Sociology 2

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Lemert & Becker

"Labeling Theory"- all people commit deviant acts in their life, but not everyone is labeled deviant

Robert K Merton

"Self Fulfilling Prophecy", "Strain Theory"- people are expected to meet goals of society and if they cannot be met, it leads to anomie

George Herbert Mead

"role taking" - take on pretend roles of others through imitation, play and games

John Locke

"tabula rasa"- each person is a blank slate at birth

Charles Horton Cooley

"the looking glass self"- children develop an imagine of themselves based on how others see them

feral children

"wild child" , example : genie

In the year 2000, it was reported that health care costs exceeded

$1.3 Trillion

Conflict theorist believe that

(all of the above)

The labelling theory

(all of the above)

Deviance is views at the natural outgrowth of values, norms, and structure of society

(all of the above) Is known as the station theory, developed by Robert K. Merton and is the major functionalist explanation

The interactionist perspective focuses on

(all of the above) control theory, cultures transmission theory, & labelling theory

Principle types of crime in the United States include

(all of the above) violent crimes, crimes against property, & white collar crimes

To be labelled deviant, one must

(both a & b) be detected commuting a deviant act & be stigmatised by society

Conflict theorist believe that

(both a & b) competition leads to deviance & social inequality leads to deviance

who is likely to be a victim of a violent crime

***a. person you know b. or a person u dont know

Which of these is not a characteristic of public order crime?

***a. predatory b. mala prohibita c. victimless d. morality

although pornography is considered deviant and much of it is illegal it is...

***a. widely used b. only popular with a few people c. a subject which only a few sociology and other scientists d. always changing

feminists theories focus on intimate partner abuse?

**a. male domination (patriarchal) b. social status c. stero types d. personalitys

Behavior in violation of social norms

- Use of illegal drugs - Attacking another person with a weapon - Talking to self in public

Name the current social classes in the United States in order.

-The upper class -The upper middle class -lower middle -working class -the working poor -the underclass

Which of the following is a victimless crime?

-prohibited sexual acts between consenting adults --vagrancy -illicit use of marijuana

A disease that attacks the immune system, leaving a person vulnerable to a host of deadly infections.

1

Monogamy

1 man in 1 woman are married to another

Family organization is determined by how society or group within a society answers four questions

1) how many marriages partners may a person have 2) who will live with who 3) How will family membership be determined 4) who will make the decisions in the family

Most people in polygamous so cities take only one spouse for 2 reason

1) it is very expensive to have more than one marriage partners 2) most societies tend to produce roughly equal numbers of men and women

The functions of the family

1) regulation of sexual activity 2) reproduction 3) socialization 4) economic and emotional security

Functions of Deviance

1. Clarifying norms - Defines boundaries of acceptable behavior 2. Unifying the group - Reinforces differences between conformists and nonconformists 3. Diffusing tension - Demonstrations of social discontent without destroying social order 4. Promoting social change - Identifying problem areas 5. Providing jobs - Police officers, judges, lawyers

Those with the highest risk for becoming infected with HIV are

1. Homosexual and bisexual men 2. Intravenous drug use 3. The sexual partners of high risk people

What challenges do Americans with disabilities face?

1. Prejudice 2. Discrimination 3. Difficulty finding meaningful employment

According to research published in 2013, what proportion of the U.S. adult population reports being afraid to walk alone at night in their own communities?

1/3

The number of interracial marriages in the United States has grown by almost ___times since the late 1960s. Before that time at least a _____ States had laws that made interracial marriages illegal

10 Dozen

About ___ of all murders committed in _____ what the results of intimate partner violence. Some ___, of the victims of intimate partner murder were women

11% 1998 75%

Supreme Court ruling in _____ struck down laws that made interracial marriage illegal

1967

When was the widespread nature of family violence confirmed in a nationwide study

1975

The widespread nature of family violence was confirmed in a _____ nationwide study. The researchers found that nearly _____ of the people that interviewed had experienced some form of violence in the course of their marriages. Moreover almost _____ of the people interviewed reported hitting their children usually more than once

1975 1/3 3/4

In ____ about 1 million crimes of violence was committed against people by intimate partners and about ____of the victims were women.

1998 85%

Homogamy is even stronger when it comes to race. Only _____ of all in marriages are between individuals who are black and white

2.4%

About what percent of Americans describe themselves as "born again" or evangelical Christians?

25 percent

About what percent of all campaign funds come from PACs

25%

Marriage rates are declining. For example about ____ of Americans over the age of 15 have never been married

28%

1) the laws governing the divorce process has become less complicated and the cost of obtaining a divorce has decreased 2) the increase in the number of dual earner families and the growth of day care facilities has decreased the economic dependence of women

3) society in general has become more tolerant of divorce. 4) many people expect more of marriage and are less ready to accept martial problems

41.) Today in the United States it is not at all uncommon for a women to have her first child at what age?:

30

Today in the United States it is not at all uncommon for a woman to have her first child at what age

30

About what percent of the U.S. population are members of the working class?

30%

Among Americans between the ages of 25 and 30 for the prime years for marriage is about

35%

How many people in the United States are affected with disabilities?

53 million

In 2000 about _____ of American men and ____ of American women over 15 years of age were married

56% 52%

16.) ___ percent of the population in the United States over the age of 16 is in the labor force:

67%

In 2012, police cleared what percentage of motor-vehicle thefts?

7.4%

Crime against property accounts for what share of all serious offenses?

88%

Life expectancy is ______ for a poor person than it is for an average-income person. a. less c. longer b. the same d. no data available to support this claim

A

38.) Which of the following would NOT be a part of the baby boom generation?:

A 30 year old man

totemism

A belief in kinship between humans and animals.

28.) Exogamy is found in:

A caste system

29.) The distribution of scarce resources and rewards is determined on the basis of achieved statuses in which system?

A class system

Class system

A class system is a system in which scarce resources and rewards are determined on the basis of achieved statuses.

Crime

A crime refers to any act that is labeled as such by those in authority, is prohibited by law, and is punishable by the government.

Crime syndicate

A crime syndicate is a large-scale organization of professional criminals that controls some vice or business through violence or the threat of violence.

The process of labelling an individual as deviant is called

A degradation ceremony

constitutional monarchy

A democratic system in which the named "ruler" is a symbolic head of state, and power rests in the hands of elected officials.

true

A division of society into categories, ranks, or classes is called social stratification. t/f

false

A division that is based on individual characteristics, abilities, and behaviors does not lead to social inequality.

Capital

A factor of production that involves a country's wealth and infrastructure

Entrepreneurship

A factor of production that involves the creativity and risk needed to develop new goods and services

Nuclear Family

A family composed of two parents and their children living in the same house hold.

Extended Family

A family in which parents, children, and other relative live in the same household.

legal discrimination

A form of discrimination that is upheld by the law is called _____.

false

A government that uses coercion on people lets them do what they want. t/f

minority group

A group of people who - because of their physical characteristics or cultural practices - are singled out and unequally treated.

Family

A group of people who are related by marriage blood or adoption

Family

A group of people who are related by marriage, blood, or adoption and who often live together and share economic resources

Minority group

A group of people who, because of their physical characteristics or cultural practices, are singled out and treated unequally.

Family

A group of two or more people who are related by blood, marriage, or adoption or mutual commitment and who care for one another.

Subculture

A group that share money values and practices of the larger size but have enough cultural specialties not shared by the rest

Give an example of intragenerational mobility.

A janitor at at a school becomes the principal

Crime Syndicate

A large scale organization of professional criminals that controls some vice or business through violence or the threat of violence

What are life chances and who has an advantage of having more?

A life chance is the likelihood that individuals have of sharing in the opportunities and benefits of society. The higher classes.

A stigma is

A mark of social disgrace that sets the deviant apart from the rest of society

Stigma

A mark of social disgrace that sets the deviant apart from the rest of society

Collective discrimination is

A negative bias against an entire group.

Kinship

A network of people who are related by marriage birth or adoption

true

A new development in the political arena is that more women are holding statewide positions, which has increased from four percent in years past to twenty-nine percent. t/f

cult

A new religion whose beliefs and practices differ from those of the societies major religions.

one or both parents and their children

A nuclear family consists of

one or both parents and their children

A nuclear family consists of ..

false

A person's sex is socially created, while gender is biologically determined. t/f

Cultural Pluralism

A policy that allows each group within society to keep its unique cultural identity.

The elderly in the United States have become ____________

A political force.

Ethnic Cleansing

A practice that involves removing a group from a particular area through terror, expulsion and mass murder.

Self-fulfilling prophecy

A prediction that results in behavior that makes the prediction come true.

SES

A rating that combines social factors such as educational level, occupational prestige and place of residence with the economic factor of income.

sect

A relatively small religious organization that typically has split off from a denomination is referred to as

ethicalism

A religious belief system that is based on the idea that moral principles have a sacred quality.

ecclesia

A religious organization that most members belong to by virtue of their birth.

Positive sanction

A reward or positive reaction for following norms, ranging from a smile to a material reward

Primary group

A small group characterized by intimate, face-to-face association and cooperation.

Social class

A social class is a grouping of people with similar levels of wealth, power, and prestige.

Courtship

A social interaction similar to dating but with the sole purpose of eventual marriage

Status

A social position that a person holds

Poverty

A standard of living that is below the minimum level considered decent and reasonable by society

What is the Matthew effect?

A tendency for honors and recognition to go to those scientists who have already achieved recognition

Polyandry

A woman is permitted to marry more than one man at a time

minority groups

A(n) _____ can be defined as a group of people who are singled out and treated unequally because of physical characteristics or cultural practices.

What is the family disruption that receives a great deal with media attention

A. Divorce

Did most universal social institution is the family every society organizes its members into familiesStudies show that the daughters of working woman may

A. Have a better self image

If the newly married couple is expected to live with near the husband's parents they're most likely a part of

A. Partilocality

Sociologist use the term marriage to refer to

A. Set of norms that establishes and characterizes the relationship between married individuals

A nuclear family consist of

A.One or both parents and their children

A disease that attacks the immune system, leaving a person vulnerable to a host of deadly infections.

AIDS

Child abuse was defined as a social problem

About 1960, largely based on the activism of Dr. C. Henry Kempe

Comparing victimization survey responses to police reports shows that about what percentage of serious crime is known to police?

About half of violent crime and one-third of property crime

Capitalists

According to Karl Marx, who are the bourgeoise?

prejudice non-discriminatory

According to Merton, a person who is prejudiced but afraid to discriminate b/c of pressure is a

timid bigot

According to Merton, a person who is prejudiced but is afraid to discriminate because of societal pressure is a

Physical growth and development, undefined status, increase in decision-making, time of great pressure, finding yourself

According to the book and notes the following are characteristics of adolescence

AIDS

Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS) is a potentially fatal disease caused by a virus that attacks an individual's immune system, leaving the person vulnerable to a host of deadly infections.

13.) The period between normal onset of puberty and the beginning of adulthood is called:

Adolescence

Since the 1960s there has been a sexual revolution due to birth control 6 inch TVs etc. About 50% of girls age 15 to 19 are sexually active and boys are at a higher percent. Sexual activity rates remain high but their lower pregnancy rates due to birth control

Adolescent sexual activity facts

true

Affirmative action programs in the United States are an example of legal efforts to achieve equal rights. t/f

false

African Americans, Asian Americans, Hispanics, and American Indians have all faced the same levels of discrimination and prejudice. t/f

social norms, values, beliefs

After families, schools are the most important and obvious means though which children learn

social norms, values, and beliefs

After families, schools are the most important and obvious means through which children learn

factories could meet most needs, government agencies, charitable organizations

After industrialization, why did families no loner need to be self-sufficient?

What factors influence the likelihood that an individual lives in poverty?

Age Gender Ethnicity& race

____________________, ____________________, and ____________________ are the three factors that affect media consumption.

Age, education, income

Homogamy is based on characteristics such as_____,_____, _____, and _____

Age, socioeconomic status, religion, and race

Ageism

Ageism is a belief that one age is by nature superior to another age category.

A process whereby the media set the boundaries of public debate by deciding which issues to cover.

Agenda setting

Which of the following terms can be linked to the process of rationalization?

All of the above

From Gallup poll results, what are the concerns about the U.S. health care system?

All of the above (cost, equality, and accessibility)

Those with the highest risk for becoming infected with HIV are

All of the above (homosexual and bisexual men, intravenous drug abusers, the sexual partners of high risk people)

What condition is needed for a democracy to thrive in a society?

All of the above (industrialization, access to information, and limits on power)

What are the different types of economic systems?

All of the above (preindustrial, postindustrial, and industrial)

Graves Protection and Repatriation Act.

All of the following acts have had an impact on Asian Americans except the

eye color

All of the following are physical characteristics used to determine race except

subjugation

All of the following are sources of prejudice and discrimination EXCEPT:

Indianoid

All of the following have been used as racial categories EXCEPT:

forbids sexual relations or marriage between certain relatives

All societies enforce some type of incest taboo, which

forbids sexual relations or marriage between certain relatives

All societies enforce some type of incest taboo, which ..

Bilocality

Allows a newly married couple to choose whether they will live near the husband's parents or wife's parents

Alternative medicine

Alternative medicine is the treating of illnesses with unconventional methods such as acupuncture, biofeedback, massage, meditation, yoga, herbal remedies, and relaxation techniques.

Which society uses a class system?

American

Face many challenges, including suicide and alcohol-related deaths.

American Indians

Which minority group is made up with tribes who each have different cultures and history?

American Indians

false

American society is based on the caste system. t/f

false

American society is made up of people of the same cultural background. t/f

Sandwich Generation

Americans caught between the needs of their children and aging parents

social mobility

Americans have long believed that education is the key to

What does ADA stand for?

Americans with Disabilities Act.

37.) What does ADA stand for?:

Americans with disabilities act

prejudiced and openly discriminatory

An active bigot is ..

junta

An authoritarian system in which a small group has seized power from the previous government.

Command Economy

An economic system in which government owns most parts of the economy and decides what will be produced and sold

Traditional Economy

An economic system in which people trade goods and services without money

Free-Enterprise Economy

An economic system in which privately owned businesses provide goods and services that people buy

ethnic group

An ethnic group is individuals who share a common cultural background and a common sense of identity

Ethnic group

An ethnic group is individuals who share a common cultural background and a common sense of identity.

baptism, wedding, or a funeral

An example of a religious ritual is

a multi-national company having offices in another country.

An example of globalization would be

wedding

An example of religious ritual is

Negative sanction

An expression of disapproval for breaking a norm

true

An increase in childlessness is a recent trend in American family life. t/f

Primary

An individual's closest relatives. Includes mother, father, sister, brother, Spouse, daughter, and Son

Secondary

An individual's next closest relatives. Are the primary relatives of an individual's primary relatives. Includes grandparents, grandchildren, in laws, aunts, uncles, nephews, and nieces

Which of the following is NOT an example of ageism?

An older adult portrayed as a positive role model

horizontal intergenerational vertical mobility.

An open class system is based on social mobility that includes

Institutionalized Discrimination

An outgrowth of the structure of society.

stereotype

An oversimplified, exaggerated, or unfavorable generalization about a group of people

Stereotype

An oversimplified, exaggerated, or unfavorable generalization about a group of people.

stereotype

An oversimplified, exaggerated, or unfavorable generalization about a group of people.

prejudice

An unsupported generalization about a category of people.

The situation that arises when the norms of society are unclear or are no longer applicable is referred to as

Anomie

Anomie

Anomie is a situation that arises when the norms of society are unclear or are no longer applicable.

The United States spends a higher percentage of its GDP on health care than ____.

Any other country in the world

profane

Anything considered being part of the ordinary world; commonplace and familiar.

sacred

Anything that is considered to be part of the supernatural world that inspires awe, respect, and reverence is

sacred

Anything that is considered to be part of the supernatural would that inspires awe, respect, and reverence is

Informal sanction

Approval or disapproval and a non-formal way such as being booed

One of the consequences of poverty is that poverty stricken people __

Are less able to enjoy society's benefits

Polyandry is primarily found in parts of ____ and appears to rise in response to

Asia Extreme poverty and a shortage of women Ex. Toda of india

Competition for jobs produced physical violence and discrimination

Asian American

Competition for jobs produced physical violence and discrimination

Asian Americans

__________ have been called a "model minority," but many resent the label.

Asian Americans

true

Asian Americans includes people of Filipino ancestry. t/f

Assimilation

Assimilation is the blending of culturally distinct groups into a single group with a common culture or identity.

assimilation

Assimilation is the blending of culturally distinct groups into a single group with a common culture or identity.

Today in the United States it's not uncommon for women to have a child that what age

B. 30

Societies in for some type of incest taboo which

B. Forbids sexual relations or marriage between certain relatives

de facto segregation

Based on informal norms.

de jure segregation

Based on laws.

monotheism, polytheism, ethicalism

Belief system can be organized into 3 basic types

Sociology

Besides the studies human society and social behavior

Alcohol

Biggest drug problem among high school students is the use of this

Most industrial societies practice

Bilateral descent

False

Blue-collar workers are paid by what they know; white-collar workers by what they do

Students who are treated as bright and capable come to think of themselves as

Bright and capable

47.) What killed about one third of Europes population between 1347 and 1350?:

Bubonic Plague

Which of the following is a crime against property?

Burglary

Which of the following describes a family with a mother and father share authority

C. Egalitarian

What do my sociology just argue is the most devastating family disruption

C. Family Volience

In 1960 there were a dozen US states that made interracial marriages

C. Illegal

factors that have contributed to heterogamy includes

C. Participation of women in the work force

Polygamy is relatively rare it even in societies where is acceptable in a martial system this is because

C. Such a household is expensive to support

Manufactured goods used in the production process.

Capital

Economic system in which an individual rather than government owns the factors of production.

Capitalism

Free-enterprise systems are associated with which of the following?

Capitalism

Name and describe the two basic types of stratification systems.

Caste System: a system in which scarce resources and social rewards are distributed on the basis of ascribed statuses. Class System: a system in which the distribution of scarce resources and rewards are determined on the basis of achieved statuses.

minority group

Category of people who share physical characteristics or cultural practices that result in the group being denied equal treatment.

added to the variety of religions

Changing immigration patterns in the U.S. have

added variety of religions

Changing immigration patterns in the United States have

coercion

Charismatic authority is based on

personal characteristics

Charismatic authority is based on

Nearly 3.2 million cases of neglect of physical abuse against children were reported in 1999 just over 1 million children were confirmed by Child Protective Services to be victims of maltreatment

Child abuse resulted in the death of almost 1400 children in 1999 however experts estimate that the true figure was considerably higher because abuse-related death are often attributed to other causes

At which stage does political socialization begin?

Childhood

Feral children

Children on influenced by their social environment

socialism

China adjusted it's constitution in 1999 to acknowledge the economic importance of which of the following?

