system. d. a closed system.
a
Sociologists use the term marriage to refer to a. the set of norms that establishes and characterizes the relationship between married individuals. b. the married couple. c. a social custom involving a wedding. d. a group consisting of an individual, his or her spouse, and their children.
a
Studies show that daughters of working women may a. have a better self-image. c. be lower achievers. b. be less independent. d. have a low self-image.
a
Techniques used to rank individuals according to social class are a. reputational. c. objective. b. subjective. d. all of the above
a
The likelihood that individuals have of sharing in the opportunities and benefits of society is known as a. life chances. c. both a and b b. life expectancy. d. neither a nor b
a
Today more and more Americans are seeking medical advice not face-to-face visits with doctors but from a. the Internet c. radio b. television d. the newspaper
a
What are media executives, editors, or reporters called who open or close the gate on a particular story? a. gatekeepers c. social capitalists b. opinion leaders d. none of the above
a
Why did American families no longer need to be self-sufficient after industrialization? a. Cheap goods manufactured in factories met most needs c. The government provided welfare for most Americans b. Charities donated necessities to most families in need d. Local communities provided goods for all members
a
resocialization
a break with past experiences and the learning of new values and norms
corporations
a business organization that is owned by stockholders and is treated by law as if it were an individual person.
Corporations
a business organization that is owned by stockholders and is treated by laws as if it were an individual person
aptitude
a capacity to learn a particular skill or acquire a particular body of knowledge
Race
a category of people who share inherited physical characteristics and whom others see as being a distinct group
race
a category of people who share inherited physical characteristics and whom others see as being a distinct group.
Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS)
a disease that attacks the immune system, leaving a person vulnerable to a host of deadly infections
theoretical perspectives
a general set of assumptions about the nature of things
secondary group
a group in which interaction is impersonal and temporary in nature
society
a group of interdependent people who have organized in such a way as to share a common culture and feeling of unity
family
a group of people who are related by marriage, blood, or adoption
Minority Group
a group of people who are singled out and unequally treated
minority group
a group of people who-because of their physical characteristics or cultural practices- are singled out and treated unequally
social class
a group of people with similar levels of wealth, power, and prestige
social class
a group of people with similar levels of wealth, power, and prestige.
Social Class
a grouping of people with similar levels of wealth, power, and prestige
crime syndicate
a large scale organization of profession criminals that controls some vice or business through violence or the threat of violence
formal organization
a large, complex secondary group that has been established to achieve specific goals
a mother who feels helpless that her 12 year old son is using marijuana and therefore allows the behavior to continue is exhibiting
a lax style of parenting
An example of globalization would be
a multi-national company having offices in another country
collective discrimation
a negative bias against an entire group
Collective discrimination is
a negative bias against an entire group.
collective discrimination
a negative bias against an entire group.
kinship
a network of people who are related by marriage, birth, or adoption
e-community
a place where people interact with one another regularly on the internet
Communism
a political and economic system in which property is communally owned
communism
a political and economical system in which property is communally owned.
bureaucracy
a ranked authority structure that operates according to specific rules and procedures
group
a set of people who interact on the basis of shared expectations and who possess some degree of common identity
total institution
a setting in which people are isolated from the rest of society for a set period of time and subject to tight control
primary group
a small group of people who interact over a relatively long period of time on a direct and personal basis
courtship
a social interaction with the express purpose of eventual marriage
Caste system
a social structure in which classes are determined by heredity
status
a socially defined position in a group or in society
ideal type
a subjective element in social theory and research
Economic Institution
a system of roles and norms that governs the production, distribution, and consumption of goods and services
Monarchy
a type of government in which on person rules; ruler inherits power
sociological criminology would be LEAST concerned with which of the following? a) personality characteristics of rapists b) age characteristics of murderers c) gender of victims of aggravated assault d) relationship of victim to offender
a) personality characteristics of rapists
which statement is correct a) the exact nature of the relationship between poverty and violence is not well understood b) it's quite clear that poverty is the major cause of crime and delinquency c) poverty does not appear to be a risk factor in the development of crime d) the current research suggests that there is no relationship between poverty and crime
a) the exact nature of the relationship between poverty and violence is not well understood
7.)___ one of the reasons that people resist cultural change:
a, b & c
Structural Strain Theory responders
a. Conformity: Accept goals b. Innovation: Develop new means c. Ritualism: Abandon goals d. Retreatism: Reject goals e. Rebellion: Substitute new goals
From Gallup poll results, what are the concerns about the U.S. health care system?
a. Healthcare cost b. Equality of healthcare c. Access to healthcare
What are some of the factors that have contributed to the rapid rise in health care cost?
a. Hospital care b. Advances in medical technology c. Prescription drugs
Unique characteristics of organized crime is or are
a. complex organized stucture b. ability to control labor unions c. involvement in legitimate busminesses **d. all of the above
inappropriate over-extensive in criminal law into regulated areas of personal conduct morality is called..
a. decriminalization b. institutionalization ***c. over criminalization d. amaturalization
in white collar crime violence and distruction is identified as
a. indirectly b. economic jobs or pentions may be lost c. physical unsafe products **d. all of the above
organized crime uses violence to intemidate citizens to
a. intimidate others b. defend themselves against law enforcement and others c. maintain control over its members d. to increase security or survival **e. all of the above f. none of the above
what is the most common setting for a robbery
a. on the streets b. banks c. convience stores d. residents **e. a & c
feminist perspective on rape asserts that rapists are
a. pcshologically abnormal b. patriotical norms or ....culture c. working out early memories others d. retaliating for their loss of power and status e. both b & d
which of the following is a victimless crime
a. prohibited sexual acts between consenting adults b. c. ilicid use of marjuanna ***d. all of the above
Which of the following statements about drug use is false?
a. societal reactions to various drugs reflect ****b. compulsive users c. there are diffirent forms of drugs d. in the last 2 centuries opium was a legal drug
what is true of a public order crime?
a. they are only violations of crime at the lower level of govt b. it is an act that will be considered a crime in all states c. sexual in nature ***d. mala prohibited crimes
Differences between social classes in the United States are based on a. income, lifestyles, and beliefs. c. age. b. cultural background. d. race
a?
Services
activities provided by another person.
which reflects an assumption of most adoption studies
adoptive parents and their adopted children are not genetically related
, ____________________ are the three factors that affect media consumption. Age, education, and income Age, gender, and interests Education, marital status, and race Education, gender, income
age gender income
A process whereby the media set the boundaries of public debate by deciding which issues to cover.
agenda setting
11.) In the United States, the primary agents of socialization include:
all of the above
15.) Traditional dating patterns include:
all of the above
21.)Elderly people fear dependency because:
all of the above
22.) Deviance viewed as the natural outgrowth of values, Norms, and structure of society:
all of the above
25.) Conflict theorist believe that:
all of the above
26.) The labeling theory:
all of the above
36.) what challenges do Americans with disabilities face?:
all of the above
culture
all the shared products of human groups
Which of the following would not improve students' safety at school?
allowing students to leave campus for lunch
bilocaliry
allows a newly married couple to choose whether they will live near the husband's or the wife's parents
Cultural Pluralism
allows each group within society to keep it's own unique cultural traits
What is proportional representation?
allows for minority viewpoints to have a voice in government
Which of the following statements about drug use is FALSE?
almost all people who use drugs are compulsive users
The treatment of illness with unconventional methods such as acupuncture.
alternative medicine
Dictatorship
an authoritarian system in which power is in the hands of a single individual
dictatorship
an authoritarian system in which power is in the hands of a single individual
Absolute Monarchy
an authoritarian system in which the hereditary ruler holds absolute power
absolute monarchy
an authoritarian system in which the hereditary ruler holds absolute power
theory
an explanation of the relationships among particular phenomena
criminal behavior is best defined as
an intentional act in violation of a criminal code
Goods
an item that one can use or consume.
interest group
an organization that attempts to influence the political decision making process.
Interest Group
an organization that attempts to influence the political decision-making process
Political Party
an organization that seeks to gain power through illegitimate means
political party
an organization that seeks to gain power through legitimate means
stereotype
an oversimplified, exaggerated, or unfavorable generalization about a group of people
instinct
an unchanging, biologically inherited behavior pattern
prejudice
an unsupported generalization about a category of people
WIllard Waker
analyzed American dating patterns
The situation that arises when the morns of society are unclear or are no longer applicable is referred to as
anomie
Multinational
any corporation that has factories and offices in several countries
multinational
any corporation that has factories and offices in several countries
drug
any substance that changes mood, behavior, or consciousness
symbol
anything that represents something else
So-called victimless crimes
are difficult to control
which crime is the exception to the hierarchy rule
arson
Which type of government would have a leader who would be hard to remove
authoritarian
Junta
authoritarian system in which a small group has seized power from the previous government force
Rational-Legal Authority
authority based on rules and regulations
sociological perspective
aviewing of the behavior of groups in a systematic way
3.) Anthropology is:
The comparative study of past and present cultures
Voluntary Childlessness
The concious choice to remain childless
population transfer
The confinement of Japanese Americans to relocation camps during WWII is an example of ..
population transfer
The confinement of Japanese Americans to relocation camps during World War II is an example of
true
The conflict between ideals and actions has been part of the American experience since the arrival of the white settlers on the North American continent in the 1500s. t/f
Police Discretion
The considerable power that the police have to decide who is actually arrested
Police discretion
The considerable power that the police have to decide who is actually arrested.
Our society's use of due process, involving police, courts, and punishment, to enforce the law. is called
The criminal justice system
Social integration
The degree of attachment people have to social groups or to society as a whole
discrimination
The denial of equal treatment to individuals based on their group membership. Behaviors.
Dependency ratio
The dependency ratio is the number of workers for each person receiving Social Security benefits.
true
The distinction between the sacred and profane is at the heart of all religions. t/f
Class system
The distribution of scarce resources and rewards is determined on the basis of achieved status in which social system
class system
The distribution of scarce resources and rewards is determined on the basis of achieved statuses in which system?
Class System
The distribution of scarce resources and rewards is determined on the basis of achieved statuses.
Social stratification
The division of society into categories, ranks, or classes
social stratification
The division of society into categories, ranks, or classes is called
educational reform
The educational issues facing the U.S. in the early 2000s include
a political force
The elderly in the U.S. have become ...
From the radical left view, the real crime in U.S. society is
The extend of economic inequality
genocide
The extermination of an entire targeted population is called ______.
True
The fair-weather liberal is a person who is not prejudiced but discriminates anyways b/c of societal pressure. (T/F)
Nuclear family
The family form of most recognizable to Americans
False
The family is the least important agent in socialization in almost every society
true
Opponents of bilingual education believe that this system interferes with the assimilation of students. t/f
true
The family is the most powerful agent of gender socialization. t/f
False
The fastest growing crime in America is white collar crime
Which of the following terms best describes profane?
Ordinary
During the Prohibition era, when the government outlawed the manufacture and sale of alcoholic beverages, which type of crime led to criminals gaining both wealth and power by making and distributing liquor to an eager public?
Organized crime
False
Our personalities are not influenced by whether or not we have brothers and sisters both or neither
Individuals that are primarily high-income business people and professionals are a. lower middle class. c. working class. b. upper middle class. d. working poor.
b
The division of society into categories, ranks, or classes is called a. caste system. c. social stratification. b. rank d. division.
b
The method of ranking social status that asks people to rank themselves is called the _____. a. Reputational method b. Subjective method c. Objective method d. Middle method
b
Today in the United States it is not at all uncommon for a woman to have her first child at what age? a. 20 c. 42 b. 30 d. 18
b
What is the gap between those with access to new technologies and those without called? a. the great divide c. the knowledge-gap hypothesis b. the digital divide d. the spiral of silence
b
Where does the shortage for physicians lie? a. specialists c. government b. general practitioners d. none of the above
b
according to the UCR, all of the following are considered violent crimes except a) forcible rape b) arson c) non negligent manslaughter d) robbery
b) arson
Socioeconomic status (SES) is a combination of a. all social factors. b. educational level and occupational prestige. c. place of residence and age. d. none of the above.
b?
The method of ranking social status that asks people to rank themselves is called the _____. a. Reputational method b. Subjective method c. Objective method d. Middle method
b?
What is the Matthew effect? a. A tendency for honors and recognition to go to those scientists who have already achieved recognition c. The refusal to share unpublished findings with colleagues. b. A tendency for honors and recognition to go to those scientists who have not achieved any previous recognition d. The influence of special interests when researching.
b?
charismatic authority
based on the personal characteristics of the individual exercising the power.
deviance
behavior that violates significant social norms
Racism
beliefs that one's own ethnic group is naturally superior to others
Kinship traced through both parents.
bilateral descent
Allows a newly married couple to choose whether they will live near the husbands or the wifes parents.
biolocality
early onset persistent antisocial behavior seems influenced by ____ factors, while late onset offending is influenced by _____ factors
biological; social
more likely
black on black- intraracial
12.) Some factors associated with regular use of drugs by teenagers are:
both a and b
24.) Conflict theorist believe that:
both a and b
Owners of the means of production in a capitalist society.
bourgeoisie
bourgeoisie
Owners of the means of production in a capitalist society.
The set of shared concepts, methods, and assumptions that make up scientific reality at any point in time.
Paradigm
school choice
Parents may receive a voucher equal to the amount their state spends on education for their child under the concept of
Cultural molding
Pass on norms and values true person so they internalize them and can participate in society
The vast majority of societies around the world focus on which authority pattern
Patriarchy
true
Patrilocal, matrilocal, and bilocal rules of residence encourage the development of extended family living. t/f
If a newly married couple is expected to live with or near the husband's parents they are most likely part of a
Patrilocality
False
Pavlov's dog helped proof that instinct is unchanging
Stats reveal all the following EXCEPT:
People older than 35 account for nearly three quarters of all arrests
ethnic group
People who share a common sense of identity.
19.) Research indicates all of the following EXCEPT:
People who were happy or fulfilled in their work rarely find retirement satisfying.
Material culture
Physical objects that people create and use form this for a culture
e-commerce
buisness conducted over the internet
E-Commerce
business conducted over the internet, based on information
corporation
business organization that is owned by stockholders
scapegoating
Placing the blame for one's troubles on an innocent individual or group.
Sanctions serve the following functions for corrections EXCEPT:
Plea Bargaining
segregation
Policies that physically separate a minority group from the dominant group.
such a household is expensive to support
Polygamy is relatively rare even in the societies where it is an acceptable marital system. This is because
Greek mythology, in which Zeus is the king of the gods, is a(n)
Polytheistic religion
9.)All of the following are examples of preindustrial societies except:
Postindustrial
Define poverty and name some of the characteristics that affect poverty.
Poverty is seen as a standard of living that is below the minimum level considered adequate by society. Some characteristics that affect poverty are age, sex, race, and ethnicity.
true
Power is the ability to control the behavior of other with or without their consent. t/f
Power
Power is the ability to control the behavior of others, with or without their consent.