Cultural pluralism

Cultural pluralism is a policy that allows each group within a society to keep its unique cultural identity.

cultural pluralism

Cultural pluralism is a policy that allows each group within a society to keep its unique cultural identity.

_____ explains the deviance as a learned behaviour

Cultural transmission theory

Cultural transmission theory

Cultural transmission theory is a theory that views deviance as a learned behavior transmitted through interaction with others.

The distribution of scarce resources and rewards is determined on the basis of achieved statuses in which system? a. an open system c. a closed system b. a caste system d. a class system

D

After industrialization why did families no longer need to be self sufficient

D. All of the above

Most Americans marry individuals with characteristics similar to their own, including

D. All of the above

The most common martial system in the majority of preindustrial societies around the world is

D. All of the above

Which of the following is not a cause of one parent families

D. Delayed marriage

The residental patterns found most commonly in industrial societies is

D. Neolocality

Sexual assault in which offender and victim have some personal relationship is called

Date rape

True

Dating is not a universal phenomenon

false

De facto segregation is illustrated by unequal access to the resources of society that pushes some minority groups into less powerful positions. t/f

Trends in American family life

Delayed marriage, delayed childbearing, childlessness, dual earner marriages, one parent families, remarriage

Which of the following represents coercion?

Denying citizens the right to vote

Achieved status

Derive through effort not inherited

Patrilineal Descent

Descent pattern in which kinship is traced through the father's family,

Bilateral Descent

Descent system in which kinship is traced through both parents

Matrilineal Descent

Descent system in which kinship is traced through the mother's family

True

Describe statuses or not based on an individuals ability, effort, or accomplishments

Transfer Payments

Designed to enable the government to redistribute money among various segments of society.

Objective

Detached, unbiased, and open-minded. Assuming nothing and not personal

What were the effects of immigration on the American culture's economic life?

Development of businesses, marketing plans, media focus, TV and radio stations

Deviance

Deviance is known as behavior that violates significant social norms.

Strain theory

Deviance viewed as the rebellion against society is burdensome values and norms

Behaviour that violates significant social norms is called?

Deviant

Cultural transmission theory

Deviant behavior is learned through interactions with other deviance

Society is a group of interdependent people who share the same culture and have a sense of unity where as cultures shared behavior. Culture is the way people live

Difference between society and culture

The frequency and closeness of associations a person has with deviant and nondeviant individuals is called

Differential Association

Differential association

Differential association is a proportion of associations a person has with deviant versus non-deviant individuals.

The gap between those with access to new technologies and those without.

Digital Divide

The gap between those with access to new technologies and those without is called the

Digital divide

Prejudice and __________ are separate but related features of the minority experience.

Discrimination

discrimination

Discrimination is the denial of equal treatment to individuals based on their group membership

Discrimination

Discrimination is the denial of equal treatment to individuals based on their group membership.

Scientists should seek truth, not personal gain.

Disinterestedness

The result of cultures assimilation is

Distinct groups blend into a single group with common cultures and identities.

Family disruption that recieces a great deal of media attention

Divorce

What is the family disruption that receives a great deal of media attention

Divorce

Which of the following is not a cause of one parent families

Divorce Births to unwed mothers Death of a spouse Delayed marriage

Ethnocentric

Do United States culture seems to create personality traits that are this

Horizontal, vertical, intergenerational

Do United States has an open class system based on social mobility that includes these

Today in the United States women are pursuing nontraditional careers as

Doctors Computer scientists University professors All of the above

Americans tend to give an individual respect and honor based on what the individual__________.

Does for a living

In recent decades the traditional family has been replaced by

Dual-earner families One-parent families Childless families All of the above

When did the United States establish the Office of War Information?

During World War II

true

During the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, immigrants from predominantly Catholic countries faced open discrimination at the hands of the American-born white Protestant majority. t/f

In which of the following religious organizations are you least likely to find converts?

Ecclesia

Primary Sector

Economic activity that involves taking raw materials from the soil or water

Tertiary Sector

Economic activity that involves the production of services

Secondary Sector

Economic activity that involves using raw materials to manufacture goods

Many Americans believe this is the key to social mobility.

Education

A person's socioeconomic status is determined by income,___________________________________.

Education level, and place of residence.

Which of the following describes a family where the mother and the father share authority

Egalitarian

Societies establishe norms governing childbearing and child rearing. These norms determines such things as who is

Eligible to marry and to bear children, the number of children that is considered appropriate, and the rights and responsibilities of parents

What is one of the most important functions of religion?

Encouraging social cohesion

The United States and many other societies primarily practice Endogamy-

Endogamy- Marriage within a social category or social group, including race, ethnicity, social class, and religion.

Which statement reflects a socialist viewpoint?

Equal access to goods and services cannot be guaranteed if the means of production are owned by individuals.

Rules for Descent are important for the smooth operation of society because they

Establish who is eligible to inherit property from whom

false

Ethnicity and race are two words that mean the same thing. t/f

True

Ethnicity is defined as the set of cultural characteristics that distinguishes one group from another. (T/F)

Ethnicity

Ethnicity refers to a set of cultural characteristics that distinguishes one group from another group.

ethnicity

Ethnicity refers to a set of cultural characteristics that distinguishes one group from another group.

The scarlet letter

Example of a stigma

language and history

Examples of subjects included in core curriculum are

Marriage outside one's own social category.

Exogamy

A division that is based on individual characteristics, abilities, and behaviors does not lead to social inequality.

F

African Americans, Asian Americans, Hispanics, and American Indians have all faced the same levels of discrimination and prejudice.

F

American society is made up of people of the same cultural background.

F

Based on the caste system in India, the Harijans are the highest rank in their caste system.

F

By the year 2050, one out of every nine Americans will be elderly.

F

De facto segregation is illustrated by unequal access to the resources of society that pushes some minority groups into less powerful positions.

F

Ethnicity and race are two words that mean the same thing.

F

In industrial societies a younger person holds the greatest social power.

F

In the 1900s, Asian immigrants mainly settled in the Southwest, while Hispanics settled along the east coast.

F

It is easy to classify people into clear-cut racial categories.

F

Jim Crow laws were legislation designed to put an end to legal discrimination.

F

Native Americans have always been able to obtain jobs.

F

People with power commit deviant acts to obtain economic rewards.

F

Racial stratification is almost extinct, thanks to reform attempts.

F

Scarce resources and social rewards are not the basis of ascribed statuses.

F

South and Southeast Asia are the regions that have experienced the greatest challenges from the AIDS crisis.

F

The Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882 was developed to help give civil rights to the Asian Americans.

F

The Hispanic population only includes immigrants from Mexico.

F

The dominant group is the victim of unequal treatment at the hands of the minority group.

F

The owners of the means of production in a capitalist society are known as the proletariat.

F

There are five basic types of stratification.

F

There is no link between poverty and one's health.

F

Vagrancy is a crime against property.

F

Very few societies base access to social rewards and resources on race or ethnicity.

F

American Indians

Face many challenges, including suicide and alcohol-related deaths.

After industrialization why did families no longer need to be self sufficient

Factories could meet most needs Government agencies Charitable descent

higher college enrollments. geographical mobility. participation of women in the work force.

Factors that have contributed to heterogamy include

higher college enrollments, geographical mobility, participation of women in the work force

Factors that have contributed to heterogamy include ..

52.) Margaret Mead, in the 1940s, compiled a list of more than 65 cultural universals after examining hundreds of different cultures.

False

53.) Narcissism is the tendency to view one's own culture or group as superior to others:

False

54.) The family is the least important agent of socialization in almost every society:

False

55.) Peer group socialization is the same as family socialization:

False

56.) The dating system is not flexible as opposed to the courtship system that existed prior to dating:

False

57.) Hallucinogens are the most widely used illegal drugs among high school seniors based on a survey between 1990 and 2001.

False

61.) Primary deviance is nonconformity that is detected by those in authority:

False

64.) Social mobility is not an important feature of an open class system:

False

66.) Native Americans have always held the status of U.S. citizens:

False

70.) Not many senior citizens are politically active:

False

71.) There does not have to be rules for descent in order for there to be a smooth operation of society:

False

74.) Voting participation of unemployed workers was higher than that of employed workers in 2000:

False

75.) Statistics show that there is a weak relationship between education and income:

False

77.) The Telecommunications Act of 1996 encourages advertisers to use a rating system similar to that used by the television companies:

False

78.) Television violence does not make bowers fearful of the world around them, and makes them more trustful of others:

False

80.) Panics occur in everyday situations:

False

A government that uses coercion on people lets them do what they want.

False

About 15 percent of American households have access to the media.

False

An individual's closest relatives are called tertiary

False

Competition in the ancient Greek Olympic games could be classified as sport in the modern sense.

False

Delayed child bearing is one type of family disruption

False

Families do not perform similar functions across cultures

False

Family trees on the mother's side of the family are the only way to map relationships with members if they are extended family

False

Generally, voter participation decreases with age.

False

Health care costs have not been affected by advances in medical technology.

False

It is very common for religious individuals to marry individuals from different religious backgrounds

False

Participants take turns competing at the same skill in direct competition.

False

Rational-legal authority rests with the individual who holds office.

False

Religion is a necessary component of sport as an institution.

False

Science emerged as a recognizable system of study in 800s B.C.

False

Science is an impure and biased field.

False

Several studies suggest that frequent television viewing and Internet use encourages engagement in civic and social life.

False

Sociologists call an extended family the typical family

False

Television does not depict a great deal of violence.

False

Television violence does not make viewers fearful of the world around them, and makes them more trustful of others.

False

The "Information Rich" are less likely to benefit more from greater access to new technology than the "information poor."

False

The central ideal of industrialization was maintaining "status quo."

False

The four factors that contributed to the rebirth of science are the decline of the Roman empire, the influence of the Catholic church, the Protestant Reformation, and the invention of the printing press.

False

The secondary sector concentrates on the extraction of raw materials from the environment.

False

There does not have to be rules for descent in order for there to be a smooth operation of society

False

There does not have to be rules for desent in order for there to be a smooth operation of society

False

Violence in American schools has been on the rise since the mid-1990s.

False

Worldwide men and women are only permitted to have a monogamous marriage

False

Worldwide men and women are only permitted to have monogamous marriages.

False

On college campuses, 56 percent of all bachelor's degrees are awarded to men.

False (56% awarded to women)

The women's movement in the United States began almost 250 years ago in the 1700s.

False (?)

A person's sex is socially created, while gender is biologically determined.

False (other way around)

Functionalist sociologists believe that the mass media does not perform any duties that support stability and a smooth operation of society.

False (they DO think this)

Medical sociologist careers involve investigating social factors that affect health care.

False -

Dual Earner Families

Families in which both husbands and wives have jobs

under class

Families that experience unemployment and poverty over several generations are considered

Agent of socialization

Family come up your group, school, and mass media all or what

Family of procreation

Family consisting of individual his or her spouse and their children

The nuclear family into which a person is born or adopted.

Family of Orientation

Family consisting of an individual, his or her spouse, and their children.

Family of Procreation

Extended family

Family that consists of two or more generations

What do most sociologist argue is the most devastating family disruption

Family violence

Asian

Fastest growing minority group in the US?

Patriarchy

Father holds most of the authority

Augusta Comte

Father of Sociology

true

Few families can survive on a single salary. t/f

Give the influences done by immigration on the American culture's social life.

Food, language, education, and religion

False

For a sociologist race is determined by a set of physical features. (T/F)

False

For an act to be labeled deviant it must be done more than one time

True

For the dominant group in society, prejudice serves as a justification for discriminatory actions. (T/F)

true

For the dominant group in society, prejudice serves as a justification for discriminatory actions. t/f

All societies enforce some type of incest taboo, which

Forbids sexual relations between certain relatives

All societies enforce some type of incest taboo which

Forbids sexual relations or marriage between certain relatives

schooling

Formal education that involves instruction by specially trained teachers who follow officially recognized policies is called

rational-legal authority

Formal rules and regulations provide the basis for this type of authority.

equality of the health care

From Gallup polls results, what are the concerns about the U.S. health care system?

teaching of knowledge and skills, the transmissions of culture, social integration and occupational placement

Functional sociologists believe that the most important function of education includes

teaching transmission and integration

Functional sociologists believe that the most important function of education includes

Agenda setting in the media is undertaken by

Gatekeepers

The behavioral and psychological traits considered appropriate for men and women.

Gender

Which of the following is not a factor affecting voter participation?

Gender

Cultural universals

General cultural traits that exist in all cultures

Where does the shortage for physicians lie?

General practitioners

stays the same with age

Generally, voter participation in the U.S.

increases with age

Generally, voter participation in the United States

The extermination of an entire targeted population is called ______.

Genocide

Genocide

Genocide is extermination aimed at intentionally destroying an entire targeted population.

genocide

Genocide is extermination aimed at intentionally destroying an entire targeted population.

through socialization

How do children learn gender role behaviors?

Wealthy Americans receive adequate medical care

How is social status directly related to health care?

53 million

How many people in the U.S. are affected with disabilities?

A groundskeeper who moves from a school to a church and remains a groundskeeper is experiencing _____. a. Horizontal mobility b. Vertical mobility c. Intergenerational mobility d. Parallel mobility

a

Advances in technology can cause workers with outdated skills to experience _____. a. Downward social mobility b. Upward social mobility c. Relative job security d. No changes in their social status.

a

Conflict theorists see competition over scarce resources as a. the cause of social inequality. b. a necessary feature of the social structure. c. unimportant in society. d. all of the above

a

How is social status directly related to health care? a. Wealthy Americans receive adequate medical care. b. Poor Americans receive adequate medical care. c. No one receives adequate medical care. d. none of the above

a

In a ____, a person is assigned a status at birth and remains at that level throughout life. a. a caste system c. a closed system b. an open system d. a class system

a

In the year 2000, it was reported that health care costs exceeded a. $1.3 trillion. c. $130 trillion. b. $13 trillion. d. the national debt.

a

One of the consequences of poverty is that poverty stricken people _____. a. Are less able to enjoy society's benefits b. Are more likely to achieve high social status c. Are more likely to hold white collar jobs d. Are less likely to hold low paying jobs

a

One of the consequences of poverty is that poverty stricken people _____. a. Are less able to enjoy society's benefits b. Are more likely to achieve high social status c. Are more likely to hold white collar jobs d. Are less likely to hold low paying jobs

a

Scarce resources and social rewards are distributed on the basis of ascribed statuses in a. a caste system. c. a class system. b. an open system. d. a closed system.

a

Sociologists use the term marriage to refer to a. the set of norms that establishes and characterizes the relationship between married individuals. b. the married couple. c. a social custom involving a wedding. d. a group consisting of an individual, his or her spouse, and their children.

a

Studies show that daughters of working women may a. have a better self-image. c. be lower achievers. b. be less independent. d. have a low self-image.

a

Techniques used to rank individuals according to social class are a. reputational. c. objective. b. subjective. d. all of the above

a

The likelihood that individuals have of sharing in the opportunities and benefits of society is known as a. life chances. c. both a and b b. life expectancy. d. neither a nor b

a

Today more and more Americans are seeking medical advice not face-to-face visits with doctors but from a. the Internet c. radio b. television d. the newspaper

a

What are media executives, editors, or reporters called who open or close the gate on a particular story? a. gatekeepers c. social capitalists b. opinion leaders d. none of the above

a

Why did American families no longer need to be self-sufficient after industrialization? a. Cheap goods manufactured in factories met most needs c. The government provided welfare for most Americans b. Charities donated necessities to most families in need d. Local communities provided goods for all members

a

resocialization

a break with past experiences and the learning of new values and norms

corporations

a business organization that is owned by stockholders and is treated by law as if it were an individual person.

Corporations

a business organization that is owned by stockholders and is treated by laws as if it were an individual person

aptitude

a capacity to learn a particular skill or acquire a particular body of knowledge

Race

a category of people who share inherited physical characteristics and whom others see as being a distinct group

race

a category of people who share inherited physical characteristics and whom others see as being a distinct group.

Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS)

a disease that attacks the immune system, leaving a person vulnerable to a host of deadly infections

theoretical perspectives

a general set of assumptions about the nature of things

secondary group

a group in which interaction is impersonal and temporary in nature

society

a group of interdependent people who have organized in such a way as to share a common culture and feeling of unity

family

a group of people who are related by marriage, blood, or adoption

Minority Group

a group of people who are singled out and unequally treated

minority group

a group of people who-because of their physical characteristics or cultural practices- are singled out and treated unequally

social class

a group of people with similar levels of wealth, power, and prestige

social class

a group of people with similar levels of wealth, power, and prestige.

Social Class

a grouping of people with similar levels of wealth, power, and prestige

crime syndicate

a large scale organization of profession criminals that controls some vice or business through violence or the threat of violence

formal organization

a large, complex secondary group that has been established to achieve specific goals

a mother who feels helpless that her 12 year old son is using marijuana and therefore allows the behavior to continue is exhibiting

a lax style of parenting

An example of globalization would be

a multi-national company having offices in another country

collective discrimation

a negative bias against an entire group

Collective discrimination is

a negative bias against an entire group.

collective discrimination

a negative bias against an entire group.

kinship

a network of people who are related by marriage, birth, or adoption

e-community

a place where people interact with one another regularly on the internet

Communism

a political and economic system in which property is communally owned

communism

a political and economical system in which property is communally owned.

bureaucracy

a ranked authority structure that operates according to specific rules and procedures

group

a set of people who interact on the basis of shared expectations and who possess some degree of common identity

total institution

a setting in which people are isolated from the rest of society for a set period of time and subject to tight control

primary group

a small group of people who interact over a relatively long period of time on a direct and personal basis

courtship

a social interaction with the express purpose of eventual marriage

Caste system

a social structure in which classes are determined by heredity

status

a socially defined position in a group or in society

ideal type

a subjective element in social theory and research

Economic Institution

a system of roles and norms that governs the production, distribution, and consumption of goods and services

Monarchy

a type of government in which on person rules; ruler inherits power

sociological criminology would be LEAST concerned with which of the following? a) personality characteristics of rapists b) age characteristics of murderers c) gender of victims of aggravated assault d) relationship of victim to offender

a) personality characteristics of rapists

which statement is correct a) the exact nature of the relationship between poverty and violence is not well understood b) it's quite clear that poverty is the major cause of crime and delinquency c) poverty does not appear to be a risk factor in the development of crime d) the current research suggests that there is no relationship between poverty and crime

a) the exact nature of the relationship between poverty and violence is not well understood

7.)___ one of the reasons that people resist cultural change:

a, b & c

Structural Strain Theory responders

a. Conformity: Accept goals b. Innovation: Develop new means c. Ritualism: Abandon goals d. Retreatism: Reject goals e. Rebellion: Substitute new goals

From Gallup poll results, what are the concerns about the U.S. health care system?

a. Healthcare cost b. Equality of healthcare c. Access to healthcare

What are some of the factors that have contributed to the rapid rise in health care cost?

a. Hospital care b. Advances in medical technology c. Prescription drugs

Unique characteristics of organized crime is or are

a. complex organized stucture b. ability to control labor unions c. involvement in legitimate busminesses **d. all of the above

inappropriate over-extensive in criminal law into regulated areas of personal conduct morality is called..

a. decriminalization b. institutionalization ***c. over criminalization d. amaturalization

in white collar crime violence and distruction is identified as

a. indirectly b. economic jobs or pentions may be lost c. physical unsafe products **d. all of the above

organized crime uses violence to intemidate citizens to

a. intimidate others b. defend themselves against law enforcement and others c. maintain control over its members d. to increase security or survival **e. all of the above f. none of the above

what is the most common setting for a robbery

a. on the streets b. banks c. convience stores d. residents **e. a & c

feminist perspective on rape asserts that rapists are

a. pcshologically abnormal b. patriotical norms or ....culture c. working out early memories others d. retaliating for their loss of power and status e. both b & d

which of the following is a victimless crime

a. prohibited sexual acts between consenting adults b. c. ilicid use of marjuanna ***d. all of the above

Which of the following statements about drug use is false?

a. societal reactions to various drugs reflect ****b. compulsive users c. there are diffirent forms of drugs d. in the last 2 centuries opium was a legal drug

what is true of a public order crime?

a. they are only violations of crime at the lower level of govt b. it is an act that will be considered a crime in all states c. sexual in nature ***d. mala prohibited crimes

Differences between social classes in the United States are based on a. income, lifestyles, and beliefs. c. age. b. cultural background. d. race

a?

Services

activities provided by another person.

which reflects an assumption of most adoption studies

adoptive parents and their adopted children are not genetically related

, ____________________ are the three factors that affect media consumption. Age, education, and income Age, gender, and interests Education, marital status, and race Education, gender, income

age gender income

A process whereby the media set the boundaries of public debate by deciding which issues to cover.

agenda setting

11.) In the United States, the primary agents of socialization include:

all of the above

15.) Traditional dating patterns include:

all of the above

21.)Elderly people fear dependency because:

all of the above

22.) Deviance viewed as the natural outgrowth of values, Norms, and structure of society:

all of the above

25.) Conflict theorist believe that:

all of the above

26.) The labeling theory:

all of the above

36.) what challenges do Americans with disabilities face?:

all of the above

culture

all the shared products of human groups

Which of the following would not improve students' safety at school?

allowing students to leave campus for lunch

bilocaliry

allows a newly married couple to choose whether they will live near the husband's or the wife's parents

Cultural Pluralism

allows each group within society to keep it's own unique cultural traits

What is proportional representation?

allows for minority viewpoints to have a voice in government

Which of the following statements about drug use is FALSE?

almost all people who use drugs are compulsive users

The treatment of illness with unconventional methods such as acupuncture.

alternative medicine

Dictatorship

an authoritarian system in which power is in the hands of a single individual

dictatorship

an authoritarian system in which power is in the hands of a single individual

Absolute Monarchy

an authoritarian system in which the hereditary ruler holds absolute power

absolute monarchy

an authoritarian system in which the hereditary ruler holds absolute power

theory

an explanation of the relationships among particular phenomena

criminal behavior is best defined as

an intentional act in violation of a criminal code

Goods

an item that one can use or consume.

interest group

an organization that attempts to influence the political decision making process.

Interest Group

an organization that attempts to influence the political decision-making process

Political Party

an organization that seeks to gain power through illegitimate means

political party

an organization that seeks to gain power through legitimate means

stereotype

an oversimplified, exaggerated, or unfavorable generalization about a group of people

instinct

an unchanging, biologically inherited behavior pattern

prejudice

an unsupported generalization about a category of people

WIllard Waker

analyzed American dating patterns

The situation that arises when the morns of society are unclear or are no longer applicable is referred to as

anomie

Multinational

any corporation that has factories and offices in several countries

multinational

any corporation that has factories and offices in several countries

drug

any substance that changes mood, behavior, or consciousness

symbol

anything that represents something else

So-called victimless crimes

are difficult to control

which crime is the exception to the hierarchy rule

arson

Which type of government would have a leader who would be hard to remove

authoritarian

Junta

authoritarian system in which a small group has seized power from the previous government force

Rational-Legal Authority

authority based on rules and regulations

sociological perspective

aviewing of the behavior of groups in a systematic way

3.) Anthropology is:

The comparative study of past and present cultures

Voluntary Childlessness

The concious choice to remain childless

population transfer

The confinement of Japanese Americans to relocation camps during WWII is an example of ..

population transfer

The confinement of Japanese Americans to relocation camps during World War II is an example of

true

The conflict between ideals and actions has been part of the American experience since the arrival of the white settlers on the North American continent in the 1500s. t/f

Police Discretion

The considerable power that the police have to decide who is actually arrested

Police discretion

The considerable power that the police have to decide who is actually arrested.

Our society's use of due process, involving police, courts, and punishment, to enforce the law. is called

The criminal justice system

Social integration

The degree of attachment people have to social groups or to society as a whole

discrimination

The denial of equal treatment to individuals based on their group membership. Behaviors.

Dependency ratio

The dependency ratio is the number of workers for each person receiving Social Security benefits.

true

The distinction between the sacred and profane is at the heart of all religions. t/f

Class system

The distribution of scarce resources and rewards is determined on the basis of achieved status in which social system

class system

The distribution of scarce resources and rewards is determined on the basis of achieved statuses in which system?

Class System

The distribution of scarce resources and rewards is determined on the basis of achieved statuses.

Social stratification

The division of society into categories, ranks, or classes

social stratification

The division of society into categories, ranks, or classes is called

educational reform

The educational issues facing the U.S. in the early 2000s include

a political force

The elderly in the U.S. have become ...

From the radical left view, the real crime in U.S. society is

The extend of economic inequality

genocide

The extermination of an entire targeted population is called ______.

True

The fair-weather liberal is a person who is not prejudiced but discriminates anyways b/c of societal pressure. (T/F)

Nuclear family

The family form of most recognizable to Americans

False

The family is the least important agent in socialization in almost every society

true

Opponents of bilingual education believe that this system interferes with the assimilation of students. t/f

true

The family is the most powerful agent of gender socialization. t/f

False

The fastest growing crime in America is white collar crime

Which of the following terms best describes profane?

Ordinary

During the Prohibition era, when the government outlawed the manufacture and sale of alcoholic beverages, which type of crime led to criminals gaining both wealth and power by making and distributing liquor to an eager public?

Organized crime

False

Our personalities are not influenced by whether or not we have brothers and sisters both or neither

Individuals that are primarily high-income business people and professionals are a. lower middle class. c. working class. b. upper middle class. d. working poor.

b

The division of society into categories, ranks, or classes is called a. caste system. c. social stratification. b. rank d. division.

b

The method of ranking social status that asks people to rank themselves is called the _____. a. Reputational method b. Subjective method c. Objective method d. Middle method

b

Today in the United States it is not at all uncommon for a woman to have her first child at what age? a. 20 c. 42 b. 30 d. 18

b

What is the gap between those with access to new technologies and those without called? a. the great divide c. the knowledge-gap hypothesis b. the digital divide d. the spiral of silence

b

Where does the shortage for physicians lie? a. specialists c. government b. general practitioners d. none of the above

b

according to the UCR, all of the following are considered violent crimes except a) forcible rape b) arson c) non negligent manslaughter d) robbery

b) arson

Socioeconomic status (SES) is a combination of a. all social factors. b. educational level and occupational prestige. c. place of residence and age. d. none of the above.

b?

The method of ranking social status that asks people to rank themselves is called the _____. a. Reputational method b. Subjective method c. Objective method d. Middle method

b?

What is the Matthew effect? a. A tendency for honors and recognition to go to those scientists who have already achieved recognition c. The refusal to share unpublished findings with colleagues. b. A tendency for honors and recognition to go to those scientists who have not achieved any previous recognition d. The influence of special interests when researching.

b?

charismatic authority

based on the personal characteristics of the individual exercising the power.

deviance

behavior that violates significant social norms

Racism

beliefs that one's own ethnic group is naturally superior to others

Kinship traced through both parents.

bilateral descent

Allows a newly married couple to choose whether they will live near the husbands or the wifes parents.

biolocality

early onset persistent antisocial behavior seems influenced by ____ factors, while late onset offending is influenced by _____ factors

biological; social

more likely

black on black- intraracial

12.) Some factors associated with regular use of drugs by teenagers are:

both a and b

24.) Conflict theorist believe that:

both a and b

Owners of the means of production in a capitalist society.

bourgeoisie

bourgeoisie

Owners of the means of production in a capitalist society.

The set of shared concepts, methods, and assumptions that make up scientific reality at any point in time.

Paradigm

school choice

Parents may receive a voucher equal to the amount their state spends on education for their child under the concept of

Cultural molding

Pass on norms and values true person so they internalize them and can participate in society

The vast majority of societies around the world focus on which authority pattern

Patriarchy

true

Patrilocal, matrilocal, and bilocal rules of residence encourage the development of extended family living. t/f

If a newly married couple is expected to live with or near the husband's parents they are most likely part of a

Patrilocality

False

Pavlov's dog helped proof that instinct is unchanging

Stats reveal all the following EXCEPT:

People older than 35 account for nearly three quarters of all arrests

ethnic group

People who share a common sense of identity.

19.) Research indicates all of the following EXCEPT:

People who were happy or fulfilled in their work rarely find retirement satisfying.

Material culture

Physical objects that people create and use form this for a culture

e-commerce

buisness conducted over the internet

E-Commerce

business conducted over the internet, based on information

corporation

business organization that is owned by stockholders

scapegoating

Placing the blame for one's troubles on an innocent individual or group.

Sanctions serve the following functions for corrections EXCEPT:

Plea Bargaining

segregation

Policies that physically separate a minority group from the dominant group.

such a household is expensive to support

Polygamy is relatively rare even in the societies where it is an acceptable marital system. This is because

Greek mythology, in which Zeus is the king of the gods, is a(n)

Polytheistic religion

9.)All of the following are examples of preindustrial societies except:

Postindustrial

Define poverty and name some of the characteristics that affect poverty.

Poverty is seen as a standard of living that is below the minimum level considered adequate by society. Some characteristics that affect poverty are age, sex, race, and ethnicity.

true

Power is the ability to control the behavior of other with or without their consent. t/f

Power

Power is the ability to control the behavior of others, with or without their consent.

Wright Mills stated that political power is exercised by and for a society's privileged few. This political model is known as the

Power-elite model

scapegoating

Practice of placing the blame for one's troubles on an innocent individual or group.

How would you classify a hunting and gathering society?

Preindustrial

Patrilineal descent is common in

Preindustrial socities

34.) An active bigot is:

Prejudiced and openly discriminatory

Which of the following is an example of a denomination?

Presbyterian Church

Americans are most likely to vote in an election for a

President

In the United States, which official is not elected on the basis of a simple plurality?

President

Prestige

Prestige is respect, honor, recognition, or courtesy an individual receives from other members of society.

3 broad categories in which relatives fit into

Primary Secondary Tertiary

Nonconformity that goes undetected by those in authority.

Primary deviance

Primary deviance

Primary deviance is nonconformity undetected by authority in which the individuals who commit deviant acts do not consider themselves to be deviant, and neither does society.

Prison overpopulation, recidivism, possible color blind justice

Problem in American criminal justice system

This ensures that minority parties receive a voice in the government.

Proportional representation

For which of the following offenses do police arrest mostly women?

Prostitution

True

Providing law enforcement jobs is a positive social function of deviance

The swimming statistics shown above most closely relate to which characteristic of sport as a social institution?

Quantification

Suppose that a member of Congress wants to limit the number of Japanese cars imported to the United States. Which of the following means might he or she support?

Quotas

Ethnicity is used to distinguish between groups based on cultural elements, but according to the information presented in the lecture ________ would encompass the details about a person like the shape of his or her features.

Race

de facto segregation

Racial segregation, especially in public schools, that happens "by fact" rather than by legal requirement

false

Racial stratification is almost extinct, thanks to reform attempts. t/f

Racism

Racism is the belief that one's own race or ethnic group is naturally superior to other races or ethnic groups.

racism

Racism is the belief that one's own race or ethnic group is naturally superior to other races or ethnic groups.

The bureaucratization of sports is closely tied to its

Rationalization

Life expectancy refers to the average number of years a person can expect to live. Give the reasons for shorter life expectancy of the poor.

Reasons for shorter life expectancy of the poor is based on inadequate nutrition and less access to medical treatment.

New money

Recently acquired wealth through own efforts

Define recidivism and explain its role in the criminal-justice system

Recidivism is the term used for repeat criminal behavior. Through the use of statistics gathered, the criminal justice system can use the recidivism rate as an indication of the effectiveness of the criminal justice system, that is, how many individuals are returning to the criminal justice system with new offenses after being released from the system.

Life Expectancy

Refers to the average number of years a person born in a particular year can be expected to live.

Vertical Mobility

Refers to the movement between social classes or strata

Mathew Effect

Refers to the tendency for honors and recognition to go to those scientists who have already achieved recognition. On the other hand, they tend to be withheld from scientists who have not yet made their mark.

Which of the following would a "selective separatist" most likely do?

Refrain from watching television

true

Religion serves as a powerful agent of social control, encouraging conformity to the norms of society. t/f

Attendance at worship services does not truly reflect religious involvement, and it is difficult to accurately measure people's

Religiosity

What four factors contributed to the rebirth of science in Europe?

Renaissance, Printing press, age of exploration, protestant reformation.

Recidivism

Repeated criminal behavior

By which method are individuals in a community asked to rank other community members based on what they know of their characteristics and lifestyles?

Reputational method

Matrilocality

Residential pattern in which a couple is expected to live near the wifes parents

Bilocality

Residential pattern in which a newly married couple is allowed to choose whos parents they live near

Patrilocality

Residential pattern in which a newly married couple is expected to live with or near the husband's parents

Neolocality

Residential pattern in which a newly married couple lives away from both sets of parents

Prestige

Respect honor and recognition received from society

Corrections are the sanctions used to punish criminals. Name the four sanctions and describe what they are.

Retribution: punishment serves as an act of revenge for the victim and society. Deterrence: corrections intended to discourage the individual and society from committing future crimes. Rehabilitation: places to reform criminals so they can return to society as law-abiding citizens. Social Protection: this limits the freedom of the offenders, thereby protecting society from the offender committing further acts.

Which of the following is a crime against persons?

Robbery

Which serious crime is both a property crime and a violent crime?

Robbery

23.) The concepts of culturally approved goals and the legitimate means of achieving these goals was devised by:

Robert K. Merton

The concept of culturally approved goals and the legitimate means of achieving these goals was devised by

Robert K. Merton

True

Role conflict occurs when for filling the role expectations of one status makes it difficult to for fill the role expectations of another status

A rating that combines social factors such as educational level, occupational prestige, and place of residence with the economic factor of income.

SES

How is socioeconomic status used to determine an individual's rank in society?

SES determines rank in society based on the individuals wealth, power, and prestige. These factors are the result of an individual's education, occupation, and income.

Retribution, deterrence, rehabilitation, protect society

Sanction serve the following functions

True

Scapegoating- place the blame for one's troubles on an innocent individual or group- is a sociological explanation of discrimination and prejudice. (T/F)

Caste System

Scarce resources and rewards are distributed on the basis of ascribed statuses

caste system

Scarce resources and social rewards are distributed on the basis of ascribed statuses in

Scarcity

Scarcity is the basic economic problem that humans have unlimited wants in a world of limited resources.

false

Schools do not teach socially acceptable forms of behavior. t/f

The pursuit of knowledge through systematic methods.

Science

____ is the pursuit of knowledge through systematic methods.

Science

An objective and systematic way of collecting information and arriving at conclusions.

Scientific Method

Secondary Relatives

Second Closest. Grandparents, grandchildren, in-laws, aunts, uncles

Secondary deviance

Secondary deviance is the nonconformity that results in the individuals who commit acts of primary deviance being labeled as deviant and accepting that label as true.

Using raw materials to manufacture goods.

Secondary sector

44.) A relatively small religious organization that typically has split off from a denomination is referred to as:

Sect

Conflict Theory

See competition over scarse resources as the cause of social inequality. Work based on the Marxist theory.

physical separation by policies

Segregation

de jure segregation

Segregation based on laws is called _____

Segregation

Segregation refers to the physical separation of a minority group from the dominant group.

segregation

Segregation refers to the physical separation of a minority group from the dominant group.

A ___________ is a prediction that results in behavior that makes the prediction come true.

Self-fulfilling prophecy

Marriage

Set of norms that specify the ways in which family structure should be organized

Paradigm

Set of shared concepts, methods, and assumptions that make up the scientific reality at any point in time.

a small company

Silicon Valley is

True

Since 1993 violent crime rates are going down

false

Single parenthood has no effect on either parents or children. t/f

Patriarchy

Situation in which the father holds most of the authority

patriarchy

Situation in which the father holds most of the authority.

democratic socialism

Situation in which the government owns some of the factors of production.

Egalitarian

Situation in which the mother and father share authority

__________ is the ownership of one person by force.

Slavery

Slavery

Slavery is ownership of one group of people by another group.

slavery

Slavery is ownership of one group of people by another group.

Management of a corporation by its stockholders is typically practiced by

Small corporations

Which of the following groups does NOT work to bring national attention to the elderly?

Social Security Administration

true

Social classes in the United States are usually divided into three classes—upper class, middle class, and lower class. t/f

Cluster effect

Social factor that triggers "copycat" suicides

Marxist theory sees crimes as a product of

Social inequality

Social inequality

Social inequality is an unequal sharing of social rewards and resources.

false

Social mobility is not an important feature of an open class system. t/f

Criminologists

Social scientist who study criminal behaviour

The division of society into categories, ranks, or classes is called

Social stratification

Class system

Social stratification based on both birth and individual achievement

Social stratification

Social stratification is the ranking of individuals or categories of people on the basis of unequal access to scarce resources and social rewards.

true

Socialism is a system in which the government regulates the factors of production. t/f

Give a brief description of strain theory.