Wright Mills stated that political power is exercised by and for a society's privileged few. This political model is known as the
Power-elite model
scapegoating
Practice of placing the blame for one's troubles on an innocent individual or group.
How would you classify a hunting and gathering society?
Preindustrial
Patrilineal descent is common in
Preindustrial socities
34.) An active bigot is:
Prejudiced and openly discriminatory
Which of the following is an example of a denomination?
Presbyterian Church
Americans are most likely to vote in an election for a
President
In the United States, which official is not elected on the basis of a simple plurality?
President
Prestige
Prestige is respect, honor, recognition, or courtesy an individual receives from other members of society.
3 broad categories in which relatives fit into
Primary Secondary Tertiary
Nonconformity that goes undetected by those in authority.
Primary deviance
Primary deviance
Primary deviance is nonconformity undetected by authority in which the individuals who commit deviant acts do not consider themselves to be deviant, and neither does society.
Prison overpopulation, recidivism, possible color blind justice
Problem in American criminal justice system
This ensures that minority parties receive a voice in the government.
Proportional representation
For which of the following offenses do police arrest mostly women?
Prostitution
True
Providing law enforcement jobs is a positive social function of deviance
The swimming statistics shown above most closely relate to which characteristic of sport as a social institution?
Quantification
Suppose that a member of Congress wants to limit the number of Japanese cars imported to the United States. Which of the following means might he or she support?
Quotas
Ethnicity is used to distinguish between groups based on cultural elements, but according to the information presented in the lecture ________ would encompass the details about a person like the shape of his or her features.
Race
de facto segregation
Racial segregation, especially in public schools, that happens "by fact" rather than by legal requirement
false
Racial stratification is almost extinct, thanks to reform attempts. t/f
Racism
Racism is the belief that one's own race or ethnic group is naturally superior to other races or ethnic groups.
racism
Racism is the belief that one's own race or ethnic group is naturally superior to other races or ethnic groups.
The bureaucratization of sports is closely tied to its
Rationalization
Life expectancy refers to the average number of years a person can expect to live. Give the reasons for shorter life expectancy of the poor.
Reasons for shorter life expectancy of the poor is based on inadequate nutrition and less access to medical treatment.
New money
Recently acquired wealth through own efforts
Define recidivism and explain its role in the criminal-justice system
Recidivism is the term used for repeat criminal behavior. Through the use of statistics gathered, the criminal justice system can use the recidivism rate as an indication of the effectiveness of the criminal justice system, that is, how many individuals are returning to the criminal justice system with new offenses after being released from the system.
Life Expectancy
Refers to the average number of years a person born in a particular year can be expected to live.
Vertical Mobility
Refers to the movement between social classes or strata
Mathew Effect
Refers to the tendency for honors and recognition to go to those scientists who have already achieved recognition. On the other hand, they tend to be withheld from scientists who have not yet made their mark.
Which of the following would a "selective separatist" most likely do?
Refrain from watching television
true
Religion serves as a powerful agent of social control, encouraging conformity to the norms of society. t/f
Attendance at worship services does not truly reflect religious involvement, and it is difficult to accurately measure people's
Religiosity
What four factors contributed to the rebirth of science in Europe?
Renaissance, Printing press, age of exploration, protestant reformation.
Recidivism
Repeated criminal behavior
By which method are individuals in a community asked to rank other community members based on what they know of their characteristics and lifestyles?
Reputational method
Matrilocality
Residential pattern in which a couple is expected to live near the wifes parents
Bilocality
Residential pattern in which a newly married couple is allowed to choose whos parents they live near
Patrilocality
Residential pattern in which a newly married couple is expected to live with or near the husband's parents
Neolocality
Residential pattern in which a newly married couple lives away from both sets of parents
Prestige
Respect honor and recognition received from society
Corrections are the sanctions used to punish criminals. Name the four sanctions and describe what they are.
Retribution: punishment serves as an act of revenge for the victim and society. Deterrence: corrections intended to discourage the individual and society from committing future crimes. Rehabilitation: places to reform criminals so they can return to society as law-abiding citizens. Social Protection: this limits the freedom of the offenders, thereby protecting society from the offender committing further acts.
Which of the following is a crime against persons?
Robbery
Which serious crime is both a property crime and a violent crime?
Robbery
23.) The concepts of culturally approved goals and the legitimate means of achieving these goals was devised by:
Robert K. Merton
The concept of culturally approved goals and the legitimate means of achieving these goals was devised by
Robert K. Merton
True
Role conflict occurs when for filling the role expectations of one status makes it difficult to for fill the role expectations of another status
A rating that combines social factors such as educational level, occupational prestige, and place of residence with the economic factor of income.
SES
How is socioeconomic status used to determine an individual's rank in society?
SES determines rank in society based on the individuals wealth, power, and prestige. These factors are the result of an individual's education, occupation, and income.
Retribution, deterrence, rehabilitation, protect society
Sanction serve the following functions
True
Scapegoating- place the blame for one's troubles on an innocent individual or group- is a sociological explanation of discrimination and prejudice. (T/F)
Caste System
Scarce resources and rewards are distributed on the basis of ascribed statuses
caste system
Scarce resources and social rewards are distributed on the basis of ascribed statuses in
Scarcity
Scarcity is the basic economic problem that humans have unlimited wants in a world of limited resources.
false
Schools do not teach socially acceptable forms of behavior. t/f
The pursuit of knowledge through systematic methods.
Science
____ is the pursuit of knowledge through systematic methods.
Science
An objective and systematic way of collecting information and arriving at conclusions.
Scientific Method
Secondary Relatives
Second Closest. Grandparents, grandchildren, in-laws, aunts, uncles
Secondary deviance
Secondary deviance is the nonconformity that results in the individuals who commit acts of primary deviance being labeled as deviant and accepting that label as true.
Using raw materials to manufacture goods.
Secondary sector
44.) A relatively small religious organization that typically has split off from a denomination is referred to as:
Sect
Conflict Theory
See competition over scarse resources as the cause of social inequality. Work based on the Marxist theory.
physical separation by policies
Segregation
de jure segregation
Segregation based on laws is called _____
Segregation
Segregation refers to the physical separation of a minority group from the dominant group.
segregation
Segregation refers to the physical separation of a minority group from the dominant group.
A ___________ is a prediction that results in behavior that makes the prediction come true.
Self-fulfilling prophecy
Marriage
Set of norms that specify the ways in which family structure should be organized
Paradigm
Set of shared concepts, methods, and assumptions that make up the scientific reality at any point in time.
a small company
Silicon Valley is
True
Since 1993 violent crime rates are going down
false
Single parenthood has no effect on either parents or children. t/f
Patriarchy
Situation in which the father holds most of the authority
patriarchy
Situation in which the father holds most of the authority.
democratic socialism
Situation in which the government owns some of the factors of production.
Egalitarian
Situation in which the mother and father share authority
__________ is the ownership of one person by force.
Slavery
Slavery
Slavery is ownership of one group of people by another group.
slavery
Slavery is ownership of one group of people by another group.
Management of a corporation by its stockholders is typically practiced by
Small corporations
Which of the following groups does NOT work to bring national attention to the elderly?
Social Security Administration
true
Social classes in the United States are usually divided into three classes—upper class, middle class, and lower class. t/f
Cluster effect
Social factor that triggers "copycat" suicides
Marxist theory sees crimes as a product of
Social inequality
Social inequality
Social inequality is an unequal sharing of social rewards and resources.
false
Social mobility is not an important feature of an open class system. t/f
Criminologists
Social scientist who study criminal behaviour
The division of society into categories, ranks, or classes is called
Social stratification
Class system
Social stratification based on both birth and individual achievement
Social stratification
Social stratification is the ranking of individuals or categories of people on the basis of unequal access to scarce resources and social rewards.
true
Socialism is a system in which the government regulates the factors of production. t/f
Give a brief description of strain theory.
Society places a high value on certain goals. However, not everyone can achieve these goals. Nonetheless, society expects them to meet these goals and society judges them according to how well they do. When they fail, individuals fall victim to anomie. They are left without sufficient guidelines for behavior, thus confusing both the individuals and society.
true
Society's future largely depends on the successful socialization of new members. t/f
all social factors
Socioeconomic status (SES) is a combination of
attended college
Sociologist Samuel Bowles found that among the highest-achieving high school students, most of those from wealthy families
Demographics estimate that more than 15% of today's young adults will never marry
Sociologist note that most young people today are delaying marriage in order to finish their education and to launch their career. Also note that the increase in the number of unmarried couple may possibly be the result of more couples living together outside of marriage.in 2000 there was more than 3.8 million cohabiting couples. 25% of women amon 25 and 39 are cohabiting. Cohabiting now proceed more than half of all first marriages
Conflict perspective
Sociologist to view society as having constant conflict in competition
In 1890 the median age at first marriage in the United States was 22 years for women and 26 years for men by 1960 had dropped to 20 women and 22 for men however in 2000 for women 25 for men 26
Sociologist view this tendency toward later marriage as an indication that being single has once again become an acceptable alternative to being married
Jane Addams
Sociologist who set up a full house in Chicago to help the poor
True
Sociologists are concerned with the reactions of people to certain physical characteristics and how these reactions affect individuals in society. (T/F)
true
Sociologists are concerned with the reactions of people to certain physical characteristics and how these reactions affect individuals in society. t/f
Objective Method
Sociologists define social class in terms of factors such as income occupation and education.
true
Sociologists define the term race as a category of people who share inherited physical characteristics. t/f
True
Sociologists found that the effects of institutionalization on infants will result in slower development of their mental physical and emotional skills
Studies suggest that children of divorced parents have more emotional problems and are lower achievers and children of parents who have not divorced. some 40% of the children are still struggling to adjust ten years after their parents divorced
Sociologists suggest several reasons for the high divorce rate
the set of norms that establishes and characterizes the relationship between married individuals
Sociologists use the term marriage to refer to ..
Changes from the Industrial Revolution, growth of factories, growth of cities, new people groups, growth of new problems, question about the explanation of life
Sociology as an academic discipline developed as a result of this
43% of the marriage is occurring today have previously been married. Majority of the people who get divorced- about 75% -eventually remarry
Some 65% of families created by remarriage involve children from prior marriages. About 30% of children under the age of 18 now live in stepfamilies. More than 50% of Americans have been are now or will be members of step families. Studies have shown that it takes about four years for children to accept a stepparent. About 60% of all remarriages eventually end in divorce
false
Some educators believe the worst approach to curbing violence in schools is to teach young people how to resolve their disputes peacefully. t/f
are dissatisfied with the quality of education offered by the public schools, have certain ideological or religious reasons, feel that public-school education does not meet the needs or interests of their children
Some parents choose to home school because they
dissatisfied, reasons, does not meet needs
Some parents choose to home school because they
true
Some parents home-school their children for ideological or religious reasons. t/f
capitalism
Some people believe that the collapse of communism leaves which of the following as the only visible economic system?
Immigrants in the 1900s were mainly from
Southern and Eastern Europe
Immigrants in the 1900s were mainly from
Southern and Eastern Europe.
A dynamic whereby people who disagree with opinions in the mass media are less likely to voice their views.
Spiral on Silence
What is one way to limit power in a democracy?
Spread power over many different groups
What does the No Child Left Behind act require?
Standards-based tests in reading, math, and science
Accommodation
State of balance between cooperation and conflict
A repeat of this study from 10 years later found that family violence had decreased somewhat
Statistics collected by the US Department of Justice suggest that female victims of abuse and murder have dropped while the number of male victims have stayed the same. Surveys by child advocacy groups suggest that child abuse is also increasing
strong
Statistics show a _____ relationship between education and income
Intergenerational Mobility
Status differences between generations in the same family- considered a special type of vertical mobility
Social institution is a system of _____, _____,_____, and _____
Statuses Roles Values Norms basic needs
Strain theory (Merton)
Strain theory is a theory of deviant behavior that views deviance as the natural outgrowth of the values, norms, and structure of society.
46.) Statictis show a(n) ___ relationship between education and income:
Strong
Emile Durkheim reasoned that crime is quite normal and performs important functions for the operation of society. This assessment fits which theoretical approach?
Structural-functional approach
Which of the following statements shows support for the bilingual education system?
Students gain knowledge of other subjects in their native language until they gain fluency in English
Increase in the number of married couples who never have children.in 2000 22% of married women between the ages of 30 and 44 had no children among childless married women in the early thirties a little more than 40% had no plans to have children in the future
Studies have found that married couples who choose to remain childless often have high levels of education and income
have a better self-image
Studies show that daughters of working women may
Women's participation in the labor force is influenced by the ages of their children. In 1998 about 62% of married women with children under the age of 6 what employed outside the home compared to 77% with children between the ages of 6 and 17 The Family and Medical Leave Act requires companies with more than 50 workers to give up to 12 weeks of unpaid leave to parents of newborns the law also covers what are those who need to take time to arrange for the adoption of a child or to take care for a sick spouse child or parent
Studies suggest that the daughters of working women may benefit they often have a better self image are more independent and are higher achievers then daughters of non working
A doctor whose father works as a janitor would be an example of _____. a. Horizontal mobility b. Vertical mobility c. Intergenerational mobility d. Parallel mobility
c
In 1960 there were a dozen U.S. states that made interracial marriages a. legal. c. illegal. b. common. d. none of the above
c
Respected individuals in the community who review and evaluate media messages and then pass the information to friends and acquaintances are called a. sociologists. c. opinion leaders. b. lobbyists. d. gatekeepers.
c
The most common marital system in the majority of preindustrial societies around the world is a. neolocality. c. polygamy. b. matrilocality. d. monogamy.
c
The unequal sharing of scarce resources and social rewards is called a. the caste system. c. social stratification. b. social inequality. d. societal rank.
c
What do most sociologist argue is the most-devastating family disruption? a. interracial marriage c. family violence b. changing religious faiths d. divorce
c
Which of the following is NOT a function of the family? a. regulation of sexual activity c. to create residential patterns b. socialization d. economic security
c
all of the following are considered executive functions except a) logic b) reasoning c) fidgeting d) problem solving
c) fidgeting
all of the following statements are true of the amygdala except a) it is small and almond shaped b) it is located in the limbic system c) it is especially hardy and unaffected by developmental experiences d) it is associated with impulsive aggression
c) it is especially hardy and unaffected by developmental experiences
Socioeconomic status (SES) is a rating that combines the following social factors EXCEPT a. educational level. c. race and ethnicity. b. occupational prestige. d. place of residence
c. race and ethnicity.
A paradigm, as described by Thomas S. Kuhn, a. measures technological change over time. b. is the same as "normal science." c. determines the topics of scientific inquiry and shapes the interpretations of data. d. argues that scientific theories are not blindly accepted
c?