Society places a high value on certain goals. However, not everyone can achieve these goals. Nonetheless, society expects them to meet these goals and society judges them according to how well they do. When they fail, individuals fall victim to anomie. They are left without sufficient guidelines for behavior, thus confusing both the individuals and society.

true

Society's future largely depends on the successful socialization of new members. t/f

all social factors

Socioeconomic status (SES) is a combination of

attended college

Sociologist Samuel Bowles found that among the highest-achieving high school students, most of those from wealthy families

Demographics estimate that more than 15% of today's young adults will never marry

Sociologist note that most young people today are delaying marriage in order to finish their education and to launch their career. Also note that the increase in the number of unmarried couple may possibly be the result of more couples living together outside of marriage.in 2000 there was more than 3.8 million cohabiting couples. 25% of women amon 25 and 39 are cohabiting. Cohabiting now proceed more than half of all first marriages

Conflict perspective

Sociologist to view society as having constant conflict in competition

In 1890 the median age at first marriage in the United States was 22 years for women and 26 years for men by 1960 had dropped to 20 women and 22 for men however in 2000 for women 25 for men 26

Sociologist view this tendency toward later marriage as an indication that being single has once again become an acceptable alternative to being married

Jane Addams

Sociologist who set up a full house in Chicago to help the poor

True

Sociologists are concerned with the reactions of people to certain physical characteristics and how these reactions affect individuals in society. (T/F)

true

Sociologists are concerned with the reactions of people to certain physical characteristics and how these reactions affect individuals in society. t/f

Objective Method

Sociologists define social class in terms of factors such as income occupation and education.

true

Sociologists define the term race as a category of people who share inherited physical characteristics. t/f

True

Sociologists found that the effects of institutionalization on infants will result in slower development of their mental physical and emotional skills

Studies suggest that children of divorced parents have more emotional problems and are lower achievers and children of parents who have not divorced. some 40% of the children are still struggling to adjust ten years after their parents divorced

Sociologists suggest several reasons for the high divorce rate

the set of norms that establishes and characterizes the relationship between married individuals

Sociologists use the term marriage to refer to ..

Changes from the Industrial Revolution, growth of factories, growth of cities, new people groups, growth of new problems, question about the explanation of life

Sociology as an academic discipline developed as a result of this

43% of the marriage is occurring today have previously been married. Majority of the people who get divorced- about 75% -eventually remarry

Some 65% of families created by remarriage involve children from prior marriages. About 30% of children under the age of 18 now live in stepfamilies. More than 50% of Americans have been are now or will be members of step families. Studies have shown that it takes about four years for children to accept a stepparent. About 60% of all remarriages eventually end in divorce

false

Some educators believe the worst approach to curbing violence in schools is to teach young people how to resolve their disputes peacefully. t/f

are dissatisfied with the quality of education offered by the public schools, have certain ideological or religious reasons, feel that public-school education does not meet the needs or interests of their children

Some parents choose to home school because they

dissatisfied, reasons, does not meet needs

Some parents choose to home school because they

true

Some parents home-school their children for ideological or religious reasons. t/f

capitalism

Some people believe that the collapse of communism leaves which of the following as the only visible economic system?

Immigrants in the 1900s were mainly from

Southern and Eastern Europe

Immigrants in the 1900s were mainly from

Southern and Eastern Europe.

A dynamic whereby people who disagree with opinions in the mass media are less likely to voice their views.

Spiral on Silence

What is one way to limit power in a democracy?

Spread power over many different groups

What does the No Child Left Behind act require?

Standards-based tests in reading, math, and science

Accommodation

State of balance between cooperation and conflict

A repeat of this study from 10 years later found that family violence had decreased somewhat

Statistics collected by the US Department of Justice suggest that female victims of abuse and murder have dropped while the number of male victims have stayed the same. Surveys by child advocacy groups suggest that child abuse is also increasing

strong

Statistics show a _____ relationship between education and income

Intergenerational Mobility

Status differences between generations in the same family- considered a special type of vertical mobility

Social institution is a system of _____, _____,_____, and _____

Statuses Roles Values Norms basic needs

Strain theory (Merton)

Strain theory is a theory of deviant behavior that views deviance as the natural outgrowth of the values, norms, and structure of society.

46.) Statictis show a(n) ___ relationship between education and income:

Strong

Emile Durkheim reasoned that crime is quite normal and performs important functions for the operation of society. This assessment fits which theoretical approach?

Structural-functional approach

Which of the following statements shows support for the bilingual education system?

Students gain knowledge of other subjects in their native language until they gain fluency in English

Increase in the number of married couples who never have children.in 2000 22% of married women between the ages of 30 and 44 had no children among childless married women in the early thirties a little more than 40% had no plans to have children in the future

Studies have found that married couples who choose to remain childless often have high levels of education and income

have a better self-image

Studies show that daughters of working women may

Women's participation in the labor force is influenced by the ages of their children. In 1998 about 62% of married women with children under the age of 6 what employed outside the home compared to 77% with children between the ages of 6 and 17 The Family and Medical Leave Act requires companies with more than 50 workers to give up to 12 weeks of unpaid leave to parents of newborns the law also covers what are those who need to take time to arrange for the adoption of a child or to take care for a sick spouse child or parent

Studies suggest that the daughters of working women may benefit they often have a better self image are more independent and are higher achievers then daughters of non working

A doctor whose father works as a janitor would be an example of _____. a. Horizontal mobility b. Vertical mobility c. Intergenerational mobility d. Parallel mobility

c

In 1960 there were a dozen U.S. states that made interracial marriages a. legal. c. illegal. b. common. d. none of the above

c

Respected individuals in the community who review and evaluate media messages and then pass the information to friends and acquaintances are called a. sociologists. c. opinion leaders. b. lobbyists. d. gatekeepers.

c

The most common marital system in the majority of preindustrial societies around the world is a. neolocality. c. polygamy. b. matrilocality. d. monogamy.

c

The unequal sharing of scarce resources and social rewards is called a. the caste system. c. social stratification. b. social inequality. d. societal rank.

c

What do most sociologist argue is the most-devastating family disruption? a. interracial marriage c. family violence b. changing religious faiths d. divorce

c

Which of the following is NOT a function of the family? a. regulation of sexual activity c. to create residential patterns b. socialization d. economic security

c

all of the following are considered executive functions except a) logic b) reasoning c) fidgeting d) problem solving

c) fidgeting

all of the following statements are true of the amygdala except a) it is small and almond shaped b) it is located in the limbic system c) it is especially hardy and unaffected by developmental experiences d) it is associated with impulsive aggression

c) it is especially hardy and unaffected by developmental experiences

Socioeconomic status (SES) is a rating that combines the following social factors EXCEPT a. educational level. c. race and ethnicity. b. occupational prestige. d. place of residence

c. race and ethnicity.

A paradigm, as described by Thomas S. Kuhn, a. measures technological change over time. b. is the same as "normal science." c. determines the topics of scientific inquiry and shapes the interpretations of data. d. argues that scientific theories are not blindly accepted

c?

The division of society into categories, ranks, or classes is called a. caste system. c. social stratification. b. rank d. division.

c?

What is the sociology of science? a. The scientific revolution. c. The sociological investigation of how scientific knowledge develops. b. The sociological investigation of how the scientific method was developed. d. The study of biotechnological developments

c?

which personality feature, commonly associated with antisocial behavior, shows high hereditability and little environmental influence?

callous-unemotional traits

What is another word for free-enterprise systems

capitalism

In a ____, a person is assigned a status at birth and remains at that level throughout life.

caste system

System in which scarce resources and social rewards are distributed on the basis of ascribed statuses.

caste system

System in which scarce resources and social rewards are distributed on the basis of ascribed statuses.

catse system

cultural universals

certain features that are developed to ensure the fullfilment of some needs of society and are common to all cultures

What stage in life does political socialization begin?

childhood

The distribution of scarce resources and rewards is determined on the basis of achieved statuses in which system?

class system

The distribution of scarce resources and rewards that is determined on the basis of achieved status.

class system

when a person is arrested for a crime, charged with the offense and remanded to the court for prosecution, the offense is considered to be

cleared by arrest

rational-legal authority

clearly outline the rights and obligations of those in power

the ability to understand another's emotions is called

cognitive empathy

psychological criminology recently shifted its focus to a more ___ and ____ approach to the study of criminal behavior

cognitive; developmental

white ethnics

collective reference to immigrants from the predominantly Catholic countries of Ireland, Italy, France, Poland, and Greece

Baby-Boom Generation

collective term for the approximately 76 million children born in the US from 1946 through 1964

Democratic Socialism

combination of a democratic government and a socialist economy

democratic socialism

combination of democratic government and socialists economy.

free-enterprise systems

commitment to limited government control of the business operations

Scientific norms include universalism, organized skepticism,______, and disinterestedness.

communalism

The belief that all scientific knowledge should be made available to everyone in the scientific community.

communalism

totalitarianism

complete authority over the lives of individual citizens.

Gender

comprises the behavioral and psychological traits considered appropriate for men and women

secondary sector

concentrates on the use of raw materials to manufacture goods.

ADHD frequently co-occurs with which diagnostic category

conduct disorder

a repetitive and persistent behavior that violates others' rights is the hallmark of

conduct disorder

which diagnostic term represents a cluster of behaviors in children characterized by repetitive and persistent misbehavior

conduct disorder

Karl Marx

conflict, had very radical ideas

Strain Theory

conformity- accept goals and norms innovation- accepts goals and rejects norms ritualism- rejects goals and accepts norms retreatism- rejects goals and norms rebellion- reject and replace goals and norms

Law of Demand

consumes will demand more of a product as the price of the product decreases

dysfunctional

containing a negative consequence for the stability of the social system

In a purely capitalist system, the economy is regulated by self-interest and

corporations??

sandwich generation

couples caught between the needs of their children and those of their parents

which statement reflects the basic premise of strain theory

crime occurs when there is a discrepancy between the materialistic values and goals

A large scale organization of professional criminals that controls some vice or business through violence or the threat of violence.

crime syndicate

18.) Unemployment rate varies according to such factors as:

cultural background, age, gender, and race.

________ allows each group within society to keep its unique cultural identity.

cultural pluralism

50.) Oswald Spenglers and pitirim sorokins theories of social change can be described as:

cyclical

Factors that have contributed to heterogamy include a. higher college enrollments. b. geographical mobility. c. participation of women in the work force. d. all of the above

d

Families that experience unemployment and poverty over several generations are considered a. working class. c. lower middle class. b. working poor. d. underclass.

d

From Gallup poll results, what are the concerns about the U.S. health care system? a. health care cost c. access to health care b. equality of the health care d. all of the above

d

In recent decades, the traditional family has been replaced by a. dual-earner families. c. childless families. b. one-parent families d. all of the above

d

Social class is a group of people with similar levels of a. wealth c. prestige b. power d. all of the above

d

Techniques used to rank individuals according to social class are a. reputational. c. objective. b. subjective. d. all of the above

d

The United States spends a higher percentage of its GDP on health care than ____. a. Japan c. France b. Germany d. any other country in the world

d

The residential pattern found most commonly in industrial societies is a. patrilocality. c. matrilocality. b. bilocality. d. neolocality

d

Those with the highest risk for becoming infected with HIV are a. homosexual and bisexual men. c. the sexual partners of high risk people. b. intravenous drug abusers. d. all of the above

d

What are some of the factors that have contributed to the rapid rise in health care cost? a. hospital care c. prescription drugs b. advances in medical technology d. all of the above

d

What is the process by which the media set the boundaries of public debate by deciding which issues will receive coverage and which ones will not? a. spiral of silence c. opinion leaders b. social capital d. agenda setting

d

Where would you be more likely to find proper health care? a. farm c. rural area b. inner-city d. wealthy urban area

d

all of the following information is found in the Uniform Crime Reports except a) crime rates b) homicide rates c) clearance rates d) conviction rates

d) conviction rates

which statement most accurately summarizes findings on twin and adoption studies a) one's environment significantly impacts the frequency and severity of criminal behavior b) genetic factors have little impact on antisocial behavior c) the environment in which a child is raised has little impact on the likelihood of antisocial behavior d) genes may influence one's susceptibility or resistance to environmental risk factors

d) genes may influence one's susceptibility or resistance to environmental risk factors

all of the following are consistent with the developmental approach to the study of crime except a) examining factors that place a child at risk of engaging in serious delinquency b) identifying the age of onset of antisocial behavior c) searching for protective factors in a child's life d) obtaining a child's IQ score as he or she enters adolescence

d) obtaining a child's IQ score as he or she enters adolescence

which statement is true about self-report studies of criminal behavior a) been found to be more accurate with female subjects b) based on data provided by law enforcement c) attempt to measure only prior involvement in felonies d) suggest that crime is committed by all socioeconomic classes

d) suggest crime is committed by all socioeconomic classes

Identify the letter of the best choice. Next, expand on the subject by answering the second part.

d. all of the above important components include sending the criminal to prison, having them on parole or probation, and if possible community service

An open class system is based on social mobility that includes a. horizontal mobility. c. intergenerational mobility. b. vertical mobility. d. all of the above

d?

The United States has an open class system based on social mobility that includes a. horizontal mobility. c. intergenerational mobility. b. vertical mobility. d. all of the above

d?

The distribution of scarce resources and rewards is determined on the basis of achieved statuses in which system? a. an open system c. a closed system b. a caste system d. a class system

d?

Which of the following is a scientific counter-norm? a. organized skepticism c. universalism b. communalism d. organized dogmatism

d?

overall number of criminal offenses that go undetected or are unknown by law enforcement are known as the

dark figure

Segregation based on informal norms is ______.

de facto segregation

Segregation based on laws is called __

de jure segregation

Segregation based on laws is called _____.

de jure segregation

Primary Sector

deals with the extraction of raw materials from the environment

historically, most self-report investigations focused on

delinquency

Aid specifically designed to foster a democratic opening in a nondemocratic country is known as

democracy aid

Discrimination

denial of equal treatments of individuals based on their group membership

A paradigm, as described by Thomas S. Kuhn,

determines the topics of scientific inquiry and shapes the interpretations of data.

building railroads. work in good mines.

The first wave of Asian immigrants was in the West Coast in the 1850 brought here for..

cheap labor on railroads

The first wave of Asian immigrants was on the West Coast in 1850 was brought here for

African American woman old

The following groups are more likely to participate regularly in religious services:

African Americans, women and older citizens

The following groups at more likely to participate regularly in religious services

The number of high school graduates will rise to 80 percent or more

The following is not a goal included in the Goals 2000: Educate America Act:

education

The following serves to screen and select the members of society for the work they will do as adults

Differential Association

The frequency and closeness of associations a person has with deviant and no deviant individuals

Internet

The global network that links millions of computers is the

global economy

The global network that links millions of computers is the ...

genocide

The goal of extermination of a targeted population.

The phenomenon where one in every five Americans will be elderly is also called __________.

The graying of America

The graying of America

The graying of America is the phenomenon of the growing percentage of elderly Americans as part of the total U.S. population.

positivist theory is to ______ as classical theory is to ___________

determinism; free will

Cultural Transmission Theory

deviance is a learned behavior- through interaction with others who are engaging in deviant behavior

Emile Durkheim

did the first suicide study

The gap between those with access to new technologies and those without.

digital divide

Labeling theory

The label theory is a theory that focuses on how individuals come to be labeled as deviant.

Roman Catholic Church

The largest religious membership in the U.S. belongs to the

Denial of equal treatment to individuals based on their group membership

discrimination

Describe life expectancy for the poor Americans compared to the wealthy Americans. Why?

The life expectancy is lower due to the fact that they don't have the same access as wealthy Americans to healthcare .

subjugation

The maintaining of control over a group through force.

Monogamy

The marriage of one man to one woman

Polygamy

The marriage of one person to one or more people at a time--is more common

Poverty Level

The minimum income

polygamy

The most common martial system in the majority of preindustrial societies around the world is ..

True

The most common patterns of minority treatment include assimilation, segregation, subjugation, and legal protection. (T/F)

List the most important components of the criminal-justice system.

The most important components of the criminal-justice system are police, courts, and corrections.

cohesion, control, and support

The most important functions of religion include

social cohesion, emotional support, social control

The most important functions of religion include

Social mobility

The movement between or within social classes or strata

False

The movement of an individual with in a social class is known as vertical mobility

Horizontal Mobility

The movement within a social class or strata.

Incest taboo

The norms of forbidding sexual relations or marriage between certain relatives

Family of orientation

The nuclear family into which a person is born or adopted

Family of Orientation

The nuclear family into which the person is born or adopted. Individual, parents, siblings.

Bourgeoisie

The owners of the means of production are

false

The owners of the means of production in a capitalist society are known as the proletariat. t/f

slavery

The ownership of one person by another.

Prejudice and____ are separate but related features of the minority experience

discrimination

active bigot

discriminatory and open about it

Explain how the poverty level is determined.

The poverty level is defined by the U.S. Bureau of the Census and it is determined by calculating the cost of providing an adequate diet. This number is then multiplied by three, because research has indicated that poor people spend a third of their income on food.

Racial Profiling

The practice that assumes that nonwhite Americans are more likely to commit crimes than white Americans

Scientists should seek truth, not personal gain.

disinterestedness

Racial profiling

The practice that assumes that nonwhite Americans are more likely to commit crimes than white Americans.

true

The primary political authority in society is the state. t/f

Tertiary

The primary relatives of an individual's secondary relatives. Include great grandparents, great grandchildren, great aunts, great uncle, and cousins

6.)Internalization is:

The process by which a norm becomes a part of an individual's personality, thus conditioning that individual to conform to society's expectations

Socialization

The process by which people learn customs and values of their culture.

Degradation ceremony

The process of labeling an individual as deviant which is usually performed in some type of a public setting in which the individual is found guilty, denounced, and given the new identity of deviant.

Degradation Ceremony

The process of labelling an individual as deviant which is usually performed in some type of a public setting in which the individual is found guilty, denounced, and given the new identity of deviant

Resocialization

The process of learning new norms, values, attitudes, and behaviors

Plea Bargaining

The process of legal negotiation that allows an individual to plead guilty to a lesser charge in return for a lighter sentence

Plea bargaining

The process of legal negotiation that allows an individual to plead guilty to a lesser charge in return for a lighter sentence.

Economic Activity

The production of goods and series

Social Stratification

The ranking of individuals or categories of people on the basis of unequal access to scarce resources and social rewards.

ADAM, Monitoring the Future, and NSDUH are all examples of surveys that collect data on

drug use

One out of every two marriages eventually ends in divorce. There are more than 19.8 million Americans over the age of 19 who are divorced and the US divorce rate is the highest in the world at 4.2

The rate of divorce varies among different segments of the population and also varies by race and ethnicity and eduaction

Deviance

The recognized violation of cultural norms

What is a great way for a company to automate its purchases?

e-commerce

false

The reputational method is always the best method for determining social class. t/f

neolocality

The residential pattern found most commonly in industrial societies is

neolocality

The residential pattern found most commonly in industrial societies is ...

Prestige

The respect, honor, recognition or courtesy an individual recieves from other members of society.

that distinct groups blend into a single group with common cultures and identities

The result of cultures assimilation is ..

false

The secondary sector deals with getting goods and services to the consumer. t/f

ethnicity

The set of cultural characteristics that distinguish one group from another.

Marriage

The set of norms that establishes and characterizes the relationship between married individuals

Sociologist use the term marriage to refer to

The set of norms that establishes and characterizes the relationship between married individuals

Neolocality

The setting up of a residential pattern apart from both sets of parents

Anomie

The situation that arises when the norms of society are unclear or are no longer applicable

Economics

The social science that deals with the production, distribution, and consumption of goods and services

Psychology

The social science that differs from sociology by focusing on individual behavior rather than on group behavior

Which represents the best method by which a company could automate its purchases

e-commerce

primary sector

economic sector that deals with the extraction of raw materials from the environment

Socioeconomic status

The socioeconomic status is a rating that combines social factors such as level of education, occupational prestige, and place of residence with the economic factor of income in order to determine an individual's relative position in the stratification system.

Cultural diffusion

The spread of ideas, customs, and technologies from one people to another

Explain how someone in the US. can live more comfortably than someone in a different nation yet still have a hard time affording basic needs.

The standard of living in the U.S. is higher than other countries.

Medicaid

The state and federally funded health insurance program for low-income individuals

false

The subjective method is used to define social class by income, occupation, and education. t/f

capitalism

economic system in which individuals own the factors of production

true

The term economic institution refers to the system that governs the production, distribution, and consumption of goods. t/f

communism

economic system in which property is communally owned

Race

The term race refers to a category of people who share inherited physical characteristics and who are perceived by others as being a distinct group.

race

The term race refers to a category of people who share inherited physical characteristics and who are perceived by others as being a distinct group.

false

The tertiary sector emphasis shifts to getting raw materials to the manufacturer. t/f

Wealth

The total value of money and other assets

Gross Domestic Product

The total value of the goods and services that a country produces

social inequality

The unequal sharing of scarce resources and social rewards is called

HIV

The virus that causes AIDS and is transmitted through sexual contact, contaminated blood and tissue, and contaminated hypodermic needles.

75 cents to the dollar

The wage gap-the level of women's income relative to that of men-is currently

Situation in which the mother and father share authority.

egalitarian

75 cents to the dollar

The wage gap—the level of women's income relative to that of men—is currently

false

The women's movement in the United States began almost 250 years ago in the 1700s. t/f

Psychological and physical development and a caring environment

Their children. Strongly to the conclusion that our social behavior comes from what

true

There are close to 200 possible categories of relatives in a kinship system. t/f

false

There are five basic types of stratification. t/f

The practice of polygyny in pre industrial societies generally occurs when

There are large areas of land available for cultivation

true

There are no biologically pure races. t/f

two strong indicators of temperament

emotionality and activity

compared to the cumulative risk model, the developmental cascade model

emphasizes the interaction among risk factors

Proportional Representation

ensures that minority parties (minority views) receive a voice in the government

proportional representation

ensures that minority parties receive a voice in the government

Social control

This comes on norms are being conformed to buy almost all people in society

Mixed Economy

This economic system has elements of both a free market and command economy

Emile Durkheim

This person conducted research on suicide many years ago that are still hopeful to us as we study at today

Homogamy

This tendency to choose and marry mates who resemble us in all of these ways is called Homogamy.

Working

Those who have jobs that require manual labor are usually in the ____________________ class

The digital divide describes the gap between

Those with access to technology.

homosexual and bisexual men, the sexual partners of high risk people, intravenous drug abusers

Those with the highest risk for becoming infected with HIV are

How do children learn gender role behaviors?

Through socialization

Early ages because it is the most influential years

Time and socialization is the most significant

Which of the following is NOT a function of the family

To create residential patterns Regulation of sexual activity Socialization Economic security

As the basic and most intimate primary group in society the family is expected

To guide the individual's psychological development and to provide him or her with a loving and caring environment

According to the functionalist perspective, what is the ultimate goal of education?

To maintain and perpetuate the stability of society

Patrilineal Descent

To track kinship through the father's family

patrilineal descent

To track kinship through the father?s family.

Martilineal Descent

To track kinship through the mother's family

30

Today in the U.S. it is not all uncommon for a woman to have her first child at what age?

doctor, university professors, computer scientists

Today in the U.S. women are pursuing nontraditional careers as ...

30

Today in the United States it is not at all uncommon for a woman to have her first child at what age?

doctors. university professors. computer scientists

Today in the United States women are pursuing nontraditional careers as

Means of production

Tools, buildings and materials needed to produce goods and services.

What is the most extreme form of authoritarianism?

Totalitarianism

45.) The assignment of students to different types of educational programs is considered:

Tracking

26 dates allow marriages between first cousins

True

51.) Folkways are norms that describe socially acceptable behavior but do not have great moral significance attached to them:

True

58.) The social problems of teenage drug and alcohol abuse are contributing factors to the rate of suicide among young people in the United States:

True

59.) Gerontology is the scientific study of the processes and phenomena of aging:

True

60.) Dependably is the shift from being an independent adult to being dependent on others for physical and/or financial assistance:

True

62.) Plea bargaining allows courts to reduce their already huge caseloads:

True

63.) Police discretion is used when deciding who will be arrested:

True

65.) The apartheid system in South Africa was an example of legal discrimination:

True

67.) The Civil Rights Act of 1964 outlawed legal discrimination in the United States:

True

68.) Sociologists interpret cross-cultural variations as evidence that gender roles are socially created:

True

69.) There are several groups that work to bring the special needs of the elderly to national attention:

True

72.) Since the 1970s the percentage of married women with children and careers has grown:

True

73.) Power is the ability to control the behavior of other with or without their consent:

True

76.) Educational reform, educational alternatives, violence in schools, and English as a second language are educational issues facing the United States during the early 2000s:

True

79.) An expensive crowd is one that forms around emotionally charged activities:

True

A conflict sociologist might see giving gold stars to students as a form of controlling behavior for a hidden agenda.

True

A domestic manufacturer is more likely to support trade barriers than its foreign competition.

True

A majority of Americans hold religion in high regard.

True

A new development in the political arena is that more women are holding statewide positions, which has increased from four percent in years past to twenty-nine percent.

True

According to the article, "President Bush Proposes Health Savings Accounts," about 46 million of the U.S. population are uninsured.

True

An increase in childlessness is a recent trend in American family

True

An increase of childlessness is a recent trend in American family life

True

Family violence is the most devastating family disruption

True

Few families can survive on a single salary.

True

Football is an example of direct competition.

True

Homogamy is based on characteristics such as age religion and race

True

Homogamy is based on characteristics such as age, socioeconomic status, religion, and race.

True

In 1972 the Equal Rights Amendment was formed and was ratified by 38 states.

True

In Russia many physicians and sanitation workers are women while in the us it is the men

True

In Syria there are three possible patterns of authority in families

True

In a government based on authoritarianism, power rests firmly with the state.

True

What would be a socialist viewpoint?

equal access to goods and services cannot be guaranteed if the means of production are owned by individuals

People who have a common cultural background and a common sense of identity.

ethnic group

In industrialized societies many of the traditional functions of the family have been taken over by other social institutions. For example the educational system plays a major role in socializing young people similarly the government for Phils many of the economic functions that would be the task of families in traditional societies

True

In just two decades, AIDS has become one of the most serious public health problems in the United States and worldwide.

True

In most societies labour is divided on the basis of gender. Most socities also have a division of labor based on age

True

In theory there are three possible patterns of authority in families

True

In theory, there are three possible patterns of authority in families.

True

Incest taboo is found universally but the relatives that are included in this taboo vary from society to society

True

Mass media influences socialization.

True

Modern sport focuses heavily on achievement.

True

No one thing is considered to be sacred by everyone.

True

No universal norm limits the number of marriage partners an individual may have

True

One of the functions of the family is to teach children how to survive in the society around them

True

Since the 1970s the percentage of married women children and careers has grown

True

Socialism is a system in which the government regulates the factors of production.

True

Some form of family organization exists in all societys however the exact nature of the family varies from society to society and even within societies

True

Sport as a social institution is a relatively recent phenomenon.

True

The Social Revolution was responsible for the media's increasing role in people's lives.

True

The United States spends a higher percentage of its gross domestic product on health care than any other country in the world.

True

The Yanomamo consider marriages between parallel cousins incestuous

True

The family is the most powerful agent of gender socialization.

True

The lakher of Southeast Asia individuals can marry their maternal half siblings but not their paternal half-siblings

True

The majority of American adults marry at least once during their lifetime

True

The majority of people in the United States belong to the same political party as their parents.

True

The most universal social institution is the family every society organized is its members

True

The most universal social institution is the family; every society organizes its members into families.

True

The primary political authority in society is the state.

True

The rise of sport as a social institution is directly linked to the rise of modern industrial society.

True

The term economic institution refers to the system that governs the production, distribution, and consumption of goods.

True

The tertiary sector emphasis shifts to getting raw materials to the manufacturer.

True

There are close to 200 possible categories of relatives in a kinship system

True

Today more women work as lawyers and doctors which was rare in the 1800s

True

True or False: A breakthrough in technology is often a trigger for unemployment.

True

True or False: Poverty is a relative measure.

True

What constitutes a society varies from society to society

True

Yoga can be considered an alternative medicine.

True

One reason for the rise in health care costs in the United States is the nation's rapidly expanding elderly population.

True (?)

Patrilocal, matrilocal, and bilocal rules of residence encourage the development of extended family living.

True (?)

Science fiction depicts how science, both real and imaginary, affects individuals and society.

True (?)

Until the 1400s the principle mass medium in Europe was the hand-written book.

True (?) (Printing press was invented in 1501 so?)

Fears of malpractice lawsuits are playing a part in the increased use of expensive diagnostic equipment.

True (I guess??)

Just because a person has HIV, it does not mean that they also have AIDS.

True (though AIDS will eventually be caused in the body due to the HIV virus)

An example of an entrepreneur would be someone who opened up a gourmet popcorn store in the local mall.

True???? i dont know

TEDS is an acronym for

Twins' Early Development Study

Jim Crow Laws

US laws that permitted African American Segregation

Idea that scientific research should be judged solely on the basis of quality.

Universalism

Conflict sociologists believe that the social control of schools serves to produce

Unquestioning citizens

prejudice

Unsupported generalization about a category of people. Attitudes.

Legal Discrimination

Upheld by the law.

Which of the following is not a characteristic of sport that distinguishes it as a social institution?

Urbanization

From a conservative view, the most effective social control in reference to crime is

Values that produce a strong individual consience

false

Very few societies base access to social rewards and resources on race or ethnicity. t/f

What type of offense directly harms no one but the offenders?

Victimless crime

Explain victimless crimes.

Victimless crimes are crimes such as prostitution, illegal gambling, illegal drug use, and vagrancy.These are viewed as victimless crimes because they supposedly harm no one except for the person committing the crime.

Societies with animistic religions

View spirits in animals, wind, and plants as supernatural

Functionalist Theory

View stratification as a necessary feature of social structure. First proposed by Kingsley Davis and Wilbert Moore

Which of the following poses a threat to American democracy?

Voter apathy

Level of a woman's income relative to that of a man.

Wage gap

Culture

Way of life, relationships, social trends, cultural changes etc.

Economic systems

Ways in which countries organize the production of goods and services

Wealth

Wealth is the most obvious dimension of social stratification because it is made up of the value of everything the person owns and money earned through salaries and wages.

true

Wealth, power, and prestige define a social class. t/f

How is social status directly related to health care?

Wealthy Americans receive adequate health care

How is social status directly related to health care?

Wealthy Americans receive adequate medical care.

According to the knowledge gap hypothesis, who benefits most by the introduction of new information to a society?

Wealthy and more-educated people

What is the best explanation for why public schools in wealthy area offer students better life chances?

Wealthy school districts are better funded than poor districts .

Where would you be more likely to find proper health care?

Wealthy urban area

One parent families account for about 25% of the families in the US. Women had about 8 out of every 10 of these one parent families

Weiss identified 3 problems common to single parent experience responsibility overload, task overload, emotional overload

The Asian Americans settled usually in which location?

West Coast

The Asian Americans settled usually in which location?

West coast

raising prices

What are many businesses doing to ease e-commerce consumers' fears about loss of privacy?

hospital care, prescription drugs, advances in medical technology

What are some of the factors that have contributed to the rapid rise in health care cost?

pre post industrial

What are the different types of economic systems?

preindustrial, postindustrial, industrial

What are the different types of economic systems?

George Murdock

examined cultures to determine commonalitites, found more than 65

Narcissism

excessive self-love and self-absorption

control theory

explains deviance as a natural occurence

primary sector

extraction of raw materials

All of the following characteristics are used to determine race except

eye color

Vagrancy is a crime against property.

f

George Simmens

fair types of conflict

Science emerged as a recognizable system of study in 800s B.C.

falsE?

A division that is based on individual characteristics, abilities, and behaviors does not lead to social inequality. t/f?

false

A person's sex is socially created, while gender is biologically determined. t/f

false

African Americans were confined to U.S. relocation camps during World War II. t/f

false

African Americans, Asian Americans, Hispanics, and American Indians have all faced the same levels of discrimination and prejudice. t/f

false

American society is made up of people of the same cultural background. t/f

false

Ethnicity and race are two words that mean the same thing.

false

Ethnicity and race are two words that mean the same thing. t/f

false

Family trees on the mothers side of the family are the only way to map relationships with members if their extended families. t/f/?

false

Functionalist sociologists believe that the mass media does not perform any duties that support stability and a smooth operation of society. t/f?

false

Health care costs have not been affected by advances in medical technology.t/f?

false

Homogamy is marriage between individuals who have different social characteristics. t/f?

false

In the 1900s, Asian immigrants mainly settled in the Southwest, while Hispanics settled along the east coast. t/f

false

It is easy to classify people into clear-cut racial categories.

false

It is very common for religious individuals to marry individuals from different religious backgrounds. t/f?

false

Jim Crow laws were legislation designed to put an end to legal discrimination. t/f

false

Members of the upper middle class hold white-collar jobs. t/f

false

Native Americans have always been able to obtain jobs.

false

Racial stratification is almost extinct, thanks to reform attempts

false

Racial stratification is almost extinct, thanks to reform attempts. t/f

false

Remarriage rarely occurs in the United States.t/f?

false

Scapegoating—placing the blame for one's troubles on an innocent individual or group—is a sociological explanation of discrimination and prejudice.

false

Scapegoating—placing the blame for one's troubles on an innocent individual or group—is a sociological explanation of discrimination and prejudice. t/f

false

Single parenthood has no effect on either parents or children. t/f?

false

Social classes in the United States are usually divided into three classes—upper class, middle class, and lower class. t/f?

false

Social mobility is not an important feature of an open class system. t/f

false

Sociologists call an extended family the typical family. t/f?

false

Students who watch 5 or more hours of television score higher on tests. t/f?

false

T/F IQ refers to a broad, all-encompassing ability

false

Television does not depict a great deal of violence. t/f?

false

Television violence does not make viewers fearful of the world around them, and makes them more trustful of others.t/f?

false

The Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882 was developed to help give civil rights to the Asian Americans.

false

The Civil Rights movements of the 1950s and 1960s did not do much to help African-Americans.

false

The Civil Rights movements of the 1950s and 1960s did not do much to help African-Americans. t/f

false

The Hispanic population only includes immigrants from Mexico.

false

The Hispanic population only includes immigrants from Mexico. t/f

false

prejudice, discrimination, difficulty finding meaningful employment

What challenges do Americans with disabilities face?

Exxon Mobil

What company had the highest multinational revenues in 1999?

industrialization, Limits on power, access to information

What condition is needed for a democracy to thrive in a society?

industrialization, information, and limits on power

What condition is needed for a democracy to thrive in a society?

invisible hand

What did Adam Smith call the interplay between supply and demand?

family violence

What do most sociologist argue is the most-devastating family disruption?

Americans with Disabilities Act

What does ADA stand for?

What basic questions must societies address when deciding how best to use their limited resources?

What goods and services should be produced, How should these goods and services be produced, for whom should these goods and services be produced.

True

What is deviant for one person may not be deviant for another

the extermination of an entire race

What is genocide?

divorce

What is the family disruption that receives a great deal of media attention?

identify the problem

What is the first step in problem solving?

business-to-business

What is the largest sector of e-commerce?

we blend into a distinct culture

What is the result of cultural assimilation

The dominant group is the victim of unequal treatment at the hands of the minority group.

false

The dominant group is the victim of unequal treatment at the hands of the minority group. t/f

false

The government is responding to poverty by giving tax money to those in need, except the disabled. t/f?

false

The owners of the means of production in a capitalist society are known as the proletariat. t/f

false

The reputational method is always the best method for determining social class. t/f

false

The reputational method is always the best method for determining social class. t/f?

false

There does not have to be rules for descent in order for there to be a smooth operation of society. t/f?

false

Very few societies base access to social rewards and resources on race or ethnicity.

false

Very few societies base access to social rewards and resources on race or ethnicity. t/f

false

in the 1900s, Asian immigrants mainly settled in the Southwest, while Hispanics settled along the east coast.

false

t/f affective empathy usually develops in middle adulthood

false

t/f criminology is the psychological study of crime

false

t/f it is rare for an individual to possess both affective and cognitive empathy

false

t/f as a group, biopsychologists believe that genetics are the sole cause of criminal behavior

false

t/f most adolescent risk taking behaviors tend to continue throughout adulthood

false

women in the United States have 10 hours more leisure time per week than men. t/f

false

Science is an impure and biased field. t/f?

false?

The central ideal of industrialization was maintaining "status quo." t/f?

false?

family of procreation

family consisting of an individual, his or her spouse, and their children

Family consisting of an individual, his or her spouse, and their children

family of procreation

extended family

family that consists of two or more generations

legal discrimination

form of segregation that is upheld by the law

the term dizygotic twins is synonymous with

fraternal twins

dysfunction in the _____ lobe has been strongly linked to violent behavior

frontal

What are the issues that affect voter participation

gender does not affect

most contemporary bio-psychologists believe

genetic and neuropsychological variables play a part in criminal behavior

Genocide

goal of international extermination of an entire targeted population

Wants

goods or services desired by consumers

Needs

goods or services needed for survival

Laissez-Faire Capitalism

government interference is kept to a minimum and if competition is not restricted, the invisible hand of market forces will keep the economy in balance

triad

group of three people, smallest group possible

42.) Stidies show that daughters of working women may:

have a better self-image

List the most important components of the criminal-justice system.

he most important components of the criminal-justice system are police, courts, and corrections.

Harlet Spencer

heavily influenced by Charles Darwin, Social Darwinism

Marriage between individuals who have different social characteristics.

heterogamy

organized crime

high article structure. GROUP

Marriage between individuals who have similar social characteristics.

homogamy

An open class system is based on social mobility that includes

horizontal mobility, intergenerational mobility, vertical mobility

48.) Equilibrium theory appeals to some sociologists because it explains:

how societies are able to change yet maintain order

A developmental criminologist's research most likely examines

how violent individuals learn their aggressive behavior

Donald Black

identified limitations for crimes

What is the first step in problem solving?

identify the problem

White Ethnics

immigrants from mainly Catholic countries including Ireland, France and Poland, into the United States

organic solidarity

impersonal relationships with increased job specialization

Margaret Mead

in 1930's did a landmark study on cultural variation (arapesh vs. mundogumor)

research suggests that poor quality preschool daycare places children at risk for

inadequate social skills

Generally, voter participation in the United States

increases with age

white collar crime can be divided into 52:08 (318-319)

individuals & cooperation

Who controls the economic planning in a democratic socialist country?

individuals maintain control of economic planning through elections

most contemporary researchers of temperament focus on

infants

mass media

instruments of communication that reach large audiences with no personal contact between those sending the info and those receiving it

exchange

interaction undertaken in an effort to receive a reward or a return for their actions

Which term did Adam Smith use to describe the interplay between supply and demand

invisible hand

Voluntary association

is a group of individuals who enter into an agreement as volunteers to form a body to accomplish a purpose.

junta

is an authoritarian system in which a small group has seized power from the previous government by force.

oligopoly

is the market situation in which a few large companies control an industry.