The division of society into categories, ranks, or classes is called a. caste system. c. social stratification. b. rank d. division.
c?
What is the sociology of science? a. The scientific revolution. c. The sociological investigation of how scientific knowledge develops. b. The sociological investigation of how the scientific method was developed. d. The study of biotechnological developments
c?
which personality feature, commonly associated with antisocial behavior, shows high hereditability and little environmental influence?
callous-unemotional traits
What is another word for free-enterprise systems
capitalism
In a ____, a person is assigned a status at birth and remains at that level throughout life.
caste system
System in which scarce resources and social rewards are distributed on the basis of ascribed statuses.
caste system
System in which scarce resources and social rewards are distributed on the basis of ascribed statuses.
catse system
cultural universals
certain features that are developed to ensure the fullfilment of some needs of society and are common to all cultures
What stage in life does political socialization begin?
childhood
The distribution of scarce resources and rewards is determined on the basis of achieved statuses in which system?
class system
The distribution of scarce resources and rewards that is determined on the basis of achieved status.
class system
when a person is arrested for a crime, charged with the offense and remanded to the court for prosecution, the offense is considered to be
cleared by arrest
rational-legal authority
clearly outline the rights and obligations of those in power
the ability to understand another's emotions is called
cognitive empathy
psychological criminology recently shifted its focus to a more ___ and ____ approach to the study of criminal behavior
cognitive; developmental
white ethnics
collective reference to immigrants from the predominantly Catholic countries of Ireland, Italy, France, Poland, and Greece
Baby-Boom Generation
collective term for the approximately 76 million children born in the US from 1946 through 1964
Democratic Socialism
combination of a democratic government and a socialist economy
democratic socialism
combination of democratic government and socialists economy.
free-enterprise systems
commitment to limited government control of the business operations
Scientific norms include universalism, organized skepticism,______, and disinterestedness.
communalism
The belief that all scientific knowledge should be made available to everyone in the scientific community.
communalism
totalitarianism
complete authority over the lives of individual citizens.
Gender
comprises the behavioral and psychological traits considered appropriate for men and women
secondary sector
concentrates on the use of raw materials to manufacture goods.
ADHD frequently co-occurs with which diagnostic category
conduct disorder
a repetitive and persistent behavior that violates others' rights is the hallmark of
conduct disorder
which diagnostic term represents a cluster of behaviors in children characterized by repetitive and persistent misbehavior
conduct disorder
Karl Marx
conflict, had very radical ideas
Strain Theory
conformity- accept goals and norms innovation- accepts goals and rejects norms ritualism- rejects goals and accepts norms retreatism- rejects goals and norms rebellion- reject and replace goals and norms
Law of Demand
consumes will demand more of a product as the price of the product decreases
dysfunctional
containing a negative consequence for the stability of the social system
In a purely capitalist system, the economy is regulated by self-interest and
corporations??
sandwich generation
couples caught between the needs of their children and those of their parents
which statement reflects the basic premise of strain theory
crime occurs when there is a discrepancy between the materialistic values and goals
A large scale organization of professional criminals that controls some vice or business through violence or the threat of violence.
crime syndicate
18.) Unemployment rate varies according to such factors as:
cultural background, age, gender, and race.
________ allows each group within society to keep its unique cultural identity.
cultural pluralism
50.) Oswald Spenglers and pitirim sorokins theories of social change can be described as:
cyclical
Factors that have contributed to heterogamy include a. higher college enrollments. b. geographical mobility. c. participation of women in the work force. d. all of the above
d
Families that experience unemployment and poverty over several generations are considered a. working class. c. lower middle class. b. working poor. d. underclass.
d
From Gallup poll results, what are the concerns about the U.S. health care system? a. health care cost c. access to health care b. equality of the health care d. all of the above
d
In recent decades, the traditional family has been replaced by a. dual-earner families. c. childless families. b. one-parent families d. all of the above
d
Social class is a group of people with similar levels of a. wealth c. prestige b. power d. all of the above
d
Techniques used to rank individuals according to social class are a. reputational. c. objective. b. subjective. d. all of the above
d
The United States spends a higher percentage of its GDP on health care than ____. a. Japan c. France b. Germany d. any other country in the world
d
The residential pattern found most commonly in industrial societies is a. patrilocality. c. matrilocality. b. bilocality. d. neolocality
d
Those with the highest risk for becoming infected with HIV are a. homosexual and bisexual men. c. the sexual partners of high risk people. b. intravenous drug abusers. d. all of the above
d
What are some of the factors that have contributed to the rapid rise in health care cost? a. hospital care c. prescription drugs b. advances in medical technology d. all of the above
d
What is the process by which the media set the boundaries of public debate by deciding which issues will receive coverage and which ones will not? a. spiral of silence c. opinion leaders b. social capital d. agenda setting
d
Where would you be more likely to find proper health care? a. farm c. rural area b. inner-city d. wealthy urban area
d
all of the following information is found in the Uniform Crime Reports except a) crime rates b) homicide rates c) clearance rates d) conviction rates
d) conviction rates
which statement most accurately summarizes findings on twin and adoption studies a) one's environment significantly impacts the frequency and severity of criminal behavior b) genetic factors have little impact on antisocial behavior c) the environment in which a child is raised has little impact on the likelihood of antisocial behavior d) genes may influence one's susceptibility or resistance to environmental risk factors
d) genes may influence one's susceptibility or resistance to environmental risk factors
all of the following are consistent with the developmental approach to the study of crime except a) examining factors that place a child at risk of engaging in serious delinquency b) identifying the age of onset of antisocial behavior c) searching for protective factors in a child's life d) obtaining a child's IQ score as he or she enters adolescence
d) obtaining a child's IQ score as he or she enters adolescence
which statement is true about self-report studies of criminal behavior a) been found to be more accurate with female subjects b) based on data provided by law enforcement c) attempt to measure only prior involvement in felonies d) suggest that crime is committed by all socioeconomic classes
d) suggest crime is committed by all socioeconomic classes
Identify the letter of the best choice. Next, expand on the subject by answering the second part.
d. all of the above important components include sending the criminal to prison, having them on parole or probation, and if possible community service
An open class system is based on social mobility that includes a. horizontal mobility. c. intergenerational mobility. b. vertical mobility. d. all of the above
d?
The United States has an open class system based on social mobility that includes a. horizontal mobility. c. intergenerational mobility. b. vertical mobility. d. all of the above
d?
The distribution of scarce resources and rewards is determined on the basis of achieved statuses in which system? a. an open system c. a closed system b. a caste system d. a class system
d?
Which of the following is a scientific counter-norm? a. organized skepticism c. universalism b. communalism d. organized dogmatism
d?
overall number of criminal offenses that go undetected or are unknown by law enforcement are known as the
dark figure
Segregation based on informal norms is ______.
de facto segregation
Segregation based on laws is called __
de jure segregation
Segregation based on laws is called _____.
de jure segregation
Primary Sector
deals with the extraction of raw materials from the environment
historically, most self-report investigations focused on
delinquency
Aid specifically designed to foster a democratic opening in a nondemocratic country is known as
democracy aid
Discrimination
denial of equal treatments of individuals based on their group membership
A paradigm, as described by Thomas S. Kuhn,
determines the topics of scientific inquiry and shapes the interpretations of data.
building railroads. work in good mines.
The first wave of Asian immigrants was in the West Coast in the 1850 brought here for..
cheap labor on railroads
The first wave of Asian immigrants was on the West Coast in 1850 was brought here for
African American woman old
The following groups are more likely to participate regularly in religious services:
African Americans, women and older citizens
The following groups at more likely to participate regularly in religious services
The number of high school graduates will rise to 80 percent or more
The following is not a goal included in the Goals 2000: Educate America Act:
education
The following serves to screen and select the members of society for the work they will do as adults
Differential Association
The frequency and closeness of associations a person has with deviant and no deviant individuals
Internet
The global network that links millions of computers is the
global economy
The global network that links millions of computers is the ...
genocide
The goal of extermination of a targeted population.
The phenomenon where one in every five Americans will be elderly is also called __________.
The graying of America
The graying of America
The graying of America is the phenomenon of the growing percentage of elderly Americans as part of the total U.S. population.
positivist theory is to ______ as classical theory is to ___________
determinism; free will
Cultural Transmission Theory
deviance is a learned behavior- through interaction with others who are engaging in deviant behavior
Emile Durkheim
did the first suicide study
The gap between those with access to new technologies and those without.
digital divide
Labeling theory
The label theory is a theory that focuses on how individuals come to be labeled as deviant.
Roman Catholic Church
The largest religious membership in the U.S. belongs to the
Denial of equal treatment to individuals based on their group membership
discrimination
Describe life expectancy for the poor Americans compared to the wealthy Americans. Why?
The life expectancy is lower due to the fact that they don't have the same access as wealthy Americans to healthcare .
subjugation
The maintaining of control over a group through force.
Monogamy
The marriage of one man to one woman
Polygamy
The marriage of one person to one or more people at a time--is more common
Poverty Level
The minimum income
polygamy
The most common martial system in the majority of preindustrial societies around the world is ..
True
The most common patterns of minority treatment include assimilation, segregation, subjugation, and legal protection. (T/F)
List the most important components of the criminal-justice system.
The most important components of the criminal-justice system are police, courts, and corrections.
cohesion, control, and support
The most important functions of religion include
social cohesion, emotional support, social control
The most important functions of religion include
Social mobility
The movement between or within social classes or strata
False
The movement of an individual with in a social class is known as vertical mobility
Horizontal Mobility
The movement within a social class or strata.
Incest taboo
The norms of forbidding sexual relations or marriage between certain relatives
Family of orientation
The nuclear family into which a person is born or adopted
Family of Orientation
The nuclear family into which the person is born or adopted. Individual, parents, siblings.
Bourgeoisie
The owners of the means of production are
false
The owners of the means of production in a capitalist society are known as the proletariat. t/f
slavery
The ownership of one person by another.
Prejudice and____ are separate but related features of the minority experience
discrimination
active bigot
discriminatory and open about it
Explain how the poverty level is determined.
The poverty level is defined by the U.S. Bureau of the Census and it is determined by calculating the cost of providing an adequate diet. This number is then multiplied by three, because research has indicated that poor people spend a third of their income on food.
Racial Profiling
The practice that assumes that nonwhite Americans are more likely to commit crimes than white Americans
Scientists should seek truth, not personal gain.
disinterestedness
Racial profiling
The practice that assumes that nonwhite Americans are more likely to commit crimes than white Americans.
true
The primary political authority in society is the state. t/f
Tertiary
The primary relatives of an individual's secondary relatives. Include great grandparents, great grandchildren, great aunts, great uncle, and cousins
6.)Internalization is:
The process by which a norm becomes a part of an individual's personality, thus conditioning that individual to conform to society's expectations
Socialization
The process by which people learn customs and values of their culture.
Degradation ceremony
The process of labeling an individual as deviant which is usually performed in some type of a public setting in which the individual is found guilty, denounced, and given the new identity of deviant.
Degradation Ceremony
The process of labelling an individual as deviant which is usually performed in some type of a public setting in which the individual is found guilty, denounced, and given the new identity of deviant
Resocialization
The process of learning new norms, values, attitudes, and behaviors
Plea Bargaining
The process of legal negotiation that allows an individual to plead guilty to a lesser charge in return for a lighter sentence
Plea bargaining
The process of legal negotiation that allows an individual to plead guilty to a lesser charge in return for a lighter sentence.
Economic Activity
The production of goods and series
Social Stratification
The ranking of individuals or categories of people on the basis of unequal access to scarce resources and social rewards.
ADAM, Monitoring the Future, and NSDUH are all examples of surveys that collect data on
drug use
One out of every two marriages eventually ends in divorce. There are more than 19.8 million Americans over the age of 19 who are divorced and the US divorce rate is the highest in the world at 4.2
The rate of divorce varies among different segments of the population and also varies by race and ethnicity and eduaction
Deviance
The recognized violation of cultural norms
What is a great way for a company to automate its purchases?
e-commerce
false
The reputational method is always the best method for determining social class. t/f
neolocality
The residential pattern found most commonly in industrial societies is
neolocality
The residential pattern found most commonly in industrial societies is ...
Prestige
The respect, honor, recognition or courtesy an individual recieves from other members of society.
that distinct groups blend into a single group with common cultures and identities
The result of cultures assimilation is ..
false
The secondary sector deals with getting goods and services to the consumer. t/f
ethnicity
The set of cultural characteristics that distinguish one group from another.
Marriage
The set of norms that establishes and characterizes the relationship between married individuals
Sociologist use the term marriage to refer to
The set of norms that establishes and characterizes the relationship between married individuals
Neolocality
The setting up of a residential pattern apart from both sets of parents
Anomie
The situation that arises when the norms of society are unclear or are no longer applicable
Economics
The social science that deals with the production, distribution, and consumption of goods and services
Psychology
The social science that differs from sociology by focusing on individual behavior rather than on group behavior
Which represents the best method by which a company could automate its purchases
e-commerce
primary sector
economic sector that deals with the extraction of raw materials from the environment
Socioeconomic status
The socioeconomic status is a rating that combines social factors such as level of education, occupational prestige, and place of residence with the economic factor of income in order to determine an individual's relative position in the stratification system.
Cultural diffusion
The spread of ideas, customs, and technologies from one people to another
Explain how someone in the US. can live more comfortably than someone in a different nation yet still have a hard time affording basic needs.
The standard of living in the U.S. is higher than other countries.
Medicaid
The state and federally funded health insurance program for low-income individuals
false
The subjective method is used to define social class by income, occupation, and education. t/f
capitalism
economic system in which individuals own the factors of production
true
The term economic institution refers to the system that governs the production, distribution, and consumption of goods. t/f
communism
economic system in which property is communally owned
Race
The term race refers to a category of people who share inherited physical characteristics and who are perceived by others as being a distinct group.
race
The term race refers to a category of people who share inherited physical characteristics and who are perceived by others as being a distinct group.
false
The tertiary sector emphasis shifts to getting raw materials to the manufacturer. t/f
Wealth
The total value of money and other assets
Gross Domestic Product
The total value of the goods and services that a country produces
social inequality
The unequal sharing of scarce resources and social rewards is called
HIV
The virus that causes AIDS and is transmitted through sexual contact, contaminated blood and tissue, and contaminated hypodermic needles.