Legal Discrimination

is upheld by the law

how was the case of Phineas Gage relevant to the chapter?

it illustrated the effects of frontal lobe damage

In societies where Polygamy has prevailed

it is has been much more common for one man to have many wives (polygyny) than for one women to have many husbands (polyandry)

after hearing that her neighbors' home was burglarized, she told her co-worker that her neighbors were asking for it because they never locked their doors, etc. Her statements reflect the

just-world hypothesis

bilateral descent

kinship traced through both parents

Management of a corporation by its stockholders is typically practiced by

large corporations

research on environmental risk factors during infancy indicates that

lead exposure may be linked to antisocial behavior

anticipatory socialization

learning the rights, obligations, and expectations of a role to prepare for assuming that role in the future

A form of discrimination that is upheld by the law is called __

legal discrimination

A form of discrimination that is upheld by the law is called _____.

legal discrimination

Authority

legitimate power

authority

legitimate power

Technological advances are eliminating what kind of jobs?

less-skilled

Technological advances are eliminating what kinds of jobs?

less-skilled

wage gap

level of woman's income relative to that of a man

The likelihood individuals have of sharing in the opportunities and benefits of society.

life chances

The likelihood that individuals have of sharing in the opportunities and benefits of society is known as

life chances

Free-enterprise Systems

limited government control of business operations

Martilocality

living with one near the wife's parents

patrilocaliy

living with or near the husband's parents

matrilocality

living with or near the wife's parents

Who do interest groups employ to directly work with government officials to get their point across.

lobbyist

39.) Which of the following is a cause of the challenges to social security?:

longer life expectancies

In a society in which groups interact closely on a basis of equality, there tend to be

low levels of prejudice

nursing and sales are professions associated with this social class

lower middle class

subjugation

maintaining control over a group through forces

Subjugation

maintaining of control of a group through force

Controlling health care expenditures with alternative health insurance.

managed care

The set of norms that establishes and characterizes the relationship between married individuals.

marriage

heterogamy

marriage between individuals who have different social characteristics

homogamy

marriage between individuals who have similar social characteristics

Homogamy

marriage between people with the same social characteristics

exogamy

marriage outside one's own social category

endogamy

marriage within one's own social category

polygamy

married to multiple partners

Instruments of communication that reach large audiences with no personal contact between those sending the information and those receiving it.

mass media

Tendency for honors and recognition to go to those scientists who have already achieved recognition.

matthew effect

The merging of mass media.

media convergence

Women make up 52 percent of the voting-age population and are more likely to vote, yet

men dominate the political arena

Women make up 52 percent of the voting-age population and are more likely to vote, yet

men dominate the political arena.

research indicates that parental monitoring is especially important during

middle school years

A group of people who, because of their physical characteristics or cultural practices, are singled out and treated unequally.

minority group

A_____ is a group of people who because of their physical characteristics are singled out and unequally treated.

minority group

A(n) _____ can be defined as a group of people who are singled out and treated unequally because of physical characteristics or cultural practices.

minority groups

pluralist model

model that states that the political process is controlled by interest groups that compete with one another

14.) In the year 2000, ___ of the people arrested for violent crimes were between 13 and 19 years of age:

more than 20 percent

The US has 2 parties. What do most other democracies have?

multi-party system

the UCR's four violent crimes are

murder and non negligent manslaughter, rape, robbery, and aggravated assault

The setting up of a residential pattern apart from both sets of parents.

neolocality

Could pedophilia be viewed as a crime without a victim?

no

mores

norms that have great moral significance attached to them

primary deviance

not considered deviant by themselves or society

The family form most recognizable to Americans.

nuclear family

lower middle class

nursing and sales are professions associated with this social class

Ivan Pavlov

nurture point of view

social phenomena

observable facts or events that involve human society

role strain

occurs when a person has a difficulty meeting the role expectations of a single status

research on sibling influence on delinquency indicates

older siblings reinforce antisocial behavior only when the siblings have a close relationship

What is one of the chief consequences of corporate capitalism? The growth of....

oligopolies

pluralist model

on the other hand states that political process is controlled by interest groups that compete with one another for power

Respected individuals in the community who review and evaluate media messages and then pass the information to friends and acquaintances are called

opinion leaders (?)

which disorder is characterized by a persistent pattern of angry outbursts, arguments, vindictiveness, resentment, and disobedience

oppositional defiant disorder

political party

organization that seeks to gain power through legitimate means

17.)Changes in the American labor force since 1970 reveal all of the following EXCEPT:

over one half of the labor force has a college degree.

Stereotype

oversimplified, exaggerated, or unfavorable generalization about a group of people

bourgeoisie

owners of the means of production in a capitalist society

The set of shared concepts, methods, and assumptions that make up scientific reality at any point in time.

paradigm

Which of the following statements about the social profile of illegal drug users is FALSE?

parental and peer influences seem to have little impact on drug users

parents' awareness of their child's peer associations, free time activities, and physical whereabouts when outside the home is known as

parental monitoring

strategies employed by parents to achieve specific academic, social, or athletic goals are called

parental practices

parental attitude toward the child and the emotional climate of the parent-child relationship refers to

parental styles

Situation in which the father holds most of the authority.

patriarchy

If a newly married couple is expected to live with or near the husband's parent, they are most likely part of a

patrilocality

Living with or near the husband?s parents.

patrilocality

Gresham Sykes & David Matza

people have a strong commitment to norms yet still engage in deviant behavior, and they will suspend their moral beliefs to commit these acts

27.) Statustics reveal all of the following EXCEPT:

people older than 35 account for nearly three quarters of all arrests

significant others

people that include parents, siblings, relatives, and others who have a direct influence on our socialization

ethnic group

people who have a common cultural background and a common sense of identity

Ethnic Group

people who share a common cultural background and a common sense of identity

concordance rate is usually expressed in

percentages

49.) External debt would most likely be highest among:

peripheral nations

Charismatic authority is based on

personal characteristics

Charismatic Authority

personal characteristics of the individual exercising the power

What is charismatic authority based on

personal traits

social darwinism

perspective that holds that societies evolve toward stability and perfection

which two factors increase the probability that a child will become a serious delinquent

physical aggression and peer rejection

35.) Segregation is:

physical separation by policies

segregation

physical separation by policies.

A psychoactive drug may be defined as any substance that

physiologically affects our behavior by changing our mood, emotion, perception, or other mental status

scapegoating

placing the blame for one's troubles on an innocent individual or group

the phenomenon in which the brain's structure and function are affected by experience is called

plasticity

The considerable power that the police have to decide who is actually arrested.

police discretion

Segregation

policies that physically separate a minority group from a dominant group

segregation

policies that physically seperate a minority group from the dominant group

Power-Elite Model

political power is exercised by and for the privileged few in society

power elite model

political power is exercised by and for the privileged few in society.

Pluralist Model

political process is controlled by interest groups that compete with one another for power

Marriage to multiple partners.

polygamy

1776

What year did Adam Smith suggest specialization of jobs?

Voluntarily childlessness

When a couple consciously chooses never to have children

Polygyny

When a man is permitted to marry more than one woman at a time

Peter principle

When a person is permitted to position where he is not competent from a position where he was competent

When a man is permitted to marry more than one woman at a time.

polygyny

Polyandry

When a woman is permitted to marry more than one man at a time

Family of Procreation

When an individual is marries, this new nuclear family is born

late 1800s

When did corporations become the moving force behind the economy?

during World War II

When did the U.S. establish the Office of War information?

Monogamy

When one man and one woman are married to each other. This is certainly the most common type of marriage in the U.S and other western societies, but in some societies

Parkinson's law

When the work given to a person expands to fill the time that they are given

1975

When was the widespread nature of family violence confirmed in a nationwide study?

general practitioners

Where does the shortage for physicians lie?

legitimacy

Whether those in power are viewed as having the right to govern others.

Graves Protection and Repatriation Act

Which act helped the American Indians in keeping their burial land protected?

which statement is consistent with research on language impairment and antisocial behavior

poor language development during the second year of life is a significant predictor of adult criminal behavior

white collar crime diffres from street crime:

poor, the dark side

education

Which college degree would a woman be more likely to pursue?

A____ transfer moves a minority group to a new location.

population

The confinement of Japanese Americans to relocation camps during World War II is an example of

population transfer

. A standard of living that is below the minimum level considered adequate by society.

poverty

A standard of living that is below the minimum level considered adequate by society.

poverty

democracy

power exercised through the people

Democracy

power is exercised through the people

Authoritarianism

power rests firmly with the state

authoritarianism

power rests firmly with the state

traditional authority

power that is based on long standing customs

traditional authority

power that is based on long-standing custom

Traditional Authority

power that is based on longstanding custom

charismatic authority

power that is based on the personal characteristics of an individual

coercion

power that is considered illegitimate by the people being governed

Coercion

power that is exercised through force or threat of force and based off fear; opposite of authority

What are the types of economic societies?

pre-industrial, industrial, and post-industrial

Which economic society would hunting and gathering societies be categorized in?

preindustrial

Law of Supply

producers will supply more products when they charge higher prices and fewer products when they charge lower products

Which of the following is NOT an example of a public order crime (also known as a victimless crime)?

property offenses

Edwin Suthered

proposed concept of differential association

compared to the UCR, the NIBRS

provides more detailed information about a criminal event

Tertiary Sector

providing services

tertiary sector

providing services

Another name for "victimless" crimes such as prostitution, illegal gambling, and illegal drug use is

public order crimes

laissez-faire capitalism

pure form of capitalism in which the government does not interfere in the economy.

What is it called when Congress limits the number of foreign cars imported to the US

quotas

A category of people who share inherited physical characteristics and who are seen as being a distinct group.

race

Ethnicity is used to distinguish between groups based on cultural elements, but according to the information presented in the lecture ____ would encompass the details about a person like the shape of his or her features.

race

Socioeconomic status (SES) is a rating that combines the following social factors EXCEPT

race and ethnicity.

The practice that assumes that nonwhite Americans are more likely to commit crimes than white Americans.

racial profiling

The Age of Enlightenment supported

reason over religiious beliefs

legitimacy

refers to those in power are viewed as having the reign to control, or govern, others.

Legitimacy

refers to whether those in power are viewed as having the right to control, or govern, others

Which of the following is NOT a function of the family?

regulation of sexual activity

which factor is associated with a high probability of delinquent behavior in high school

rejection by peers in elementary school

race

relates to a person's appearance

ethnicity

relates to cultural factors such as nationality, culture, ancestry, language and beliefs.

Ethnic Cleansing

removing a group from a particular area through terror, expulsion, and mass murder

social class known to have small communities and based on knowledge of lifestyle

reputational

Factors of Production

resources needed to produce goods and services

factors of production

resources needed to produce goods and services

those influences in a person's life that are believed to increase the probability that an individual will engage in criminal behavior are called

risk factors

Placing the blame for one's troubles on an innocent individual or group.

scapegoating

The pursuit of knowledge through systematic methods

science

An objective and systematic way of collecting information and arriving at conclusions.

scientific method

de facto segregation

segregation based on informal norms

de jure segregation

segregation based on laws

de jure segregation

segregation based on the laws

A____ is a prediction that results in behavior that makes the prediction come true.

self-fulfilling prophecy

according to Virginia Douglas, which problem is central to children with ADHD

self-regulation

the ability to control one's behavior in accordance with internal standards is called

self-regulation

social stratification

seperation of members in society based on certain characteristics

which brain chemical may play a significant role in aggression and violence

serotonin

Ethnicity

set of cultural characteristics that distinguishes one group from another

STD

sexually transmitted disease

values

shared beliefs about what is good, bad, right or wrong

matriarchy

situation in which a mother holds most of the authority

matrilineal descent

situation in which kinship is tracked through the mother's family

patriarchy

situation in which the father holds most of the authority

egalitarian

situation in which the mother and father share authority

Matriarchy

situation in which the mother holds most of the authority

___ is the ownership of one person by force.

slavery

What type of corporations are managed by its stockholders

small corporations

subculture

smaller groups within a society that share values and norms and behaviors that are not shared by the entire population

Social networks and the reciprocal norms associated with these networks that encourage people to do things for each other are known as

social capital

Social networks and the reciprocal norms associated with these networks that encourage people to do things for each other.

social capital

A group of people with similar levels of wealth, power, and prestige.

social class

reputational

social class known to have small communities and based on knowledge of lifestyle

Polygamy is relatively rare even in the societies where it is an acceptable martial system. This is because

Such a household is expensive to support

___ believe that some people show a strong commitment to society's norms, yet still engage in deviance

Sykes & Matza

Economy

System in which people produce, sell and buy goods and services

A division of society into categories, ranks, or classes is called social stratification.

T

Ageism is the belief that one age category is superior to another age category.

T

Asian Americans includes people of Filipino ancestry.

T

Conformity is the acceptance of culturally approved goals and the means for achieving these goals.

T

underclass

social class that relies on public assistance

The unequal sharing of scarce resources and social rewards is called

social inequality

Women's Movement

social movement that supported the idea that's exes are socially, politically, and economically equal

out group

social persons excluded from the group

Psychology

social science that deals with behavior and thinking of organisms

criminologist

social scientists who study criminal behavior

Separation of members in society based on certain characteristics.

social stratification

The division of society into categories, ranks, or classes is called

social stratification

Separation of members in society based on certain characteristics.

social stratisfaction

During the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, immigrants from predominantly Catholic countries faced open discrimination at the hands of the American-born white Protestant majority.

T

Immigrants have greatly affected many aspects of American culture, including food.

T

Immigration effected our media because they began to bring more knowledge and history of the groups who were immigrating to the public.

T

In just two decades, AIDS has become one of the most serious public health problems in the United States and worldwide.

T

In the year 2030 the dependency ratio for the baby-boomers when they retire will be 2 to 1.

T

Innovation, ritualism, retreatism, and rebellion employ deviant behavior.

T

Institutionalized discrimination is a type of discrimination that comes from an outgrowth of the structure of a society.

T

Just because a person has HIV, it does not mean that they also have AIDS.

T

Like strain theory, control theory explains deviance as a natural occurrence.

T

More women than men age 65 and older are in poverty.

T

Occasional violations may be unavoidable & not reflect deviant behavior

T

One of the major issues of concern for older Americans is ageism.

T

One reason for the rise in health care costs in the United States is the nation's rapidly expanding elderly population.

T

Problem solving helps weigh the pros and cons of a situation.

T

Sociologists define the term race as a category of people who share inherited physical characteristics.

T

Some people have suggested that health care problems could be overcome by the creation of a national health care system.

T

South Africa practiced subjugation.

T

The United States spends a higher percentage of its gross domestic product on health care than any other country in the world.

T

The baby-boom generation includes those born between 1946 and the 1960s.

T

The conflict between ideals and actions has been part of the American experience since the arrival of the white settlers on the North American continent in the 1500s.

T

The conflict perspective explains deviance in terms of power and inequality.

T

The elderly population continues to grow.

T

The interactionist perspective looks at how the interaction between individuals influence deviance.

T

The most common patterns of minority treatment include assimilation, segregation, subjugation, and legal protection.

T

The stronger the commitment to a community, the less likely people are to engage in deviant behavior.

T

There are no biologically pure races.

T

There are several groups that work to bring the special needs of the elderly to national attention.

T

Wealth, power, and prestige define a social class.

T

The suspension of moral beliefs to commit deviant acts is a

Technique of neutralization

Techniques of neutralization

Techniques of neutralization are ways of suspending moral beliefs to commit deviant acts.

less-skilled

Technological advances are eliminating what kind of jobs?

Which of the following statements is not an accurate statement?

Television violence discourages aggressive acts

Homogamy

Tendency of individuals to marry people who have social characteristics similar to their own

Ethnocentrism

Tendency to view one's own culture in group is superior and to think that your culture is best and resist for an ideas

Terrorism

Terrorism is the use of threatened or actual violence in the pursuit of political goals.

Providing services.

Tertiary sector

true

The "opium of the people" idea refers to the theory that religion encourages people to accept their social conditions because rewards await them in the afterlife. t/f

Describe the goals of the U.S. government's "war on poverty."

The "war on poverty" declared by President Lyndon B. Johnson set out to improve the lives of the poorest Americans by reducing inequality through transfer payments and government subsidies until the families can obtain and maintain employment to provide for their families.

True

The Civil RIghts Act of 1964 outlawed legal discrimination in the United States. (T/F)

Legal discrimination in the United States was outlawed with the passage of

The Civil Rights Act of 1964

false

The Civil Rights movements of the 1950s and 1960s did not do much to help African-Americans. t/f

true

The Goals 2000: Educate America Act created the National Education Goals Panel, which consisted of educators and leaders from business, labor, and government to oversee schools' progress toward meeting the goals. t/f

false

The Hispanic population only includes immigrants from Mexico. t/f

true

The Nineteenth Amendment to the U.S. Constitution, adopted in 1920, gave women the right to vote. t/f

democratic

The U.S. has offered assistance to countries changing from what type of governmental system?

any other country in the world

The U.S. spends a higher percentage of it's GDP on health care than ___

Social Inequality

The Unequal sharing of social rewards and resources.

communist

The United States has offered assistance to countries changing from what type of governmental system?

most children display aggression in preschool and kindergarten but reduce these behaviors during early school years primarily due to

socialization

three disciplines that have traditionally dominated the study of crime

sociology, psychology, and psychiatry

gender role

specific behaviors that society establishes and attitudes for men and women

A dynamic whereby people who disagree with opinions in the mass media are less likely to voice their views.

spiral of silence

What are some ways to limit power in a democracy?

spread power over many different groups

law of demand

states that consumers will demand more of a product as the price increases

What is the first step in problem solving?

Identify the problem

law of supply

states that producers will supply more products when they can charge higher process and fewer products when they must charge lower prices.

behaviors that are forbidden only to juveniles because of their age are known as

status offenses

43.) Generally, voter participation in the U.S.:

stays the same with age

humans are fundamentally conforming beings who are strongly influenced by the values and attitudes of the society in which they live

strain theory

history

study of past events

political science

study of the organization and operation of governments

All of the following are sources of prejudice and discrimination EXCEPT:

subjugation

Travis Hirschi & Michael Gottfredson

suggested that conformity is the result of self control

Patriarchy

system in which men are dominant over women

patriarchy

system in which men are dominant over women

caste system

system in which scarce resources and social rewards are disturbed on the basis of ascribed status

proportional representation

system in which the percentage of popular votes corresponds to the percentage of seats won by a party

patrilicality

If a newly married couple is expected to live with or near the husband's parents, they are most likely part of a ..