75 cents to the dollar
The wage gap-the level of women's income relative to that of men-is currently
Situation in which the mother and father share authority.
egalitarian
75 cents to the dollar
The wage gap—the level of women's income relative to that of men—is currently
false
The women's movement in the United States began almost 250 years ago in the 1700s. t/f
Psychological and physical development and a caring environment
Their children. Strongly to the conclusion that our social behavior comes from what
true
There are close to 200 possible categories of relatives in a kinship system. t/f
false
There are five basic types of stratification. t/f
The practice of polygyny in pre industrial societies generally occurs when
There are large areas of land available for cultivation
true
There are no biologically pure races. t/f
two strong indicators of temperament
emotionality and activity
compared to the cumulative risk model, the developmental cascade model
emphasizes the interaction among risk factors
Proportional Representation
ensures that minority parties (minority views) receive a voice in the government
proportional representation
ensures that minority parties receive a voice in the government
Social control
This comes on norms are being conformed to buy almost all people in society
Mixed Economy
This economic system has elements of both a free market and command economy
Emile Durkheim
This person conducted research on suicide many years ago that are still hopeful to us as we study at today
Homogamy
This tendency to choose and marry mates who resemble us in all of these ways is called Homogamy.
Working
Those who have jobs that require manual labor are usually in the ____________________ class
The digital divide describes the gap between
Those with access to technology.
homosexual and bisexual men, the sexual partners of high risk people, intravenous drug abusers
Those with the highest risk for becoming infected with HIV are
How do children learn gender role behaviors?
Through socialization
Early ages because it is the most influential years
Time and socialization is the most significant
Which of the following is NOT a function of the family
To create residential patterns Regulation of sexual activity Socialization Economic security
As the basic and most intimate primary group in society the family is expected
To guide the individual's psychological development and to provide him or her with a loving and caring environment
According to the functionalist perspective, what is the ultimate goal of education?
To maintain and perpetuate the stability of society
Patrilineal Descent
To track kinship through the father's family
patrilineal descent
To track kinship through the father?s family.
Martilineal Descent
To track kinship through the mother's family
30
Today in the U.S. it is not all uncommon for a woman to have her first child at what age?
doctor, university professors, computer scientists
Today in the U.S. women are pursuing nontraditional careers as ...
30
Today in the United States it is not at all uncommon for a woman to have her first child at what age?
doctors. university professors. computer scientists
Today in the United States women are pursuing nontraditional careers as
Means of production
Tools, buildings and materials needed to produce goods and services.
What is the most extreme form of authoritarianism?
Totalitarianism
45.) The assignment of students to different types of educational programs is considered:
Tracking
26 dates allow marriages between first cousins
True
51.) Folkways are norms that describe socially acceptable behavior but do not have great moral significance attached to them:
True
58.) The social problems of teenage drug and alcohol abuse are contributing factors to the rate of suicide among young people in the United States:
True
59.) Gerontology is the scientific study of the processes and phenomena of aging:
True
60.) Dependably is the shift from being an independent adult to being dependent on others for physical and/or financial assistance:
True
62.) Plea bargaining allows courts to reduce their already huge caseloads:
True
63.) Police discretion is used when deciding who will be arrested:
True
65.) The apartheid system in South Africa was an example of legal discrimination:
True
67.) The Civil Rights Act of 1964 outlawed legal discrimination in the United States:
True
68.) Sociologists interpret cross-cultural variations as evidence that gender roles are socially created:
True
69.) There are several groups that work to bring the special needs of the elderly to national attention:
True
72.) Since the 1970s the percentage of married women with children and careers has grown:
True
73.) Power is the ability to control the behavior of other with or without their consent:
True
76.) Educational reform, educational alternatives, violence in schools, and English as a second language are educational issues facing the United States during the early 2000s:
True
79.) An expensive crowd is one that forms around emotionally charged activities:
True
A conflict sociologist might see giving gold stars to students as a form of controlling behavior for a hidden agenda.
True
A domestic manufacturer is more likely to support trade barriers than its foreign competition.
True
A majority of Americans hold religion in high regard.
True
A new development in the political arena is that more women are holding statewide positions, which has increased from four percent in years past to twenty-nine percent.
True
According to the article, "President Bush Proposes Health Savings Accounts," about 46 million of the U.S. population are uninsured.
True
An increase in childlessness is a recent trend in American family
True
An increase of childlessness is a recent trend in American family life
True
Family violence is the most devastating family disruption
True
Few families can survive on a single salary.
True
Football is an example of direct competition.
True
Homogamy is based on characteristics such as age religion and race
True
Homogamy is based on characteristics such as age, socioeconomic status, religion, and race.
True
In 1972 the Equal Rights Amendment was formed and was ratified by 38 states.
True
In Russia many physicians and sanitation workers are women while in the us it is the men
True
In Syria there are three possible patterns of authority in families
True
In a government based on authoritarianism, power rests firmly with the state.
True
What would be a socialist viewpoint?
equal access to goods and services cannot be guaranteed if the means of production are owned by individuals
People who have a common cultural background and a common sense of identity.
ethnic group
In industrialized societies many of the traditional functions of the family have been taken over by other social institutions. For example the educational system plays a major role in socializing young people similarly the government for Phils many of the economic functions that would be the task of families in traditional societies
True
In just two decades, AIDS has become one of the most serious public health problems in the United States and worldwide.
True
In most societies labour is divided on the basis of gender. Most socities also have a division of labor based on age
True
In theory there are three possible patterns of authority in families
True
In theory, there are three possible patterns of authority in families.
True
Incest taboo is found universally but the relatives that are included in this taboo vary from society to society
True
Mass media influences socialization.
True
Modern sport focuses heavily on achievement.
True
No one thing is considered to be sacred by everyone.
True
No universal norm limits the number of marriage partners an individual may have
True
One of the functions of the family is to teach children how to survive in the society around them
True
Since the 1970s the percentage of married women children and careers has grown
True
Socialism is a system in which the government regulates the factors of production.
True
Some form of family organization exists in all societys however the exact nature of the family varies from society to society and even within societies
True
Sport as a social institution is a relatively recent phenomenon.
True
The Social Revolution was responsible for the media's increasing role in people's lives.
True
The United States spends a higher percentage of its gross domestic product on health care than any other country in the world.
True
The Yanomamo consider marriages between parallel cousins incestuous
True
The family is the most powerful agent of gender socialization.
True
The lakher of Southeast Asia individuals can marry their maternal half siblings but not their paternal half-siblings
True
The majority of American adults marry at least once during their lifetime
True
The majority of people in the United States belong to the same political party as their parents.
True
The most universal social institution is the family every society organized is its members
True
The most universal social institution is the family; every society organizes its members into families.
True
The primary political authority in society is the state.
True
The rise of sport as a social institution is directly linked to the rise of modern industrial society.
True
The term economic institution refers to the system that governs the production, distribution, and consumption of goods.
True
The tertiary sector emphasis shifts to getting raw materials to the manufacturer.
True
There are close to 200 possible categories of relatives in a kinship system
True
Today more women work as lawyers and doctors which was rare in the 1800s
True
True or False: A breakthrough in technology is often a trigger for unemployment.
True
True or False: Poverty is a relative measure.
True
What constitutes a society varies from society to society
True
Yoga can be considered an alternative medicine.
True
One reason for the rise in health care costs in the United States is the nation's rapidly expanding elderly population.
True (?)
Patrilocal, matrilocal, and bilocal rules of residence encourage the development of extended family living.
True (?)
Science fiction depicts how science, both real and imaginary, affects individuals and society.
True (?)
Until the 1400s the principle mass medium in Europe was the hand-written book.
True (?) (Printing press was invented in 1501 so?)
Fears of malpractice lawsuits are playing a part in the increased use of expensive diagnostic equipment.
True (I guess??)
Just because a person has HIV, it does not mean that they also have AIDS.
True (though AIDS will eventually be caused in the body due to the HIV virus)
An example of an entrepreneur would be someone who opened up a gourmet popcorn store in the local mall.
True???? i dont know
TEDS is an acronym for
Twins' Early Development Study
Jim Crow Laws
US laws that permitted African American Segregation
Idea that scientific research should be judged solely on the basis of quality.
Universalism
Conflict sociologists believe that the social control of schools serves to produce
Unquestioning citizens
prejudice
Unsupported generalization about a category of people. Attitudes.
Legal Discrimination
Upheld by the law.
Which of the following is not a characteristic of sport that distinguishes it as a social institution?
Urbanization
From a conservative view, the most effective social control in reference to crime is
Values that produce a strong individual consience
false
Very few societies base access to social rewards and resources on race or ethnicity. t/f
What type of offense directly harms no one but the offenders?
Victimless crime
Explain victimless crimes.
Victimless crimes are crimes such as prostitution, illegal gambling, illegal drug use, and vagrancy.These are viewed as victimless crimes because they supposedly harm no one except for the person committing the crime.
Societies with animistic religions
View spirits in animals, wind, and plants as supernatural
Functionalist Theory
View stratification as a necessary feature of social structure. First proposed by Kingsley Davis and Wilbert Moore
Which of the following poses a threat to American democracy?
Voter apathy
Level of a woman's income relative to that of a man.
Wage gap
Culture
Way of life, relationships, social trends, cultural changes etc.
Economic systems
Ways in which countries organize the production of goods and services
Wealth
Wealth is the most obvious dimension of social stratification because it is made up of the value of everything the person owns and money earned through salaries and wages.
true
Wealth, power, and prestige define a social class. t/f
How is social status directly related to health care?
Wealthy Americans receive adequate health care
How is social status directly related to health care?
Wealthy Americans receive adequate medical care.
According to the knowledge gap hypothesis, who benefits most by the introduction of new information to a society?
Wealthy and more-educated people
What is the best explanation for why public schools in wealthy area offer students better life chances?
Wealthy school districts are better funded than poor districts .
Where would you be more likely to find proper health care?
Wealthy urban area
One parent families account for about 25% of the families in the US. Women had about 8 out of every 10 of these one parent families
Weiss identified 3 problems common to single parent experience responsibility overload, task overload, emotional overload
The Asian Americans settled usually in which location?
West Coast
The Asian Americans settled usually in which location?
West coast
raising prices
What are many businesses doing to ease e-commerce consumers' fears about loss of privacy?
hospital care, prescription drugs, advances in medical technology
What are some of the factors that have contributed to the rapid rise in health care cost?
pre post industrial
What are the different types of economic systems?
preindustrial, postindustrial, industrial
What are the different types of economic systems?
George Murdock
examined cultures to determine commonalitites, found more than 65
Narcissism
excessive self-love and self-absorption
control theory
explains deviance as a natural occurence
primary sector
extraction of raw materials
All of the following characteristics are used to determine race except
eye color
Vagrancy is a crime against property.
f
George Simmens
fair types of conflict
Science emerged as a recognizable system of study in 800s B.C.
falsE?
A division that is based on individual characteristics, abilities, and behaviors does not lead to social inequality. t/f?
false
A person's sex is socially created, while gender is biologically determined. t/f
false
African Americans were confined to U.S. relocation camps during World War II. t/f
false
African Americans, Asian Americans, Hispanics, and American Indians have all faced the same levels of discrimination and prejudice. t/f
false
American society is made up of people of the same cultural background. t/f
false
Ethnicity and race are two words that mean the same thing.
false
Ethnicity and race are two words that mean the same thing. t/f
false
Family trees on the mothers side of the family are the only way to map relationships with members if their extended families. t/f/?
false
Functionalist sociologists believe that the mass media does not perform any duties that support stability and a smooth operation of society. t/f?
false
Health care costs have not been affected by advances in medical technology.t/f?
false
Homogamy is marriage between individuals who have different social characteristics. t/f?
false
In the 1900s, Asian immigrants mainly settled in the Southwest, while Hispanics settled along the east coast. t/f
false
It is easy to classify people into clear-cut racial categories.
false
It is very common for religious individuals to marry individuals from different religious backgrounds. t/f?
false
Jim Crow laws were legislation designed to put an end to legal discrimination. t/f
false
Members of the upper middle class hold white-collar jobs. t/f
false
Native Americans have always been able to obtain jobs.
false
Racial stratification is almost extinct, thanks to reform attempts
false
Racial stratification is almost extinct, thanks to reform attempts. t/f
false
Remarriage rarely occurs in the United States.t/f?
false
Scapegoating—placing the blame for one's troubles on an innocent individual or group—is a sociological explanation of discrimination and prejudice.
false
Scapegoating—placing the blame for one's troubles on an innocent individual or group—is a sociological explanation of discrimination and prejudice. t/f
false
Single parenthood has no effect on either parents or children. t/f?
false
Social classes in the United States are usually divided into three classes—upper class, middle class, and lower class. t/f?
false
Social mobility is not an important feature of an open class system. t/f
false
Sociologists call an extended family the typical family. t/f?
false
Students who watch 5 or more hours of television score higher on tests. t/f?
false
T/F IQ refers to a broad, all-encompassing ability
false
Television does not depict a great deal of violence. t/f?
false
Television violence does not make viewers fearful of the world around them, and makes them more trustful of others.t/f?
false
The Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882 was developed to help give civil rights to the Asian Americans.
false
The Civil Rights movements of the 1950s and 1960s did not do much to help African-Americans.
false
The Civil Rights movements of the 1950s and 1960s did not do much to help African-Americans. t/f
false
The Hispanic population only includes immigrants from Mexico.
false
The Hispanic population only includes immigrants from Mexico. t/f
false
prejudice, discrimination, difficulty finding meaningful employment
What challenges do Americans with disabilities face?
Exxon Mobil
What company had the highest multinational revenues in 1999?
industrialization, Limits on power, access to information
What condition is needed for a democracy to thrive in a society?
industrialization, information, and limits on power
What condition is needed for a democracy to thrive in a society?
invisible hand
What did Adam Smith call the interplay between supply and demand?
family violence
What do most sociologist argue is the most-devastating family disruption?
Americans with Disabilities Act
What does ADA stand for?
What basic questions must societies address when deciding how best to use their limited resources?
What goods and services should be produced, How should these goods and services be produced, for whom should these goods and services be produced.
True
What is deviant for one person may not be deviant for another
the extermination of an entire race
What is genocide?
divorce
What is the family disruption that receives a great deal of media attention?
identify the problem
What is the first step in problem solving?
business-to-business
What is the largest sector of e-commerce?
we blend into a distinct culture
What is the result of cultural assimilation
The dominant group is the victim of unequal treatment at the hands of the minority group.
false
The dominant group is the victim of unequal treatment at the hands of the minority group. t/f
false
The government is responding to poverty by giving tax money to those in need, except the disabled. t/f?
false
The owners of the means of production in a capitalist society are known as the proletariat. t/f
false
The reputational method is always the best method for determining social class. t/f
false
The reputational method is always the best method for determining social class. t/f?
false
There does not have to be rules for descent in order for there to be a smooth operation of society. t/f?
false
Very few societies base access to social rewards and resources on race or ethnicity.
false
Very few societies base access to social rewards and resources on race or ethnicity. t/f
false
in the 1900s, Asian immigrants mainly settled in the Southwest, while Hispanics settled along the east coast.
false
t/f affective empathy usually develops in middle adulthood
false
t/f criminology is the psychological study of crime
false
t/f it is rare for an individual to possess both affective and cognitive empathy
false
t/f as a group, biopsychologists believe that genetics are the sole cause of criminal behavior
false
t/f most adolescent risk taking behaviors tend to continue throughout adulthood
false
women in the United States have 10 hours more leisure time per week than men. t/f
false
Science is an impure and biased field. t/f?
false?
The central ideal of industrialization was maintaining "status quo." t/f?
false?
family of procreation
family consisting of an individual, his or her spouse, and their children
Family consisting of an individual, his or her spouse, and their children
family of procreation
extended family
family that consists of two or more generations
legal discrimination
form of segregation that is upheld by the law
the term dizygotic twins is synonymous with
fraternal twins
dysfunction in the _____ lobe has been strongly linked to violent behavior
frontal
What are the issues that affect voter participation
gender does not affect
most contemporary bio-psychologists believe
genetic and neuropsychological variables play a part in criminal behavior
Genocide
goal of international extermination of an entire targeted population
Wants
goods or services desired by consumers
Needs
goods or services needed for survival
Laissez-Faire Capitalism
government interference is kept to a minimum and if competition is not restricted, the invisible hand of market forces will keep the economy in balance
triad
group of three people, smallest group possible
42.) Stidies show that daughters of working women may:
have a better self-image
List the most important components of the criminal-justice system.
he most important components of the criminal-justice system are police, courts, and corrections.
Harlet Spencer
heavily influenced by Charles Darwin, Social Darwinism
Marriage between individuals who have different social characteristics.
heterogamy
organized crime
high article structure. GROUP
Marriage between individuals who have similar social characteristics.
homogamy
An open class system is based on social mobility that includes
horizontal mobility, intergenerational mobility, vertical mobility
48.) Equilibrium theory appeals to some sociologists because it explains:
how societies are able to change yet maintain order
A developmental criminologist's research most likely examines
how violent individuals learn their aggressive behavior
Donald Black
identified limitations for crimes
What is the first step in problem solving?
identify the problem
White Ethnics
immigrants from mainly Catholic countries including Ireland, France and Poland, into the United States
organic solidarity
impersonal relationships with increased job specialization
Margaret Mead
in 1930's did a landmark study on cultural variation (arapesh vs. mundogumor)
research suggests that poor quality preschool daycare places children at risk for
inadequate social skills
Generally, voter participation in the United States
increases with age
white collar crime can be divided into 52:08 (318-319)
individuals & cooperation
Who controls the economic planning in a democratic socialist country?
individuals maintain control of economic planning through elections
most contemporary researchers of temperament focus on
infants
mass media
instruments of communication that reach large audiences with no personal contact between those sending the info and those receiving it
exchange
interaction undertaken in an effort to receive a reward or a return for their actions
Which term did Adam Smith use to describe the interplay between supply and demand
invisible hand
Voluntary association
is a group of individuals who enter into an agreement as volunteers to form a body to accomplish a purpose.
junta
is an authoritarian system in which a small group has seized power from the previous government by force.
oligopoly
is the market situation in which a few large companies control an industry.
Legal Discrimination
is upheld by the law
how was the case of Phineas Gage relevant to the chapter?
it illustrated the effects of frontal lobe damage
In societies where Polygamy has prevailed
it is has been much more common for one man to have many wives (polygyny) than for one women to have many husbands (polyandry)
after hearing that her neighbors' home was burglarized, she told her co-worker that her neighbors were asking for it because they never locked their doors, etc. Her statements reflect the
just-world hypothesis
bilateral descent
kinship traced through both parents
Management of a corporation by its stockholders is typically practiced by
large corporations
research on environmental risk factors during infancy indicates that
lead exposure may be linked to antisocial behavior
anticipatory socialization
learning the rights, obligations, and expectations of a role to prepare for assuming that role in the future
A form of discrimination that is upheld by the law is called __
legal discrimination
A form of discrimination that is upheld by the law is called _____.
legal discrimination
Authority
legitimate power
authority
legitimate power
Technological advances are eliminating what kind of jobs?
less-skilled
Technological advances are eliminating what kinds of jobs?
less-skilled
wage gap
level of woman's income relative to that of a man
The likelihood individuals have of sharing in the opportunities and benefits of society.
life chances
The likelihood that individuals have of sharing in the opportunities and benefits of society is known as
life chances
Free-enterprise Systems
limited government control of business operations
Martilocality
living with one near the wife's parents
patrilocaliy
living with or near the husband's parents
matrilocality
living with or near the wife's parents
Who do interest groups employ to directly work with government officials to get their point across.
lobbyist
39.) Which of the following is a cause of the challenges to social security?:
longer life expectancies
In a society in which groups interact closely on a basis of equality, there tend to be
low levels of prejudice
nursing and sales are professions associated with this social class
lower middle class
subjugation
maintaining control over a group through forces
Subjugation
maintaining of control of a group through force
Controlling health care expenditures with alternative health insurance.
managed care
The set of norms that establishes and characterizes the relationship between married individuals.
marriage
heterogamy
marriage between individuals who have different social characteristics
homogamy
marriage between individuals who have similar social characteristics
Homogamy
marriage between people with the same social characteristics
exogamy
marriage outside one's own social category
endogamy
marriage within one's own social category
polygamy
married to multiple partners
Instruments of communication that reach large audiences with no personal contact between those sending the information and those receiving it.
mass media
Tendency for honors and recognition to go to those scientists who have already achieved recognition.
matthew effect
The merging of mass media.
media convergence
Women make up 52 percent of the voting-age population and are more likely to vote, yet
men dominate the political arena
Women make up 52 percent of the voting-age population and are more likely to vote, yet
men dominate the political arena.
research indicates that parental monitoring is especially important during
middle school years
A group of people who, because of their physical characteristics or cultural practices, are singled out and treated unequally.
minority group
A_____ is a group of people who because of their physical characteristics are singled out and unequally treated.
minority group
A(n) _____ can be defined as a group of people who are singled out and treated unequally because of physical characteristics or cultural practices.
minority groups
pluralist model
model that states that the political process is controlled by interest groups that compete with one another
14.) In the year 2000, ___ of the people arrested for violent crimes were between 13 and 19 years of age:
more than 20 percent
The US has 2 parties. What do most other democracies have?
multi-party system
the UCR's four violent crimes are
murder and non negligent manslaughter, rape, robbery, and aggravated assault
The setting up of a residential pattern apart from both sets of parents.
neolocality
Could pedophilia be viewed as a crime without a victim?
no
mores
norms that have great moral significance attached to them
primary deviance
not considered deviant by themselves or society
The family form most recognizable to Americans.
nuclear family
lower middle class
nursing and sales are professions associated with this social class
Ivan Pavlov
nurture point of view
social phenomena
observable facts or events that involve human society
role strain
occurs when a person has a difficulty meeting the role expectations of a single status
research on sibling influence on delinquency indicates
older siblings reinforce antisocial behavior only when the siblings have a close relationship
What is one of the chief consequences of corporate capitalism? The growth of....
oligopolies
pluralist model
on the other hand states that political process is controlled by interest groups that compete with one another for power
Respected individuals in the community who review and evaluate media messages and then pass the information to friends and acquaintances are called
opinion leaders (?)
which disorder is characterized by a persistent pattern of angry outbursts, arguments, vindictiveness, resentment, and disobedience
oppositional defiant disorder
political party
organization that seeks to gain power through legitimate means
17.)Changes in the American labor force since 1970 reveal all of the following EXCEPT:
over one half of the labor force has a college degree.
Stereotype
oversimplified, exaggerated, or unfavorable generalization about a group of people
bourgeoisie
owners of the means of production in a capitalist society
The set of shared concepts, methods, and assumptions that make up scientific reality at any point in time.
paradigm
Which of the following statements about the social profile of illegal drug users is FALSE?
parental and peer influences seem to have little impact on drug users
parents' awareness of their child's peer associations, free time activities, and physical whereabouts when outside the home is known as
parental monitoring
strategies employed by parents to achieve specific academic, social, or athletic goals are called
parental practices
parental attitude toward the child and the emotional climate of the parent-child relationship refers to
parental styles
Situation in which the father holds most of the authority.
patriarchy
If a newly married couple is expected to live with or near the husband's parent, they are most likely part of a
patrilocality
Living with or near the husband?s parents.
patrilocality
Gresham Sykes & David Matza
people have a strong commitment to norms yet still engage in deviant behavior, and they will suspend their moral beliefs to commit these acts
27.) Statustics reveal all of the following EXCEPT:
people older than 35 account for nearly three quarters of all arrests
significant others
people that include parents, siblings, relatives, and others who have a direct influence on our socialization
ethnic group
people who have a common cultural background and a common sense of identity
Ethnic Group
people who share a common cultural background and a common sense of identity
concordance rate is usually expressed in
percentages
49.) External debt would most likely be highest among:
peripheral nations
Charismatic authority is based on
personal characteristics
Charismatic Authority
personal characteristics of the individual exercising the power
What is charismatic authority based on
personal traits
social darwinism
perspective that holds that societies evolve toward stability and perfection
which two factors increase the probability that a child will become a serious delinquent
physical aggression and peer rejection
35.) Segregation is:
physical separation by policies
segregation
physical separation by policies.
A psychoactive drug may be defined as any substance that
physiologically affects our behavior by changing our mood, emotion, perception, or other mental status
scapegoating
placing the blame for one's troubles on an innocent individual or group
the phenomenon in which the brain's structure and function are affected by experience is called
plasticity
The considerable power that the police have to decide who is actually arrested.
police discretion
Segregation
policies that physically separate a minority group from a dominant group
segregation
policies that physically seperate a minority group from the dominant group
Power-Elite Model
political power is exercised by and for the privileged few in society
power elite model
political power is exercised by and for the privileged few in society.
Pluralist Model
political process is controlled by interest groups that compete with one another for power
Marriage to multiple partners.
polygamy
1776
What year did Adam Smith suggest specialization of jobs?
Voluntarily childlessness
When a couple consciously chooses never to have children
Polygyny
When a man is permitted to marry more than one woman at a time
Peter principle
When a person is permitted to position where he is not competent from a position where he was competent
When a man is permitted to marry more than one woman at a time.
polygyny
Polyandry
When a woman is permitted to marry more than one man at a time
Family of Procreation
When an individual is marries, this new nuclear family is born
late 1800s
When did corporations become the moving force behind the economy?
during World War II
When did the U.S. establish the Office of War information?
Monogamy
When one man and one woman are married to each other. This is certainly the most common type of marriage in the U.S and other western societies, but in some societies
Parkinson's law
When the work given to a person expands to fill the time that they are given
1975
When was the widespread nature of family violence confirmed in a nationwide study?
general practitioners
Where does the shortage for physicians lie?
legitimacy
Whether those in power are viewed as having the right to govern others.
Graves Protection and Repatriation Act
Which act helped the American Indians in keeping their burial land protected?
which statement is consistent with research on language impairment and antisocial behavior
poor language development during the second year of life is a significant predictor of adult criminal behavior
white collar crime diffres from street crime:
poor, the dark side
education
Which college degree would a woman be more likely to pursue?
A____ transfer moves a minority group to a new location.
population
The confinement of Japanese Americans to relocation camps during World War II is an example of
population transfer
. A standard of living that is below the minimum level considered adequate by society.
poverty
A standard of living that is below the minimum level considered adequate by society.
poverty
democracy
power exercised through the people
Democracy
power is exercised through the people
Authoritarianism
power rests firmly with the state
authoritarianism
power rests firmly with the state
traditional authority
power that is based on long standing customs
traditional authority
power that is based on long-standing custom
Traditional Authority
power that is based on longstanding custom
charismatic authority
power that is based on the personal characteristics of an individual
coercion
power that is considered illegitimate by the people being governed
Coercion
power that is exercised through force or threat of force and based off fear; opposite of authority
What are the types of economic societies?
pre-industrial, industrial, and post-industrial
Which economic society would hunting and gathering societies be categorized in?
preindustrial
Law of Supply
producers will supply more products when they charge higher prices and fewer products when they charge lower products
Which of the following is NOT an example of a public order crime (also known as a victimless crime)?
property offenses
Edwin Suthered
proposed concept of differential association
compared to the UCR, the NIBRS
provides more detailed information about a criminal event
Tertiary Sector
providing services
tertiary sector
providing services
Another name for "victimless" crimes such as prostitution, illegal gambling, and illegal drug use is
public order crimes
laissez-faire capitalism
pure form of capitalism in which the government does not interfere in the economy.
What is it called when Congress limits the number of foreign cars imported to the US
quotas
A category of people who share inherited physical characteristics and who are seen as being a distinct group.
race
Ethnicity is used to distinguish between groups based on cultural elements, but according to the information presented in the lecture ____ would encompass the details about a person like the shape of his or her features.
race
Socioeconomic status (SES) is a rating that combines the following social factors EXCEPT
race and ethnicity.
The practice that assumes that nonwhite Americans are more likely to commit crimes than white Americans.
racial profiling
The Age of Enlightenment supported
reason over religiious beliefs
legitimacy
refers to those in power are viewed as having the reign to control, or govern, others.
Legitimacy
refers to whether those in power are viewed as having the right to control, or govern, others
Which of the following is NOT a function of the family?
regulation of sexual activity
which factor is associated with a high probability of delinquent behavior in high school
rejection by peers in elementary school
race
relates to a person's appearance
ethnicity
relates to cultural factors such as nationality, culture, ancestry, language and beliefs.
Ethnic Cleansing
removing a group from a particular area through terror, expulsion, and mass murder
social class known to have small communities and based on knowledge of lifestyle
reputational
Factors of Production
resources needed to produce goods and services
factors of production
resources needed to produce goods and services
those influences in a person's life that are believed to increase the probability that an individual will engage in criminal behavior are called
risk factors
Placing the blame for one's troubles on an innocent individual or group.
scapegoating
The pursuit of knowledge through systematic methods
science
An objective and systematic way of collecting information and arriving at conclusions.
scientific method
de facto segregation
segregation based on informal norms
de jure segregation
segregation based on laws
de jure segregation
segregation based on the laws
A____ is a prediction that results in behavior that makes the prediction come true.
self-fulfilling prophecy
according to Virginia Douglas, which problem is central to children with ADHD
self-regulation
the ability to control one's behavior in accordance with internal standards is called
self-regulation
social stratification
seperation of members in society based on certain characteristics
which brain chemical may play a significant role in aggression and violence
serotonin
Ethnicity
set of cultural characteristics that distinguishes one group from another
STD
sexually transmitted disease
values
shared beliefs about what is good, bad, right or wrong
matriarchy
situation in which a mother holds most of the authority
matrilineal descent
situation in which kinship is tracked through the mother's family
patriarchy
situation in which the father holds most of the authority
egalitarian
situation in which the mother and father share authority
Matriarchy
situation in which the mother holds most of the authority
___ is the ownership of one person by force.
slavery
What type of corporations are managed by its stockholders
small corporations
subculture
smaller groups within a society that share values and norms and behaviors that are not shared by the entire population
Social networks and the reciprocal norms associated with these networks that encourage people to do things for each other are known as
social capital
Social networks and the reciprocal norms associated with these networks that encourage people to do things for each other.
social capital
A group of people with similar levels of wealth, power, and prestige.
social class
reputational
social class known to have small communities and based on knowledge of lifestyle
Polygamy is relatively rare even in the societies where it is an acceptable martial system. This is because
Such a household is expensive to support
___ believe that some people show a strong commitment to society's norms, yet still engage in deviance
Sykes & Matza
Economy
System in which people produce, sell and buy goods and services
A division of society into categories, ranks, or classes is called social stratification.