In 1960 there were a dozen US states that made interracial marriages

Illegal

White Ethnics

Immigrants from Catholic countries, such as Ireland, France, Poland, and Greece that faced discrimination from the American-born Protestant majority.

True

Immigrants from Italy and Poland could be considered white ethnics. (T/F)

true

Immigrants have greatly affected many aspects of American culture, including food. t/f

southern and eastern europe

Immigrants in the 1900s were mainly from

political institution

system of roles and norms that governs the distribution of resources and exercise of power in society

economic institution

system of roles and norms that governs the production, distribution, and consumption of goods and services

The poverty rate for whites average 2 percentage points lower than the rate for the overall population.

t

Transfer payments are used to redistribute money to various segments of society.

t

What is coercion?

taking away someone's rights-denying citizens the right to vote

role-taking

taking or pretending to take the role of others

Where does money for transfer payments come from?

tax revenue

According to Robert Putnam,____ has led to a decline in social capital.

television

baby-boom generation

term for the approximately 76 million children born betwen the 1940's and 1960's

The result of cultures assimilation is

that distinct groups blend into a single group with common cultures and identities.

Today more and more Americans are seeking medical advice not face-to-face visits with doctors but from

the Internet

Power

the ability to control the behavior of others with or without their consent

sociological imagination

the ability to see the connection between the larger world and your personal life

Gender Identity

the awareness of being masculine or feminine as those traits are defined by culture

gener identity

the awareness of being masculine or feminine as those traits are defined by culture

gender

the behavior and psychological traits considered appropriate for men and women

role

the behavior expected of someone occupying a particular status

cultural relativism

the belief that cultures should be judged by their own standards rather than by applying the standards of another culture

ageism

the belief that one age category is by nature superior to that of another age category

Ageism

the belief that one age group is by nature superior to another age category

Sexism

the belief that one sex is by nature superior to the other

racism

the belief that one's own race or ethnic group is superior to other races or ethnic groups

sexism

the belieft that one sex is superior to another by nature

Assimilation

the blending of culturally distinct groups into a group with a common culture and identity

assimilation

the blending of culturally distinct groups into a single group with common culture an identity

anthropology

the comparative study of past and present cultures

8.) Urbanization is:

the concentration of the population in cities

illegal

In 1960 there were a dozen U.S. states that made interracial marriages

illegal

In 1960, there were a dozen U.S. states that made interracial marriages

self

the conscious awareness of possessing a distinct identity that seperates you and your enviroment from other members of society

function

the consequence that an element of society produces for the maintenance of its social system

social integration

the degree of attachment people have to social groups or to society as a whole

class system

the distribution of scarce resources and rewards that is determined on the basis of achieved status

What is genocide?

the extermination of an entire race

genocide

the extermination of an entire race

genocide

the extermination of an entire targeted population

Capitalism

the factors of production are owned by individuals rather than by government

capitalism

the factors of production are owned by individuals rather than the government

Socialism

the factors of production are owned by the government, which regulates economic activity

socialism

the factors of production are owned by the government, which regulates economic activity

nuclear family

the family form most recognizable to Americans

Glass Ceiling

the glass barrier that prevents women from gaining upper level positions in business

At what level of the social hierarchy are the trend setters at high school?

the highest leel

Second Shift

the household duties that a working wife has after a day at work

second shift

the household duties that a working wife has after a day at work

manifest function

the intended and recognized consequence of some element of society

socialization

the interactive process through which people learn the basic skills, values, beliefs, and behavior patterns of a society

generalized other

the internalized attitudes, expectations, and viewpoints of society

difference between a serial killer and a mass murder?

the length of time between deaths. mass= a huge number of people at one time

Wage Gap

the level of women's income relative to that of men

Major source of stress for single parents particularly single mothers is the lack of money. In 2000 family played by women accounted for more than half of all poor families

In 1998 about 19.8 million children under the age of 18 lived in single-parent families studies suggest that these children are two to three times more likely to experience negative life outcomes

caste system

In a ____, a person is assigned a status at birth and remains at that level throughout life.

Life chances

the likelihood individuals have of sharing in the oppertunities and benefits of society

true

In a class system, the distribution of scarce resources and rewards is determined on the basis of achieved status. t/f

true

In a government based on authoritarianism, power rests firmly with the state. t/f

False

In a preindustrial society much of the economy is involved in providing information and services

law of supply and demand

In a purely capitalist system, the economy is regulated by self-interest and

market competition

In a purely capitalist system, the economy is regulated by self-interest and

life chances

the likelihood individuals have of sharing in the opportunities and benefits of society

low levels of prejudice

In a society in which groups interact closely on a basis of equality, there tend to be

low levels of prejudice

In a society in which groups interact closely on a basis of equality, there tend to be ..

low

In a society in which groups interact closely on a basis of equality, there tend to be high or low levels of prejudice?

Oligopoly

the market situation in which a few large companies control an industry

dating

the meeting of people as a romantic engagement

Constitutional Monarchy

the monarch is nothing more than the symbolic head of state; ultimate power rests with elected officials

social mobility

the movement between or within social classes or strata

social control theory is an example of

the nonconformist perspective

family of orientation

the nuclear family into which a person is born or adopted

which is central to the cumulative risk model

the number of risk factors

Dependency Ratio

the number of workers for each person receiving Social Security benefits

dependency ratio

the number of workers for each person receiving Social Security benefits

language

the organization of written or spoken symbols into a standardized system

me

the part of ourselves that is aware of the expectations and attitudes of society; the socialized self

adolescence

the period between normal onset of puberty and the beginning of adulthood

Graying Of America

the phenomenon of the growing percentage of elderly Americans as part of the total US population

graying of America

the phenomenon where one in every five americans will be elderly

puberty

the physical maturing that makes an individual capable of sexual reproduction

cultural pluralism

the policy allows each group within society to keep its unique cultural identity

Scapegoating

the practice of placing the blame for one's own troubles on an innocent individual or group of people

Differential Association

the primary group is most influential on deviant vs non deviant behaviors

State

the primary political authority in society

degradation ceremony

the process of labeling an individual as deviant which is usally performed in some type of a bulic setting in which the individual is found guilty, denounced, and given the new identity of deviant

plea bargaining

the process of legal negotiation that allows an individual to plead guilty to a lesser charge in return for a lighter sentence

Suffrage

the right to vote

suffrage

the right to vote

marriage

the set of norms that establishes and characterizes the relationship between married individuals

marriage

the set of norms that establishes and characterizes the relationship between married individuals.

neolocality

the setting up of a residential pattern apart from both sets of parents

norms

the shared rules of conduct that tell people how to act in specific situations

anomie

the situation that arises when the norms of society are unclear or are no longer applicable

1) The ability to see the connection between the larger world and your personal life is what sociologist C. Wright Mills called:

the sociological imagination

Gender Roles

the specific behaviors and attitudes that a society establishes for men and women

agents of socialization

the specific individuals, groups, and institutions that enable socialization to take place

medicaid

the state and federally funded health insurance program for low-income individuals

social psychology

the study of how he social enviroment affects an individuals's behavior and personality

Economics

the study of how people satisfy their wants and needs

personality

the sum total of behaviors, attitudes, beliefs, and values that are characteristics of an indvidual

Political Institution

the system of roles and norms that governs the distribution and exercise of power in society

sociobiology

the systematic study of the biological basis of all social behavior

homogamy

the tendency of individuals to marry people who have social characteristics similar to their own

iron law of oligarchy

the tendency of organizations to become increasingly dominated by small groups of people

Role conflict

the tension caused by competing demands between two or more roles pertaining to different statuses

Adolescence

the transition period from childhood to adulthood, extending from puberty to independence

heredity

the transmission of genetic characteristics from parent to child

Violate a significant norm of society and be stigmatized for that

In order to be labeled deviant wanted us to do what

growing their own food. building their own house. making their clothes.

In preindustrial times, families had to provide for their own needs by

growing their own food, building their own house, making their clothes

In preindustrial times, families had to provide for their own needs by ..

dual-earner, one-parent, and childless

In recent decades, the traditional family has been replaced by

dual-earner families, childless families, one-parent families

In recent decades, the traditional family has been replaced by ..

Jim Crow Laws

In the 1800s,______ were passed requiring African Americans and white Americans to use separate facilities.

false

In the 1900s, Asian immigrants mainly settled in the Southwest, while Hispanics settled along the east coast. t/f

alternative medicine

the treatment of illness with unconvential methods such as acupuncture

monarchy

the type of government in which one person rules

latent function

the uninteneded and un recognized consequence of an element of society

Secondary Sector

the use of raw materials to manufacture goods

Protectionism

the use of trade barriers to protect domestic manufacturers from foreign competition

protectionism

the use of trade barriers to protect domestic manufacturers from foreign competition.

functionalist perspective

the view of society as a set of interrelated parts that work together to produce a stable social system

HIV

the virus that causes AIDS and is transmitted through sexual contact, contaminated blood and tissue, and contaminated hypodermic needles

exchange theory

theory that holds that people are motivated by self-interests in their interactions with other people

according to biopsychologist Adrian Raine

there is clear evidence that genetics influence antisocial and aggressive behavior

What is true of a public order crime?

they are considered to be mala prohibitum crimes

glass ceiling

this invisible barrier prevents a woman from gaining upper-level positions in business

Totalitarianism

those in power exercise complete authority over the lives of individual citizens

according to Goldstein et al. (2000), aggressive tendencies at age ___ predict later aggressive behavior

three

1. caucasoids 2. mongoloids 3. negroids

three racial categories used to categorize humans

How do children learn gender role behaviors?

through socialization

33.) According to Merton, a person who is prejudice but is afraid to discriminate because of societal pressure is a(n):

timid bigot

patrilineal descent

to track kinship through the father's family

What is the most extreme form of authoritarianism?

totalitarianism

Free Trade

trade that is not restricted by trade barriers between countries

free trade

trade that is not restricted by trade barriers between countries

Alternative Medicine

treating illnesses with unconventional methods such as acupuncture, biofeedback, massage, yoga, herbal remedies, and relaxation techniques

A division of society into categories, ranks, or classes is called social stratification. t/f

true

Describe the differences between the juvenile-justice system and the adult justice system.

In the juvenile-justice system, the offenders are younger than age 18, laws are less specific, and juveniles are provided with many more services.

Today about 61% of all married women work outside the home at least part time. Married women work for the same basic reason that married men work for economic necessity

In the past few years more and more women have been entering colleges and universities education enables women to pursue more attactive better paying positions. The labor market itself has been a factor in the increase of dual earner families. Today women make up nearly 25% of the Dr 31% of the computer scientist and 43% of the college and university teachers in this country.

What are two reasons that poor Americans have ill health and shorter health expectancy?

Inadequate nutrition Less access to medical care

The norm forbidding sexual relations or marriage between certain relatives.

Incest taboo

What is a major difference among social classes in the United States?

Income

What caused the poverty rate for people aged 65+ to decrease?

Increases in supplemental security income

All of the following have been used as racial categories EXCEPT:

Indianoid

All of the following have been used as racial categories EXCEPT:

Indianoid.

True

Individuals acquire an achieved status through their own direct efforts

Subjective method

Individuals are asked to determine their own social rank

In a democratic socialist country,

Individuals maintain control of economic planning through elections

upper middle class

Individuals that are primarily high-income business people and professionals are

How does social class affect societal roles?

Individuals with substantial wealth usually possess considerable power and these individuals are the ones that get the respect, honor, and recognition that are characteristics of prestige.

Which of the following is a type of economic society?

Industrial

Urbanization

Industrial societies were the main economic activity is production of manufactured goods. Machines are developed, production center to speak in factories in cities, people move to the cities

Interactionalist perspective

Influence of interaction - Control theory - Cultural transmission theory - Differential association - Techniques of neutralization

The main goal of the groups shown in the chart is to

Influence political decision making

August Comte, Herbert Spencer, Harriet Martineau, Karl Marx, Emile Durkheim, Max Weber, Jane Addams, W.E.B Du Bois

Influential early sociologist

Suppose that a police SWAT team kills members of a terrorist group who are holding innocent citizens hostage. These police actions illustrate which type of violence?

Institutional

___________ discrimination is a type of discrimination that comes from an outgrowth of the structure of a society.

Institutionalized

Institutionalized discrimination

Institutionalized discrimination is discrimination that is an outgrowth of the structure of society.

institutionalized discrimination

Institutionalized discrimination is discrimination that is an outgrowth of the structure of society.

Socialization

Inter-action process by which individuals learn the basic values, skills, believes, and behavior patterns of their society

false

Intergenerational mobility is the status difference between generations in different families. t/f

Which term did Adam Smith use to describe the interplay between supply and demand?

Invisible hand

Communalism

Is a belief held among some scientists that all scientific knowledge should be made available to everyone in the scientific community.

Organised Skepticism

Is a norm in scientific research in which no scientific finding or theory is exempt from questioning.

Disinterestedness

Is a norm in scientific research in which scientists should seek truth, not personal gain.

Universalism

Is a norm in scientific research that holds that research should be judged solely on the basis of quality.

Sociology of Science

Is a sociological perspective that examines how scientific knowledge develops.

Scientific Method

Is an objective, logical, and systematic way of collecting empirical data and arriving at conclusions.

Science

Is the pursuit of knowledge through systematic methods.

Which of the following best describes a charter school?

It has some freedom in the way that it operates

Which of the following statements represents a functionalist perspective on mass media?

It supports the stability of society

Which of the following is an accurate demographic statement?

Jews and Episcopalians tend to have higher educations than other religious groups

In the 1800s,______ were passed requiring African Americans and white Americans to use separate facilities.

Jim Crow laws

false

Jim Crow laws were legislation designed to put an end to legal discrimination. t/f

Nurture

John Pavlov hope this be blinking acceptance by teaching his dog to drool when a bell ring

monotheistic

Judaism, Christianity, and Islam are examples of

monotheistic religion

Judaism, Christianity, and Islam are examples of

An authoritarian system in which a small group has seized power from the previous government.

Junta

Which term refers to the violation of the law by young people?

Juvenile delinquency

False

Karl Marx coin the phrase survival of the fittest

A network of people who are related by marriage, birth, or adoption.

Kinship

Bilateral descent

Kinship traced through both parents

matrilineal descent.

Kinship traced through the mother's family is called

Which of the following is the most common of all serious crimes tracked by the FBI?

Larceny-theft

hispanics

Largest minority group in the US?

When did corporations become the driving force behind the U.S. economy?

Late 1800s

Economic principle stating that consumers will demand more of a product as the price decreases.

Law of demand

Norms that are formally created through a society's political system are referred to as

Laws

Anticipatory socialization

Learning the values of a group you aspire to join or will join in the future

A form of discrimination that is upheld by the law is called _____.

Legal discrimination

the Civil Rights Act of 1964

Legal discrimination in the U.S. was outlawed with the passage of

Civil Rights Act of 1964

Legal discrimination in the US was outlawed with the passage of

the Civil Rights Act

Legal discrimination in the United States was outlawed with the passage of

legal discrimination

Legal discrimination is discrimination that is upheld by law

Legal discrimination

Legal discrimination is discrimination that is upheld by law.

Whether those in power are viewed as having the right to govern others.

Legitimacy

Technological advances are eliminating what kinds of jobs?

Less-skilled

If you believe that a solution to the problem of guns and violence is enacting laws that make it harder to get, you are probably

Liberal

31.) The likelihood that individuals have of sharing in the opportunities and benefits of society is known as:

Life chances

Partilocality

Living with or near the husband's parents

patrilocality

Living with or near the husband?s parents

Which of the following is a cause of the challenges to Social Security?

Longer life expediencies

In a society in which groups interact closely on a basis of equality, there tend to be

Low levels of prejudice

Pink collar

Low prestige, low paying jobs for women

To which social class does an owner of a small business generally belong?

Lower middle class

What did sociologist Jeannie Oakes discover in her study of American high school classes?

Lower-track classes focused on getting along with people and classroom drills

Which president declared " a war on poverty" in order to reduce inequality in America?

Lyndon Johnson

Wealth

Made up of his or her assets- the value of everything a person owns

subjugation

Maintaining control over a group through force is called ____.

Polygyny

Man is permitted to marry more than one woman at a time

Managed care

Managed care is the use of health-insurance plans to help control health care costs.

large corporations

Management of a corporation by its stockholders is typically practiced by

4.)The Anthropologist that conducted a now-classic study of cultural variation in the 1930s was:

Margaret Mead

A group is considered incapable of understanding technical training, and thus is denied technical training. This group is then unable to gain employment in technical fields. Taking this lack of employment in technical fields as evidence of the group's inability to understand technical information is a self-fulfilling prophecy.

true

A new development in the political arena is that more women are holding statewide positions, which has increased from four percent in years past to twenty-nine percent. t/f

true

According to the article, "President Bush Proposes Health Savings Accounts," about 46 million of the U.S. population are uninsured. t/f?

true

An increase in childlessness is a recent trend in American family life. t/f?

true

Asian Americans includes people of Filipino ancestry. t/f

true

Cultural pluralism allows each minority group to keep its cultural identity. t/f

true

During the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, immigrants from predominantly Catholic countries faced open discrimination at the hands of the American-born white Protestant majority.

true

During the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, immigrants from predominantly Catholic countries faced open discrimination at the hands of the American-born white Protestant majority. t/f

true

Family violence affects all social classes and racial and ethnic groups. t/f?

true

Fears of malpractice lawsuits are playing a part in the increased use of expensive diagnostic equipment. t/f?

true

Few families can survive on a single salary. t/f?

true

For the dominant group in society, prejudice serves as a justification for discriminatory actions.

true

Homogamy is based on characteristics such as age, socioeconomic status, religion, and race. t/f?

true

Immigrants have greatly affected many aspects of American culture, including food.

true

Immigrants have greatly affected many aspects of American culture, including food. t/f

true

Immigration effected our media because they began to bring more knowledge and history of the groups who were immigrating to the public.

true

In a class system, the distribution of scarce resources and rewards is determined on the basis of achieved status. t/f

true

In just two decades, AIDS has become one of the most serious public health problems in the United States and worldwide.

true

In most societies men are charged with providing economic support and physical safety for the family. t/f

true

Mass media has caused personality rather than party affiliation to become an important part of the political process for voters in selecting candidates to support. t/f?

true

Mass media influence socialization. t/f?

true

One of the challenges of the rural poor is that they have limited access to social welfare offices. t/f?

true

One reason for the rise in health care costs in the United States is the nation's rapidly expanding elderly population. t/f?

true

Patrilocal, matrilocal, and bilocal rules of residence encourage the development of extended family living. t/f?

true

Problem solving helps weigh the pros and cons of a situation.

true

Since the 1970s the percentage of married women with children and careers has grown. t/f?

true

Social classes in the United States are usually divided into three classes—upper class, middle class, and lower class. t/f

true

Sociologists are concerned with the reactions of people to certain physical characteristics and how these reactions affect individuals in society. t/f

true

Sociologists define the term race as a category of people who share inherited physical characteristics.

true

Sociologists define the term race as a category of people who share inherited physical characteristics. t/f

true

Sociologists interpret cross-cultural variations as evidence that gender roles are socially created. t/f

true

Some people have suggested that health care problems could be overcome by the creation of a national health care system. t/f?

true

South Africa practiced subjugation. t/f

true

The Civil Rights Act of 1964 outlawed legal discrimination in the United States. t/f

true

The Enlightenment period supported reason over religious beliefs. t/f?

true

The United States spends a higher percentage of its gross domestic product on health care than any other country in the world.t/f?

true

The apartheid system in South Africa was an example of legal discrimination

true

The apartheid system in South Africa was an example of legal discrimination. t/f

true

The conflict between ideals and actions has been part of the American experience since the arrival of the white settlers on the North American continent in the 1500s.

true

The conflict between ideals and actions has been part of the American experience since the arrival of the white settlers on the North American continent in the 1500s. t/f

true

The family is the most powerful agent of gender socialization. t/f

true

The most common patterns of minority treatment include assimilation, segregation, subjugation, and legal protection

true

The most common patterns of minority treatment include assimilation, segregation, subjugation, and legal protection.

true

There are close to 200 possible categories of relatives in a kinship system. t/f?

true

There are no biologically pure races.

true

There are no biologically pure races. t/f

true

Today more woman work as lawyers and doctors, which was rare in the 1800s. t/f?

true

Until the 1400s the principle mass medium in Europe was the hand-written book. t/f?

true

Wealth, power, and prestige define a social class. t/f?

true

Wealth, power, and prestige define a social class. t/f

true

t/f free will is the hallmark of classical theory

true

t/f neurological dysfunction due to faulty brain development is strongly linked to pathological violence

true

t/f the great majority of crime in the US and other countries is neither serious nor violent

true

t/f temperament is determined largely by genetics

true

women make up 52 percent of the voting-age population. t/f

true

Ill health and shorter life expectancy are more common among America's poor. t/f?

true?