T
Ageism is the belief that one age category is superior to another age category.
T
Asian Americans includes people of Filipino ancestry.
T
Conformity is the acceptance of culturally approved goals and the means for achieving these goals.
T
underclass
social class that relies on public assistance
The unequal sharing of scarce resources and social rewards is called
social inequality
Women's Movement
social movement that supported the idea that's exes are socially, politically, and economically equal
out group
social persons excluded from the group
Psychology
social science that deals with behavior and thinking of organisms
criminologist
social scientists who study criminal behavior
Separation of members in society based on certain characteristics.
social stratification
The division of society into categories, ranks, or classes is called
social stratification
Separation of members in society based on certain characteristics.
social stratisfaction
During the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, immigrants from predominantly Catholic countries faced open discrimination at the hands of the American-born white Protestant majority.
T
Immigrants have greatly affected many aspects of American culture, including food.
T
Immigration effected our media because they began to bring more knowledge and history of the groups who were immigrating to the public.
T
In just two decades, AIDS has become one of the most serious public health problems in the United States and worldwide.
T
In the year 2030 the dependency ratio for the baby-boomers when they retire will be 2 to 1.
T
Innovation, ritualism, retreatism, and rebellion employ deviant behavior.
T
Institutionalized discrimination is a type of discrimination that comes from an outgrowth of the structure of a society.
T
Just because a person has HIV, it does not mean that they also have AIDS.
T
Like strain theory, control theory explains deviance as a natural occurrence.
T
More women than men age 65 and older are in poverty.
T
Occasional violations may be unavoidable & not reflect deviant behavior
T
One of the major issues of concern for older Americans is ageism.
T
One reason for the rise in health care costs in the United States is the nation's rapidly expanding elderly population.
T
Problem solving helps weigh the pros and cons of a situation.
T
Sociologists define the term race as a category of people who share inherited physical characteristics.
T
Some people have suggested that health care problems could be overcome by the creation of a national health care system.
T
South Africa practiced subjugation.
T
The United States spends a higher percentage of its gross domestic product on health care than any other country in the world.
T
The baby-boom generation includes those born between 1946 and the 1960s.
T
The conflict between ideals and actions has been part of the American experience since the arrival of the white settlers on the North American continent in the 1500s.
T
The conflict perspective explains deviance in terms of power and inequality.
T
The elderly population continues to grow.
T
The interactionist perspective looks at how the interaction between individuals influence deviance.
T
The most common patterns of minority treatment include assimilation, segregation, subjugation, and legal protection.
T
The stronger the commitment to a community, the less likely people are to engage in deviant behavior.
T
There are no biologically pure races.
T
There are several groups that work to bring the special needs of the elderly to national attention.
T
Wealth, power, and prestige define a social class.
T
The suspension of moral beliefs to commit deviant acts is a
Technique of neutralization
Techniques of neutralization
Techniques of neutralization are ways of suspending moral beliefs to commit deviant acts.
less-skilled
Technological advances are eliminating what kind of jobs?
Which of the following statements is not an accurate statement?
Television violence discourages aggressive acts
Homogamy
Tendency of individuals to marry people who have social characteristics similar to their own
Ethnocentrism
Tendency to view one's own culture in group is superior and to think that your culture is best and resist for an ideas
Terrorism
Terrorism is the use of threatened or actual violence in the pursuit of political goals.
Providing services.
Tertiary sector
true
The "opium of the people" idea refers to the theory that religion encourages people to accept their social conditions because rewards await them in the afterlife. t/f
Describe the goals of the U.S. government's "war on poverty."
The "war on poverty" declared by President Lyndon B. Johnson set out to improve the lives of the poorest Americans by reducing inequality through transfer payments and government subsidies until the families can obtain and maintain employment to provide for their families.
True
The Civil RIghts Act of 1964 outlawed legal discrimination in the United States. (T/F)
Legal discrimination in the United States was outlawed with the passage of
The Civil Rights Act of 1964
false
The Civil Rights movements of the 1950s and 1960s did not do much to help African-Americans. t/f
true
The Goals 2000: Educate America Act created the National Education Goals Panel, which consisted of educators and leaders from business, labor, and government to oversee schools' progress toward meeting the goals. t/f
false
The Hispanic population only includes immigrants from Mexico. t/f
true
The Nineteenth Amendment to the U.S. Constitution, adopted in 1920, gave women the right to vote. t/f
democratic
The U.S. has offered assistance to countries changing from what type of governmental system?
any other country in the world
The U.S. spends a higher percentage of it's GDP on health care than ___
Social Inequality
The Unequal sharing of social rewards and resources.
communist
The United States has offered assistance to countries changing from what type of governmental system?
most children display aggression in preschool and kindergarten but reduce these behaviors during early school years primarily due to
socialization
three disciplines that have traditionally dominated the study of crime
sociology, psychology, and psychiatry
gender role
specific behaviors that society establishes and attitudes for men and women
A dynamic whereby people who disagree with opinions in the mass media are less likely to voice their views.
spiral of silence
What are some ways to limit power in a democracy?
spread power over many different groups
law of demand
states that consumers will demand more of a product as the price increases
What is the first step in problem solving?
Identify the problem
law of supply
states that producers will supply more products when they can charge higher process and fewer products when they must charge lower prices.
behaviors that are forbidden only to juveniles because of their age are known as
status offenses
43.) Generally, voter participation in the U.S.:
stays the same with age
humans are fundamentally conforming beings who are strongly influenced by the values and attitudes of the society in which they live
strain theory
history
study of past events
political science
study of the organization and operation of governments
All of the following are sources of prejudice and discrimination EXCEPT:
subjugation
Travis Hirschi & Michael Gottfredson
suggested that conformity is the result of self control
Patriarchy
system in which men are dominant over women
patriarchy
system in which men are dominant over women
caste system
system in which scarce resources and social rewards are disturbed on the basis of ascribed status
proportional representation
system in which the percentage of popular votes corresponds to the percentage of seats won by a party
patrilicality
If a newly married couple is expected to live with or near the husband's parents, they are most likely part of a ..
In 1960 there were a dozen US states that made interracial marriages
Illegal
White Ethnics
Immigrants from Catholic countries, such as Ireland, France, Poland, and Greece that faced discrimination from the American-born Protestant majority.
True
Immigrants from Italy and Poland could be considered white ethnics. (T/F)
true
Immigrants have greatly affected many aspects of American culture, including food. t/f
southern and eastern europe
Immigrants in the 1900s were mainly from
political institution
system of roles and norms that governs the distribution of resources and exercise of power in society
economic institution
system of roles and norms that governs the production, distribution, and consumption of goods and services
The poverty rate for whites average 2 percentage points lower than the rate for the overall population.
t
Transfer payments are used to redistribute money to various segments of society.
t
What is coercion?
taking away someone's rights-denying citizens the right to vote
role-taking
taking or pretending to take the role of others
Where does money for transfer payments come from?
tax revenue
According to Robert Putnam,____ has led to a decline in social capital.
television
baby-boom generation
term for the approximately 76 million children born betwen the 1940's and 1960's
The result of cultures assimilation is
that distinct groups blend into a single group with common cultures and identities.
Today more and more Americans are seeking medical advice not face-to-face visits with doctors but from
the Internet
Power
the ability to control the behavior of others with or without their consent
sociological imagination
the ability to see the connection between the larger world and your personal life
Gender Identity
the awareness of being masculine or feminine as those traits are defined by culture
gener identity
the awareness of being masculine or feminine as those traits are defined by culture
gender
the behavior and psychological traits considered appropriate for men and women
role
the behavior expected of someone occupying a particular status
cultural relativism
the belief that cultures should be judged by their own standards rather than by applying the standards of another culture
ageism
the belief that one age category is by nature superior to that of another age category
Ageism
the belief that one age group is by nature superior to another age category
Sexism
the belief that one sex is by nature superior to the other
racism
the belief that one's own race or ethnic group is superior to other races or ethnic groups
sexism
the belieft that one sex is superior to another by nature
Assimilation
the blending of culturally distinct groups into a group with a common culture and identity
assimilation
the blending of culturally distinct groups into a single group with common culture an identity
anthropology
the comparative study of past and present cultures
8.) Urbanization is:
the concentration of the population in cities
illegal
In 1960 there were a dozen U.S. states that made interracial marriages
illegal
In 1960, there were a dozen U.S. states that made interracial marriages
self
the conscious awareness of possessing a distinct identity that seperates you and your enviroment from other members of society
function
the consequence that an element of society produces for the maintenance of its social system
social integration
the degree of attachment people have to social groups or to society as a whole
class system
the distribution of scarce resources and rewards that is determined on the basis of achieved status
What is genocide?
the extermination of an entire race
genocide
the extermination of an entire race
genocide
the extermination of an entire targeted population
Capitalism
the factors of production are owned by individuals rather than by government
capitalism
the factors of production are owned by individuals rather than the government
Socialism
the factors of production are owned by the government, which regulates economic activity
socialism
the factors of production are owned by the government, which regulates economic activity
nuclear family
the family form most recognizable to Americans
Glass Ceiling
the glass barrier that prevents women from gaining upper level positions in business
At what level of the social hierarchy are the trend setters at high school?
the highest leel
Second Shift
the household duties that a working wife has after a day at work
second shift
the household duties that a working wife has after a day at work
manifest function
the intended and recognized consequence of some element of society
socialization
the interactive process through which people learn the basic skills, values, beliefs, and behavior patterns of a society
generalized other
the internalized attitudes, expectations, and viewpoints of society
difference between a serial killer and a mass murder?
the length of time between deaths. mass= a huge number of people at one time
Wage Gap
the level of women's income relative to that of men
Major source of stress for single parents particularly single mothers is the lack of money. In 2000 family played by women accounted for more than half of all poor families
In 1998 about 19.8 million children under the age of 18 lived in single-parent families studies suggest that these children are two to three times more likely to experience negative life outcomes
caste system
In a ____, a person is assigned a status at birth and remains at that level throughout life.
Life chances
the likelihood individuals have of sharing in the oppertunities and benefits of society
true
In a class system, the distribution of scarce resources and rewards is determined on the basis of achieved status. t/f
true
In a government based on authoritarianism, power rests firmly with the state. t/f
False
In a preindustrial society much of the economy is involved in providing information and services
law of supply and demand
In a purely capitalist system, the economy is regulated by self-interest and
market competition
In a purely capitalist system, the economy is regulated by self-interest and
life chances
the likelihood individuals have of sharing in the opportunities and benefits of society
low levels of prejudice
In a society in which groups interact closely on a basis of equality, there tend to be
low levels of prejudice
In a society in which groups interact closely on a basis of equality, there tend to be ..
low
In a society in which groups interact closely on a basis of equality, there tend to be high or low levels of prejudice?
Oligopoly
the market situation in which a few large companies control an industry
dating
the meeting of people as a romantic engagement
Constitutional Monarchy
the monarch is nothing more than the symbolic head of state; ultimate power rests with elected officials
social mobility
the movement between or within social classes or strata
social control theory is an example of
the nonconformist perspective
family of orientation
the nuclear family into which a person is born or adopted
which is central to the cumulative risk model
the number of risk factors
Dependency Ratio
the number of workers for each person receiving Social Security benefits
dependency ratio
the number of workers for each person receiving Social Security benefits
language
the organization of written or spoken symbols into a standardized system
me
the part of ourselves that is aware of the expectations and attitudes of society; the socialized self
adolescence
the period between normal onset of puberty and the beginning of adulthood
Graying Of America
the phenomenon of the growing percentage of elderly Americans as part of the total US population
graying of America
the phenomenon where one in every five americans will be elderly
puberty
the physical maturing that makes an individual capable of sexual reproduction
cultural pluralism
the policy allows each group within society to keep its unique cultural identity
Scapegoating
the practice of placing the blame for one's own troubles on an innocent individual or group of people
Differential Association
the primary group is most influential on deviant vs non deviant behaviors
State
the primary political authority in society
degradation ceremony
the process of labeling an individual as deviant which is usally performed in some type of a bulic setting in which the individual is found guilty, denounced, and given the new identity of deviant
plea bargaining
the process of legal negotiation that allows an individual to plead guilty to a lesser charge in return for a lighter sentence
Suffrage
the right to vote
suffrage
the right to vote
marriage
the set of norms that establishes and characterizes the relationship between married individuals
marriage
the set of norms that establishes and characterizes the relationship between married individuals.
neolocality
the setting up of a residential pattern apart from both sets of parents
norms
the shared rules of conduct that tell people how to act in specific situations
anomie
the situation that arises when the norms of society are unclear or are no longer applicable
1) The ability to see the connection between the larger world and your personal life is what sociologist C. Wright Mills called:
the sociological imagination
Gender Roles
the specific behaviors and attitudes that a society establishes for men and women
agents of socialization
the specific individuals, groups, and institutions that enable socialization to take place
medicaid
the state and federally funded health insurance program for low-income individuals
social psychology
the study of how he social enviroment affects an individuals's behavior and personality
Economics
the study of how people satisfy their wants and needs
personality
the sum total of behaviors, attitudes, beliefs, and values that are characteristics of an indvidual
Political Institution
the system of roles and norms that governs the distribution and exercise of power in society
sociobiology
the systematic study of the biological basis of all social behavior
homogamy
the tendency of individuals to marry people who have social characteristics similar to their own
iron law of oligarchy
the tendency of organizations to become increasingly dominated by small groups of people
Role conflict
the tension caused by competing demands between two or more roles pertaining to different statuses
Adolescence
the transition period from childhood to adulthood, extending from puberty to independence
heredity
the transmission of genetic characteristics from parent to child
Violate a significant norm of society and be stigmatized for that
In order to be labeled deviant wanted us to do what
growing their own food. building their own house. making their clothes.
In preindustrial times, families had to provide for their own needs by
growing their own food, building their own house, making their clothes
In preindustrial times, families had to provide for their own needs by ..
dual-earner, one-parent, and childless
In recent decades, the traditional family has been replaced by
dual-earner families, childless families, one-parent families
In recent decades, the traditional family has been replaced by ..