Science fiction depicts how science, both real and imaginary, affects individuals and society.T/F?

true?

Specialization of science reinforced the professionalization of science. t/f?

true?

predatory crimes

type 1 index crimes, there a victim

constitutional monarchy

ultimate power rests in the hands of elected officials.

Families that experience unemployment and poverty over several generations are considered

underclass

verstehen

understanding the meaning of action from the actor's point of view

Idea that scientific research should be judged solely on the basis of quality

universalism

Prejudice

unsupported generalization about a category of people

Individuals that are primarily high-income business people and professionals are

upper middle class

Managed Care

use of alternative health-insurance plans

so-called victimless crimes

usually involve acts regarded by society as morally offensive

Max Weber

verstehen (attempt to understand the meaningns individuals attach to their actions), BUREAUCRACY

When a couple consciously chooses never to have children.

voluntary childlessness

Stigma

Mark of social disgrace

The set of norms that establishes and characterizes the relationship between married individuals.

Marriage

Heterogamy

Marriage between individuals who have different characteristics

Heterogamy

Marriage between individuals who have different social characteristics

Homogamy

Marriage between individuals who have similar social characteristics

Exogamy

Marriage outside of one's own social category

true

Marriage outside of one's own social category is called exogamy. t/f

Polygamy

Marriage to multiple partners

Endogamy

Marriage within one's own social category

endogamy

Marriage within one's own social category.

Polygamy

Marrige with multiple partners

Living with or near the wife's parents.

Martrilocality

Instruments of communication that reach large audiences with no personal contact between those sending the information and those receiving it.

Mass media

Instruments of communication that reach large audiences with no personal contact between those sending the information and those receiving the information are called___

Mass media

The killing of 26 people at Sandy Hook Elementary School in 2012 is an example of

Mass murder

10.) One status tends to take rank above all others. This status that plays the greatest role in shaping a persons life and determining his or her social identity is called a(n):

Master Status

Social class is a group of people with similar levels of

wealth, power, and prestige

$8,250

what is the poverty level for a single person age 85 or older?

voluntary childlessness

when a couple consciously chooses never to have children

polygyny

when a man is permitted to marry more than one woman at a time

polyandry

when a woman is permitted to marry more then one man at a time

monogamy

when one man and one woman are married to each other

cluster effect

when someone famous commits suicide , there are spikes in suicides

Hispanic Americans

which of the following is the largest minority group in the U.S.?

Rick has been charged with an offense that carries a maximum penalty of a 90-day jail sentence; he has been charged with a

Misdemeanor

Which of the following is not considered to be an ethnic group?

Mongoloid

How has the general level of education in the United States changed since 1940?

More people have a bachelor's degree, more people are going to college,fewer people are without a high school diploma

false

More than half of American schools report at least one serious, violent incident per year. t/f

religious faith, race, and age

Most Americans marry individuals with characteristics similar to their own, including

religious faith, age, race

Most Americans marry individuals with characteristics similar to their own, including ...

Which regards to biological theories of crime

Most people convicted of crimes are biologically just like the rest of us

Egalitarian

Mother and Father share authority

Matriarchy

Mother holds most of the authority.

Describe an open stratification system.

Move between the different stratifications

How could an individual move down the social-class ladder?

Move from a highly prestigious job to a less prestigious job

social mobility

Movement of individuals or groups from one position in a society's stratification system to another

Vertical mobility

Movement to a different class

Unlike the United States, most democracies have a(n)

Multi-party system

5.)Folkways include all of the following except:

Murder

Which act helped the American Indians in keeping their burial land protected?

Native American Graves Protection and Repatriation

Which act helped the American Indians in keeping their burial land protected?

Native American Graves Protection and Repatriation Act

False

Native Americans have always held the status of a US citizen. (T/F)

Functionalist perspective of deviance

Natural part of society

true

Nazi Germany practiced subjugation. t/f

The residential pattern found most commonly in industrial societies is

Neolocality

Kinship

Network of people who are related by marriage, birth, or adoption.

Primary Deviance

Nonconformity that goes infected by those in authority

What is the national religion of the United States?

None of these

Incest Taboo

Norm forbidding sexual relations or marriage between certain relatives

Folkways

Norms describing socially excepted we Haviar. No danger to others and not critically or Morley important. Usually laws are not needed

Folkways

Norms that are not strictly enforced

Mores

Norms that are widely observed and have great moral significance

A family that consists of one or both parents and their children

Nuclear family

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of modern science?

Of interest only to a small segment of society

According to official statistics describing murder

Offenders and victims are generally of the same race

false

On college campuses, 56 percent of all bachelor's degrees are awarded to men. t/f

Cultural lag

One aspect of culture changes slower than other aspects

communism

One of the chief consequences of corporate capitalism is the growth of what?

When individuals from different religious backgrounds do marry

One partner sometimes adopt the other partners religion

that roughly 40 percent of all college athletes are women

One result of Title IX has been

women have less leisure time

One result of the second shift is that

a 30 year old man

Which of the following would NOT be a part of the baby boom generation?

Power

The ability to control the behavior of others, with or without their consent.

The study also reveals that wives were as likely to commit violent act within the family however

The acts committed by wives were less violent in nature and less damaging to spouses and children

False

The age of adolescents has always been the same in America

shamanism

The animistic belief that spirits communicate with only one person in the group.

true

The apartheid system in South Africa was an example of legal discrimination. t/f

tracking

The assignment of students to different types of educational programs is considered

Baby-boom generation

The baby-boom generation is a collective term for the approximately 76 million children born in the United States from 1946 through 1964.

polytheism

The belief in more than one gods.

monotheism

The belief in one god.

Racism

The belief that one's own race or ethnic group is superior to other races or ethnic groups.

Hinduism

The best-known polytheistic religion is

assimilation

The blending of culturally distinct groups into a single group with a common culture and identity.

Caste system

The caste system is a system in which scarce resources and rewards are distributed on the basis of ascribed statuses.

32.)Legal discrimination in the Unites States was outlawed with the passage of:

The civil rights act of 1964

True

White collar crime is described as offenses committed by individuals of high social status in the course of their professional lives

White ethnics

White ethnics is a collective reference to immigrants from the predominately Catholic countries of Ireland, Italy, France, Poland, and Greece.

white ethnics

White ethnics is a collective reference to immigrants from the predominately Catholic countries of Ireland, Italy, France, Poland, and Greece.

White-collar crime

White-collar crime is crime that is committed by an individual or individuals of high social status in the course of their professional lives.

Erich Fromm

Who tried to answer the question of why individuals submit to totalitarian rule in Escape from Freedom?

Final disruption. Families face is family dissolution. Follows the death of a spouse. About 16% of men aged 65 and older are widowers however close to 40% of all women over the age of 65 are widowers

Widowhood creates identity problems and economic problems due to the loss of employment income or the decrease in Social Security benefits

In 1960s the average length time bt. Marriage and the birth of their first child was 15 months by 1970 it was 27 months today it's common for women to have their first child at the age of 30.

Women bt. 30 and 34 accounted for 23% of all births in 1998. The reasons for delaying childbearing is to allowed time to complete education and to establish a career.

false

Women in the United States have 10 hours more leisure time per week than men. t/f

men dominant politics

Women make up 52 percent of the voting-age population and are more likely to vote, yet

true

Women make up 52 percent of the voting-age population. t/f

After divorce women's income fell by 30% while men's incomes showed a 10% reduction

Women seem to make better emotional adjustment to divorce. Rate of suicide alcoholism drug abuse depression and anxiety are higher among divorced men

Movement that held the sexes as being socially, politically and economically equal.

Women's Movement

Which of the following is NOT a result of the women's rights movement?

Women's Suffrage (1920s)(?)

Proletariat

Workers who sell their labor in exchange for wages

false

Worldwide men and women are only permitted to have monogamous marriages. t/f

Do age, gender, race, ethnicity or cultural background affect poverty? If so, how?

Yes, these characteristics can affect the life chances and life expectancy of an individual, based on the different behavioral patterns of the poor versus the wealthy.

True

You could be a 20-year-old but still considered an adolescent if you're in college for living at home

Culture; society

You could have American _________________ in other parts of the world, but you can only have American __________________ in America.

upper class

____ individuals can attend prestigious schools and their families have usually been wealthy for generations.

cultural pluralism

________ allows each group within society to keep its unique cultural identity.

Subjugation

Subjugation is the maintaining of control over a group through force.

subjugation

Subjugation is the maintaining of control over a group through force.

The emphasis a society places on any one economic sector is determined by that society's

Subsistence strategy

studies suggest that mothers feel a sense of increased satisfaction after their children have left home. In recent years the empty nest stage has been delayed for many families.

Close to 50% of Americans between the ages of 18 and 24 still live at home and some children are returning to their parents home after living independently for several years. About 8% of 25 - 44 year olds now live with their parents

Primary Relatives

Closest relatives, mother, father, sister, children.

Illegitimate power that is achieved by force or the threat of force.

Coercion

Deviant labeling

Commitment of a deviant act and stigmatized

The belief that all scientific knowledge should be made available to everyone in the scientific community.

Communalism

The United States has offered assistance to countries changing from what type of governmental system?

Communist

Moving police officers from cars to bikes and foot patrol is part of a police called

Community policing

Conflict perspective of deviance

Competition and inequality lead to deviance, ruling class vs lower class

Asian Americans

Competition for jobs produced physical violence and discrimination

True

Competition is when two or more groups or people oppose each other to achieve a goal that only one can attain

Conflict theorist believe that

Competition leads to deviance and social inequality leads to deviance.

true

Competition over scarce resources is seen as a cause of social inequality according to the conflict theory. t/f

What was the government responding to when the Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Reconciliation Act was passed in 1996?

Complaints of a permanent welfare class

Empirical data, objective, logical using careful perfect human reasoning, systematic research in an organized in the vertical way. In objective in logical systematically collecting data

Components of the scientific method

Not universal some societies go straight into adulthood. Factors for Americans would be required education, child labor laws, and juvenile court

Concept of adolescence

Which perspective argues that media messages are distorted because the media is owned by the power elite?

Conflict

cause of social inequality

Conflict theorists see competition over scarce resources as

Of the five modes of adaptation, ______ is not a deviant response

Conformity

true

Congress passed Goals 2000: Educate America Act to improve the quality of education in the United States. t/f

Extended Family

Consists of 2 or more generations

Nuclear Family

Consists of one or both parents and their children

Monarchy that is considered democratic because ultimate authority is held by elected officials.

Constitutional Monarchy

Control theory

Control theory is a theory of deviant behavior in which deviance is seen as natural occurrences and conformity is seen as the result of social control.

Socialization or teaching people the values needed to participate in society

Cordial molding is another way to describe what concept

Sandwich Generation

Couples, between the needs of their children and those of their parents

Dating and engagement

Courtship of somewhere on the continuum between __________________ and __________________

Which term refers to the violation of the criminal laws enacted by federal, state, or local governments?

Crime

The FBI complies an annual publication of crime reports from police departments across the country, callled

Crime in the US: Uniform Crime Report

true

Cultural pluralism allows each minority group to keep its cultural identity. t/f

Describe what genocide is and how it has been used in the past.

Genocide is extermination aimed at the intentional destruction of the entire targeted population. This kind of extermination has been attempted many times, and sometimes achieved, throughout history. Anti-Semitism, or hatred of Jews, has led to several attempts at Jewish extermination. After the assassination of Czar Alexander II in 1881, Jews in Russia came under attack. During that year some 200 pogroms were carried out against Jewish residents. A pogrom—a Russian word meaning devastation—usually involved mob attacks on Jews and their businesses or homes. Millions of European Jews were killed in the Holocaust during World War II. The Holocaust also claimed the lives of many Slavs, Roma (Gypsies), Jehovah's Witnesses, Communists and other groups the Nazis hated. Other examples of genocide include the British extermination of the Tasmanians and the South African destruction of the Khoikhoi during the 1800s.

30.) Which of the following characteristics do NOT affect poverty?

Geographic location

true

Germany developed an extensive propaganda campaign during World War II to build support for its war effort. t/f

Medicare

Government sponsored health insurance for elderly Americans and Americans with disabilities

Right of passage

Graduation for college is an example of this

All of the following acts have had an impact on Asian Americans except the

Graves Protection and Repatriation Act.

Tertiary Relatives

Great Grandparents, Great Grandchildren, Great Aunts, Great Uncles

Tertiary relatives

Great-grandparents, great-grandchildren, great-aunts, great-uncles, cousins

In preindustrial times families had to provide for their own needs by

Growing their own food Making their own clothes Building their own house

There are four major justifications for punishment. What is NOT one?

Guilt reduction

The virus that causes AIDS and is transmitted through sexual contact, contaminated blood and tissue, and contaminated hypodermic needles.

HIV

Which of the following viruses causes AIDS?

HIV

Studies show that daughters of working women may

Have a better self image

How can a society with different religions and racial groups promote a strong national identity among its members?

Have them participate in formal schooling

Travis Hirschi argues in his control theory that what discourages crime is

Having strong social ties that integrate the person within the community

2.)The phrase "survival of the fittest," or the belief that the best aspects of society would survive over time, was coined by:

Herbert Spencer

Marriage between individuals who have different social characteristics.

Heterogomy (hetero- different)

Although homogamy is still typical in the United States an increasing number of marriages are heterogamy. This increase in heterogamy is a function of changing social conditions. As contact between people of different social backgrounds increases the likelihood of heterogamy also increases. Some of those factors include

Higher college enrollment, more geographical mobility, and the increased participation of women in the workforce

Factors that have contributed to heterogamy include

Higher college enrollments Geographical mobility Participation of women in the work force

Which of the following statements would a conflict theorist most likely support?

Higher-status parents are better able to provide enriching experiences for their children

Which group immigrated to the Southwest?

Hispanics

What characteristics represent most individuals of the lower middle class?

Hold white collar jobs Live a comfortable life but must continue to work to maintain it

Marriage between individuals who have similar social characteristics.

Homogamy (homo - same

When a person changes jobs but does not change wealth, power, or prestige, that person experiences___________.

Horizontal mobility

Proportional representation ensures that

Minority viewpoints have a voice in government

Situation in which a mother holds most of the authority.

Matriarchy (Maternal)

Kinship is traced through the mothers family is called

Matrilineal descent

The presence of so much violence in the mass media

May have the effect of desensitizing us to all violence

Government sponsored health insurance for elderly Americans and Americans with disabilities.

MediCARE

The merging of mass media.

Media convergence

The state and federally funded health insurance program for low-income individuals.

MedicAID

Which program provides health insurance for the poor?

Medicade

Medicaid

Medicaid is a state and federally funded health-insurance program for people with little or no money.

Medicare

Medicare is a government-sponsored insurance plan for elderly or disabled persons.

False

Members of the upper middle class hold white-collar jobs

false

Members of the upper middle class hold white-collar jobs. t/f

Johannes Gutenberg invented

Metal movable type

A(n) _____ can be defined as a group of people who are singled out and treated unequally because of physical characteristics or cultural practices.

Minority groups

Maintaining control over a group through force is called ____.

Subjugation

Gunnar Mydral

Which is the Swedish sociologist who examined the issues of race relations in the U.S. in 1944?

egalitarian

Which of the following describes a family where the mother and the father share authority?

the Internet

Which of the following did the Office of War information NOT use?

Social Security Administration

Which of the following groups does NOT work to bring national attention to the elderly?

delayed marriage

Which of the following is NOT a cause of one-parent families?

displayed marriage

Which of the following is NOT a cause of one-parent families?

to create residential patterns

Which of the following is NOT a function of the family?

Civil Rights Act

Which of the following is NOT a result of the women's rights movement?

the Civil Rights Act of 1964

Which of the following is NOT a result of the women's rights movement?

an older adult portrayed as a positive role model

Which of the following is NOT an example of ageism?

longer life expectancies

Which of the following is a cause of the challenges to Social Security?

under representation in congress

Which of the following is an example of gender inequality in politics?

mongoloid

Which of the following is not considered to be an ethnic group?

voter apathy

Which of the following poses a threat to American democracy?

According to the data in the graph, the percent of college graduates of which racial group most closely matches that of the total population?

White

20.) Sucicide rates are high among people over the age of 65, particularly among ___:

white men

Although pornography is considered deviant, and much of it is illegal, it is

widely used

40.)One result of the second shift is that:

women, on average, have less leisure time than men

One result of the second shift is that

women, on average, have less leisure time than men

One result of the second shift is that

women, on average, have less leisure time than men.

proletariat

workers who sell their labor in exchange for wages

social class that is comprised of migrant farm workers

working poor

Segregation is

xx based on laws


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