Jim Crow Laws
In the 1800s,______ were passed requiring African Americans and white Americans to use separate facilities.
false
In the 1900s, Asian immigrants mainly settled in the Southwest, while Hispanics settled along the east coast. t/f
alternative medicine
the treatment of illness with unconvential methods such as acupuncture
monarchy
the type of government in which one person rules
latent function
the uninteneded and un recognized consequence of an element of society
Secondary Sector
the use of raw materials to manufacture goods
Protectionism
the use of trade barriers to protect domestic manufacturers from foreign competition
protectionism
the use of trade barriers to protect domestic manufacturers from foreign competition.
functionalist perspective
the view of society as a set of interrelated parts that work together to produce a stable social system
HIV
the virus that causes AIDS and is transmitted through sexual contact, contaminated blood and tissue, and contaminated hypodermic needles
exchange theory
theory that holds that people are motivated by self-interests in their interactions with other people
according to biopsychologist Adrian Raine
there is clear evidence that genetics influence antisocial and aggressive behavior
What is true of a public order crime?
they are considered to be mala prohibitum crimes
glass ceiling
this invisible barrier prevents a woman from gaining upper-level positions in business
Totalitarianism
those in power exercise complete authority over the lives of individual citizens
according to Goldstein et al. (2000), aggressive tendencies at age ___ predict later aggressive behavior
three
1. caucasoids 2. mongoloids 3. negroids
three racial categories used to categorize humans
How do children learn gender role behaviors?
through socialization
33.) According to Merton, a person who is prejudice but is afraid to discriminate because of societal pressure is a(n):
timid bigot
patrilineal descent
to track kinship through the father's family
What is the most extreme form of authoritarianism?
totalitarianism
Free Trade
trade that is not restricted by trade barriers between countries
free trade
trade that is not restricted by trade barriers between countries
Alternative Medicine
treating illnesses with unconventional methods such as acupuncture, biofeedback, massage, yoga, herbal remedies, and relaxation techniques
A division of society into categories, ranks, or classes is called social stratification. t/f
true
Describe the differences between the juvenile-justice system and the adult justice system.
In the juvenile-justice system, the offenders are younger than age 18, laws are less specific, and juveniles are provided with many more services.
Today about 61% of all married women work outside the home at least part time. Married women work for the same basic reason that married men work for economic necessity
In the past few years more and more women have been entering colleges and universities education enables women to pursue more attactive better paying positions. The labor market itself has been a factor in the increase of dual earner families. Today women make up nearly 25% of the Dr 31% of the computer scientist and 43% of the college and university teachers in this country.
What are two reasons that poor Americans have ill health and shorter health expectancy?
Inadequate nutrition Less access to medical care
The norm forbidding sexual relations or marriage between certain relatives.
Incest taboo
What is a major difference among social classes in the United States?
Income
What caused the poverty rate for people aged 65+ to decrease?
Increases in supplemental security income
All of the following have been used as racial categories EXCEPT:
Indianoid
All of the following have been used as racial categories EXCEPT:
Indianoid.
True
Individuals acquire an achieved status through their own direct efforts
Subjective method
Individuals are asked to determine their own social rank
In a democratic socialist country,
Individuals maintain control of economic planning through elections
upper middle class
Individuals that are primarily high-income business people and professionals are
How does social class affect societal roles?
Individuals with substantial wealth usually possess considerable power and these individuals are the ones that get the respect, honor, and recognition that are characteristics of prestige.
Which of the following is a type of economic society?
Industrial
Urbanization
Industrial societies were the main economic activity is production of manufactured goods. Machines are developed, production center to speak in factories in cities, people move to the cities
Interactionalist perspective
Influence of interaction - Control theory - Cultural transmission theory - Differential association - Techniques of neutralization
The main goal of the groups shown in the chart is to
Influence political decision making
August Comte, Herbert Spencer, Harriet Martineau, Karl Marx, Emile Durkheim, Max Weber, Jane Addams, W.E.B Du Bois
Influential early sociologist
Suppose that a police SWAT team kills members of a terrorist group who are holding innocent citizens hostage. These police actions illustrate which type of violence?
Institutional
___________ discrimination is a type of discrimination that comes from an outgrowth of the structure of a society.
Institutionalized
Institutionalized discrimination
Institutionalized discrimination is discrimination that is an outgrowth of the structure of society.
institutionalized discrimination
Institutionalized discrimination is discrimination that is an outgrowth of the structure of society.
Socialization
Inter-action process by which individuals learn the basic values, skills, believes, and behavior patterns of their society
false
Intergenerational mobility is the status difference between generations in different families. t/f
Which term did Adam Smith use to describe the interplay between supply and demand?
Invisible hand
Communalism
Is a belief held among some scientists that all scientific knowledge should be made available to everyone in the scientific community.
Organised Skepticism
Is a norm in scientific research in which no scientific finding or theory is exempt from questioning.
Disinterestedness
Is a norm in scientific research in which scientists should seek truth, not personal gain.
Universalism
Is a norm in scientific research that holds that research should be judged solely on the basis of quality.
Sociology of Science
Is a sociological perspective that examines how scientific knowledge develops.
Scientific Method
Is an objective, logical, and systematic way of collecting empirical data and arriving at conclusions.
Science
Is the pursuit of knowledge through systematic methods.
Which of the following best describes a charter school?
It has some freedom in the way that it operates
Which of the following statements represents a functionalist perspective on mass media?
It supports the stability of society
Which of the following is an accurate demographic statement?
Jews and Episcopalians tend to have higher educations than other religious groups
In the 1800s,______ were passed requiring African Americans and white Americans to use separate facilities.
Jim Crow laws
false
Jim Crow laws were legislation designed to put an end to legal discrimination. t/f
Nurture
John Pavlov hope this be blinking acceptance by teaching his dog to drool when a bell ring
monotheistic
Judaism, Christianity, and Islam are examples of
monotheistic religion
Judaism, Christianity, and Islam are examples of
An authoritarian system in which a small group has seized power from the previous government.
Junta
Which term refers to the violation of the law by young people?
Juvenile delinquency
False
Karl Marx coin the phrase survival of the fittest
A network of people who are related by marriage, birth, or adoption.
Kinship
Bilateral descent
Kinship traced through both parents
matrilineal descent.
Kinship traced through the mother's family is called
Which of the following is the most common of all serious crimes tracked by the FBI?
Larceny-theft
hispanics
Largest minority group in the US?
When did corporations become the driving force behind the U.S. economy?
Late 1800s
Economic principle stating that consumers will demand more of a product as the price decreases.
Law of demand
Norms that are formally created through a society's political system are referred to as
Laws
Anticipatory socialization
Learning the values of a group you aspire to join or will join in the future
A form of discrimination that is upheld by the law is called _____.
Legal discrimination
the Civil Rights Act of 1964
Legal discrimination in the U.S. was outlawed with the passage of
Civil Rights Act of 1964
Legal discrimination in the US was outlawed with the passage of
the Civil Rights Act
Legal discrimination in the United States was outlawed with the passage of
legal discrimination
Legal discrimination is discrimination that is upheld by law
Legal discrimination
Legal discrimination is discrimination that is upheld by law.
Whether those in power are viewed as having the right to govern others.
Legitimacy
Technological advances are eliminating what kinds of jobs?
Less-skilled
If you believe that a solution to the problem of guns and violence is enacting laws that make it harder to get, you are probably
Liberal
31.) The likelihood that individuals have of sharing in the opportunities and benefits of society is known as:
Life chances
Partilocality
Living with or near the husband's parents
patrilocality
Living with or near the husband?s parents
Which of the following is a cause of the challenges to Social Security?
Longer life expediencies
In a society in which groups interact closely on a basis of equality, there tend to be
Low levels of prejudice
Pink collar
Low prestige, low paying jobs for women
To which social class does an owner of a small business generally belong?
Lower middle class
What did sociologist Jeannie Oakes discover in her study of American high school classes?
Lower-track classes focused on getting along with people and classroom drills
Which president declared " a war on poverty" in order to reduce inequality in America?
Lyndon Johnson
Wealth
Made up of his or her assets- the value of everything a person owns
subjugation
Maintaining control over a group through force is called ____.
Polygyny
Man is permitted to marry more than one woman at a time
Managed care
Managed care is the use of health-insurance plans to help control health care costs.
large corporations
Management of a corporation by its stockholders is typically practiced by
4.)The Anthropologist that conducted a now-classic study of cultural variation in the 1930s was:
Margaret Mead
A group is considered incapable of understanding technical training, and thus is denied technical training. This group is then unable to gain employment in technical fields. Taking this lack of employment in technical fields as evidence of the group's inability to understand technical information is a self-fulfilling prophecy.
true
A new development in the political arena is that more women are holding statewide positions, which has increased from four percent in years past to twenty-nine percent. t/f
true
According to the article, "President Bush Proposes Health Savings Accounts," about 46 million of the U.S. population are uninsured. t/f?
true
An increase in childlessness is a recent trend in American family life. t/f?
true
Asian Americans includes people of Filipino ancestry. t/f
true
Cultural pluralism allows each minority group to keep its cultural identity. t/f
true
During the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, immigrants from predominantly Catholic countries faced open discrimination at the hands of the American-born white Protestant majority.
true
During the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, immigrants from predominantly Catholic countries faced open discrimination at the hands of the American-born white Protestant majority. t/f
true
Family violence affects all social classes and racial and ethnic groups. t/f?
true
Fears of malpractice lawsuits are playing a part in the increased use of expensive diagnostic equipment. t/f?
true
Few families can survive on a single salary. t/f?
true
For the dominant group in society, prejudice serves as a justification for discriminatory actions.
true
Homogamy is based on characteristics such as age, socioeconomic status, religion, and race. t/f?
true
Immigrants have greatly affected many aspects of American culture, including food.
true
Immigrants have greatly affected many aspects of American culture, including food. t/f
true
Immigration effected our media because they began to bring more knowledge and history of the groups who were immigrating to the public.
true
In a class system, the distribution of scarce resources and rewards is determined on the basis of achieved status. t/f
true
In just two decades, AIDS has become one of the most serious public health problems in the United States and worldwide.
true
In most societies men are charged with providing economic support and physical safety for the family. t/f
true
Mass media has caused personality rather than party affiliation to become an important part of the political process for voters in selecting candidates to support. t/f?
true
Mass media influence socialization. t/f?
true
One of the challenges of the rural poor is that they have limited access to social welfare offices. t/f?
true
One reason for the rise in health care costs in the United States is the nation's rapidly expanding elderly population. t/f?
true
Patrilocal, matrilocal, and bilocal rules of residence encourage the development of extended family living. t/f?
true
Problem solving helps weigh the pros and cons of a situation.
true
Since the 1970s the percentage of married women with children and careers has grown. t/f?
true
Social classes in the United States are usually divided into three classes—upper class, middle class, and lower class. t/f
true
Sociologists are concerned with the reactions of people to certain physical characteristics and how these reactions affect individuals in society. t/f
true
Sociologists define the term race as a category of people who share inherited physical characteristics.
true
Sociologists define the term race as a category of people who share inherited physical characteristics. t/f
true
Sociologists interpret cross-cultural variations as evidence that gender roles are socially created. t/f
true
Some people have suggested that health care problems could be overcome by the creation of a national health care system. t/f?
true
South Africa practiced subjugation. t/f
true
The Civil Rights Act of 1964 outlawed legal discrimination in the United States. t/f
true
The Enlightenment period supported reason over religious beliefs. t/f?
true
The United States spends a higher percentage of its gross domestic product on health care than any other country in the world.t/f?
true
The apartheid system in South Africa was an example of legal discrimination
true
The apartheid system in South Africa was an example of legal discrimination. t/f
true
The conflict between ideals and actions has been part of the American experience since the arrival of the white settlers on the North American continent in the 1500s.
true
The conflict between ideals and actions has been part of the American experience since the arrival of the white settlers on the North American continent in the 1500s. t/f
true
The family is the most powerful agent of gender socialization. t/f
true
The most common patterns of minority treatment include assimilation, segregation, subjugation, and legal protection
true
The most common patterns of minority treatment include assimilation, segregation, subjugation, and legal protection.
true
There are close to 200 possible categories of relatives in a kinship system. t/f?
true
There are no biologically pure races.
true
There are no biologically pure races. t/f
true
Today more woman work as lawyers and doctors, which was rare in the 1800s. t/f?
true
Until the 1400s the principle mass medium in Europe was the hand-written book. t/f?
true
Wealth, power, and prestige define a social class. t/f?
true
Wealth, power, and prestige define a social class. t/f
true
t/f free will is the hallmark of classical theory
true
t/f neurological dysfunction due to faulty brain development is strongly linked to pathological violence
true
t/f the great majority of crime in the US and other countries is neither serious nor violent
true
t/f temperament is determined largely by genetics
true
women make up 52 percent of the voting-age population. t/f
true
Ill health and shorter life expectancy are more common among America's poor. t/f?
true?
Science fiction depicts how science, both real and imaginary, affects individuals and society.T/F?
true?
Specialization of science reinforced the professionalization of science. t/f?
true?
predatory crimes
type 1 index crimes, there a victim
constitutional monarchy
ultimate power rests in the hands of elected officials.
Families that experience unemployment and poverty over several generations are considered
underclass
verstehen
understanding the meaning of action from the actor's point of view
Idea that scientific research should be judged solely on the basis of quality
universalism
Prejudice
unsupported generalization about a category of people
Individuals that are primarily high-income business people and professionals are
upper middle class
Managed Care
use of alternative health-insurance plans
so-called victimless crimes
usually involve acts regarded by society as morally offensive
Max Weber
verstehen (attempt to understand the meaningns individuals attach to their actions), BUREAUCRACY
When a couple consciously chooses never to have children.
voluntary childlessness
Stigma
Mark of social disgrace
The set of norms that establishes and characterizes the relationship between married individuals.
Marriage
Heterogamy
Marriage between individuals who have different characteristics
Heterogamy
Marriage between individuals who have different social characteristics
Homogamy
Marriage between individuals who have similar social characteristics
Exogamy
Marriage outside of one's own social category
true
Marriage outside of one's own social category is called exogamy. t/f
Polygamy
Marriage to multiple partners
Endogamy
Marriage within one's own social category
endogamy
Marriage within one's own social category.
Polygamy
Marrige with multiple partners
Living with or near the wife's parents.
Martrilocality
Instruments of communication that reach large audiences with no personal contact between those sending the information and those receiving it.
Mass media
Instruments of communication that reach large audiences with no personal contact between those sending the information and those receiving the information are called___
Mass media
The killing of 26 people at Sandy Hook Elementary School in 2012 is an example of
Mass murder
10.) One status tends to take rank above all others. This status that plays the greatest role in shaping a persons life and determining his or her social identity is called a(n):
Master Status
Social class is a group of people with similar levels of
wealth, power, and prestige
$8,250
what is the poverty level for a single person age 85 or older?
voluntary childlessness
when a couple consciously chooses never to have children
polygyny
when a man is permitted to marry more than one woman at a time
polyandry
when a woman is permitted to marry more then one man at a time
monogamy
when one man and one woman are married to each other
cluster effect
when someone famous commits suicide , there are spikes in suicides
Hispanic Americans
which of the following is the largest minority group in the U.S.?
Rick has been charged with an offense that carries a maximum penalty of a 90-day jail sentence; he has been charged with a
Misdemeanor
Which of the following is not considered to be an ethnic group?
Mongoloid
How has the general level of education in the United States changed since 1940?
More people have a bachelor's degree, more people are going to college,fewer people are without a high school diploma
false
More than half of American schools report at least one serious, violent incident per year. t/f
religious faith, race, and age
Most Americans marry individuals with characteristics similar to their own, including
religious faith, age, race
Most Americans marry individuals with characteristics similar to their own, including ...
Which regards to biological theories of crime
Most people convicted of crimes are biologically just like the rest of us
Egalitarian
Mother and Father share authority
Matriarchy
Mother holds most of the authority.
Describe an open stratification system.
Move between the different stratifications
How could an individual move down the social-class ladder?
Move from a highly prestigious job to a less prestigious job
social mobility
Movement of individuals or groups from one position in a society's stratification system to another
Vertical mobility
Movement to a different class
Unlike the United States, most democracies have a(n)
Multi-party system
5.)Folkways include all of the following except:
Murder
Which act helped the American Indians in keeping their burial land protected?
Native American Graves Protection and Repatriation
Which act helped the American Indians in keeping their burial land protected?
Native American Graves Protection and Repatriation Act
False
Native Americans have always held the status of a US citizen. (T/F)
Functionalist perspective of deviance
Natural part of society
true
Nazi Germany practiced subjugation. t/f
The residential pattern found most commonly in industrial societies is
Neolocality
Kinship
Network of people who are related by marriage, birth, or adoption.
Primary Deviance
Nonconformity that goes infected by those in authority
What is the national religion of the United States?
None of these
Incest Taboo
Norm forbidding sexual relations or marriage between certain relatives
Folkways
Norms describing socially excepted we Haviar. No danger to others and not critically or Morley important. Usually laws are not needed
Folkways
Norms that are not strictly enforced
Mores
Norms that are widely observed and have great moral significance
A family that consists of one or both parents and their children
Nuclear family
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of modern science?
Of interest only to a small segment of society
According to official statistics describing murder
Offenders and victims are generally of the same race
false
On college campuses, 56 percent of all bachelor's degrees are awarded to men. t/f
Cultural lag
One aspect of culture changes slower than other aspects
communism
One of the chief consequences of corporate capitalism is the growth of what?
When individuals from different religious backgrounds do marry
One partner sometimes adopt the other partners religion
that roughly 40 percent of all college athletes are women
One result of Title IX has been
women have less leisure time
One result of the second shift is that
a 30 year old man
Which of the following would NOT be a part of the baby boom generation?
Power
The ability to control the behavior of others, with or without their consent.
The study also reveals that wives were as likely to commit violent act within the family however
The acts committed by wives were less violent in nature and less damaging to spouses and children
False
The age of adolescents has always been the same in America
shamanism
The animistic belief that spirits communicate with only one person in the group.
true
The apartheid system in South Africa was an example of legal discrimination. t/f
tracking
The assignment of students to different types of educational programs is considered
Baby-boom generation
The baby-boom generation is a collective term for the approximately 76 million children born in the United States from 1946 through 1964.
polytheism
The belief in more than one gods.
monotheism
The belief in one god.
Racism
The belief that one's own race or ethnic group is superior to other races or ethnic groups.
Hinduism
The best-known polytheistic religion is
assimilation
The blending of culturally distinct groups into a single group with a common culture and identity.
Caste system
The caste system is a system in which scarce resources and rewards are distributed on the basis of ascribed statuses.
32.)Legal discrimination in the Unites States was outlawed with the passage of:
The civil rights act of 1964
True
White collar crime is described as offenses committed by individuals of high social status in the course of their professional lives
White ethnics
White ethnics is a collective reference to immigrants from the predominately Catholic countries of Ireland, Italy, France, Poland, and Greece.
white ethnics
White ethnics is a collective reference to immigrants from the predominately Catholic countries of Ireland, Italy, France, Poland, and Greece.
White-collar crime
White-collar crime is crime that is committed by an individual or individuals of high social status in the course of their professional lives.
Erich Fromm
Who tried to answer the question of why individuals submit to totalitarian rule in Escape from Freedom?
Final disruption. Families face is family dissolution. Follows the death of a spouse. About 16% of men aged 65 and older are widowers however close to 40% of all women over the age of 65 are widowers
Widowhood creates identity problems and economic problems due to the loss of employment income or the decrease in Social Security benefits
In 1960s the average length time bt. Marriage and the birth of their first child was 15 months by 1970 it was 27 months today it's common for women to have their first child at the age of 30.
Women bt. 30 and 34 accounted for 23% of all births in 1998. The reasons for delaying childbearing is to allowed time to complete education and to establish a career.
false
Women in the United States have 10 hours more leisure time per week than men. t/f
men dominant politics
Women make up 52 percent of the voting-age population and are more likely to vote, yet
true
Women make up 52 percent of the voting-age population. t/f
After divorce women's income fell by 30% while men's incomes showed a 10% reduction
Women seem to make better emotional adjustment to divorce. Rate of suicide alcoholism drug abuse depression and anxiety are higher among divorced men
Movement that held the sexes as being socially, politically and economically equal.
Women's Movement
Which of the following is NOT a result of the women's rights movement?
Women's Suffrage (1920s)(?)
Proletariat
Workers who sell their labor in exchange for wages
false
Worldwide men and women are only permitted to have monogamous marriages. t/f
Do age, gender, race, ethnicity or cultural background affect poverty? If so, how?
Yes, these characteristics can affect the life chances and life expectancy of an individual, based on the different behavioral patterns of the poor versus the wealthy.
True
You could be a 20-year-old but still considered an adolescent if you're in college for living at home
Culture; society
You could have American _________________ in other parts of the world, but you can only have American __________________ in America.
upper class
____ individuals can attend prestigious schools and their families have usually been wealthy for generations.
cultural pluralism
________ allows each group within society to keep its unique cultural identity.
Subjugation
Subjugation is the maintaining of control over a group through force.
subjugation
Subjugation is the maintaining of control over a group through force.
The emphasis a society places on any one economic sector is determined by that society's
Subsistence strategy
studies suggest that mothers feel a sense of increased satisfaction after their children have left home. In recent years the empty nest stage has been delayed for many families.
Close to 50% of Americans between the ages of 18 and 24 still live at home and some children are returning to their parents home after living independently for several years. About 8% of 25 - 44 year olds now live with their parents
Primary Relatives
Closest relatives, mother, father, sister, children.
Illegitimate power that is achieved by force or the threat of force.
Coercion
Deviant labeling
Commitment of a deviant act and stigmatized
The belief that all scientific knowledge should be made available to everyone in the scientific community.
Communalism
The United States has offered assistance to countries changing from what type of governmental system?
Communist
Moving police officers from cars to bikes and foot patrol is part of a police called
Community policing
Conflict perspective of deviance
Competition and inequality lead to deviance, ruling class vs lower class
Asian Americans
Competition for jobs produced physical violence and discrimination
True
Competition is when two or more groups or people oppose each other to achieve a goal that only one can attain
Conflict theorist believe that
Competition leads to deviance and social inequality leads to deviance.
true
Competition over scarce resources is seen as a cause of social inequality according to the conflict theory. t/f
What was the government responding to when the Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Reconciliation Act was passed in 1996?
Complaints of a permanent welfare class
Empirical data, objective, logical using careful perfect human reasoning, systematic research in an organized in the vertical way. In objective in logical systematically collecting data
Components of the scientific method
Not universal some societies go straight into adulthood. Factors for Americans would be required education, child labor laws, and juvenile court
Concept of adolescence
Which perspective argues that media messages are distorted because the media is owned by the power elite?
Conflict
cause of social inequality
Conflict theorists see competition over scarce resources as
Of the five modes of adaptation, ______ is not a deviant response
Conformity
true
Congress passed Goals 2000: Educate America Act to improve the quality of education in the United States. t/f
Extended Family
Consists of 2 or more generations
Nuclear Family
Consists of one or both parents and their children
Monarchy that is considered democratic because ultimate authority is held by elected officials.
Constitutional Monarchy
Control theory
Control theory is a theory of deviant behavior in which deviance is seen as natural occurrences and conformity is seen as the result of social control.
Socialization or teaching people the values needed to participate in society
Cordial molding is another way to describe what concept
Sandwich Generation
Couples, between the needs of their children and those of their parents
Dating and engagement
Courtship of somewhere on the continuum between __________________ and __________________
Which term refers to the violation of the criminal laws enacted by federal, state, or local governments?
Crime
The FBI complies an annual publication of crime reports from police departments across the country, callled
Crime in the US: Uniform Crime Report
true
Cultural pluralism allows each minority group to keep its cultural identity. t/f
Describe what genocide is and how it has been used in the past.
Genocide is extermination aimed at the intentional destruction of the entire targeted population. This kind of extermination has been attempted many times, and sometimes achieved, throughout history. Anti-Semitism, or hatred of Jews, has led to several attempts at Jewish extermination. After the assassination of Czar Alexander II in 1881, Jews in Russia came under attack. During that year some 200 pogroms were carried out against Jewish residents. A pogrom—a Russian word meaning devastation—usually involved mob attacks on Jews and their businesses or homes. Millions of European Jews were killed in the Holocaust during World War II. The Holocaust also claimed the lives of many Slavs, Roma (Gypsies), Jehovah's Witnesses, Communists and other groups the Nazis hated. Other examples of genocide include the British extermination of the Tasmanians and the South African destruction of the Khoikhoi during the 1800s.
30.) Which of the following characteristics do NOT affect poverty?
Geographic location
true
Germany developed an extensive propaganda campaign during World War II to build support for its war effort. t/f
Medicare
Government sponsored health insurance for elderly Americans and Americans with disabilities
Right of passage
Graduation for college is an example of this
All of the following acts have had an impact on Asian Americans except the
Graves Protection and Repatriation Act.
Tertiary Relatives
Great Grandparents, Great Grandchildren, Great Aunts, Great Uncles
Tertiary relatives
Great-grandparents, great-grandchildren, great-aunts, great-uncles, cousins
In preindustrial times families had to provide for their own needs by
Growing their own food Making their own clothes Building their own house
There are four major justifications for punishment. What is NOT one?
Guilt reduction
The virus that causes AIDS and is transmitted through sexual contact, contaminated blood and tissue, and contaminated hypodermic needles.
HIV
Which of the following viruses causes AIDS?
HIV
Studies show that daughters of working women may
Have a better self image
How can a society with different religions and racial groups promote a strong national identity among its members?
Have them participate in formal schooling
Travis Hirschi argues in his control theory that what discourages crime is
Having strong social ties that integrate the person within the community
2.)The phrase "survival of the fittest," or the belief that the best aspects of society would survive over time, was coined by:
Herbert Spencer
Marriage between individuals who have different social characteristics.
Heterogomy (hetero- different)
Although homogamy is still typical in the United States an increasing number of marriages are heterogamy. This increase in heterogamy is a function of changing social conditions. As contact between people of different social backgrounds increases the likelihood of heterogamy also increases. Some of those factors include
Higher college enrollment, more geographical mobility, and the increased participation of women in the workforce
Factors that have contributed to heterogamy include
Higher college enrollments Geographical mobility Participation of women in the work force
Which of the following statements would a conflict theorist most likely support?
Higher-status parents are better able to provide enriching experiences for their children
Which group immigrated to the Southwest?
Hispanics
What characteristics represent most individuals of the lower middle class?
Hold white collar jobs Live a comfortable life but must continue to work to maintain it
Marriage between individuals who have similar social characteristics.
Homogamy (homo - same
When a person changes jobs but does not change wealth, power, or prestige, that person experiences___________.
Horizontal mobility
Proportional representation ensures that
Minority viewpoints have a voice in government
Situation in which a mother holds most of the authority.
Matriarchy (Maternal)
Kinship is traced through the mothers family is called
Matrilineal descent
The presence of so much violence in the mass media
May have the effect of desensitizing us to all violence
Government sponsored health insurance for elderly Americans and Americans with disabilities.
MediCARE
The merging of mass media.
Media convergence
The state and federally funded health insurance program for low-income individuals.
MedicAID
Which program provides health insurance for the poor?
Medicade
Medicaid
Medicaid is a state and federally funded health-insurance program for people with little or no money.
Medicare
Medicare is a government-sponsored insurance plan for elderly or disabled persons.
False
Members of the upper middle class hold white-collar jobs
false
Members of the upper middle class hold white-collar jobs. t/f
Johannes Gutenberg invented
Metal movable type
A(n) _____ can be defined as a group of people who are singled out and treated unequally because of physical characteristics or cultural practices.
Minority groups
Maintaining control over a group through force is called ____.
Subjugation
Gunnar Mydral
Which is the Swedish sociologist who examined the issues of race relations in the U.S. in 1944?
egalitarian
Which of the following describes a family where the mother and the father share authority?
the Internet
Which of the following did the Office of War information NOT use?
Social Security Administration
Which of the following groups does NOT work to bring national attention to the elderly?
delayed marriage
Which of the following is NOT a cause of one-parent families?
displayed marriage
Which of the following is NOT a cause of one-parent families?
to create residential patterns
Which of the following is NOT a function of the family?
Civil Rights Act
Which of the following is NOT a result of the women's rights movement?
the Civil Rights Act of 1964
Which of the following is NOT a result of the women's rights movement?
an older adult portrayed as a positive role model
Which of the following is NOT an example of ageism?
longer life expectancies
Which of the following is a cause of the challenges to Social Security?
under representation in congress
Which of the following is an example of gender inequality in politics?
mongoloid
Which of the following is not considered to be an ethnic group?
voter apathy
Which of the following poses a threat to American democracy?
According to the data in the graph, the percent of college graduates of which racial group most closely matches that of the total population?
White
20.) Sucicide rates are high among people over the age of 65, particularly among ___:
white men
Although pornography is considered deviant, and much of it is illegal, it is
widely used
40.)One result of the second shift is that:
women, on average, have less leisure time than men
One result of the second shift is that
women, on average, have less leisure time than men
One result of the second shift is that
women, on average, have less leisure time than men.
proletariat
workers who sell their labor in exchange for wages
social class that is comprised of migrant farm workers
working poor
Segregation is
xx based on laws