sociology
class consciousness
What do sociologists call awareness of our own and others' class statuses?
crime
What do we call norm violations that are codified into law?
disenfranchised
What is it called when a government bars an individual, either temporarily or permanently, from voting?
education
What is the central means by which modern society transmits knowledge, values, and expectations to it members?
internal colonialism
The exploitation of a minority group within the dominant group's political borders is called:
instrumental
The family member who is task driven, breadwinning, and authoritative is taking the
authoritarianism
A political system that denies ordinary people participation or representation in their government is called?
racism
A set of beliefs about the superiority of one racial or ethnic group compared to another is:
women in private sphere and men in the work place
According to Friedrich Engels, how do capitalists benefit from a patriarchal system?
expressive role
According to Talcott Parsons and other functionalists, which role are women better suited for?
How is patriarchy defined?
literally meaning the "rule of the father", a male- dominated society
Why do critics object to school vouchers?
they do not improve public education
independent sector
What is the group of nonprofit organizations that are designed to run as cost effectively as possible and to direct any earnings back into the causes they support called?
social class
What system of stratification is commonly used in capitalist societies?
instrumental and expressive
What two roles did the structuralist Talcott Parsons identify within the family?
it begins early and continues throughout our lives
When does gender role socialization begin
discrimination
An action or behavior that results in the unequal treatment of an individual because of his membership in a racial or ethnic group is called
union
An association of workers who organize to improve their economic status and working conditions is called
transnational corporation
Firms that purposely transcend national borders so that their products can be manufactured at sites all over the world are called:
prostitution and runaways
For what two categories of crime are women more likely to be arrested than men?
boys get more favored and girls get better grades
How do teachers treat boys and girls differently?
smoking
In terms of health and life expectancy, what is "the great equalizer"?
criminal justice system
In the United States, legislatures, police, courts, and prisons make up the:
agriculture revolution
New innovations in farming like mechanized seed spreaders and new techniques of crop rotation were part of what macro-level social change?
special interest group
Organizations formed expressly to raise and spend money in order to influence elected officials are called
essentialists
People who see gender as immutable and deriving solely from biology are called
charter schools
Public schools that are run by private entities are called
early college high schools
Schools that blend high school and college are called:
feminism
Social movements organized around a belief in the social, political, and economic equality of the sexes are called:
knowledge
Someone who works primarily with information and develops or uses knowledge in the workplace is called
resistant strategies
Tactics that let workers take back some degree of control over the conditions in which they work are called
globalization
The cultural and economic changes that result from dramatic increases in international trade and exchange are called:
socialism
The economic system based on collective ownership of the means of production and collective distribution of goods and services is called
association theory
The idea that individuals learn to be deviant by interacting with others who are already deviant is called
politics
The methods and tactics of managing a political entity are called
social learning
The process of learning behavior and meanings through social interaction is called
gender identity
The roles, traits, and behaviors that are associated with a particular gender are called
tracking
When students are tested, and the test results are used to place them in a certain category of classes (remedial, advanced, college prep, etc.), this process is called
England
Where did the Industrial Revolution begin?
depression
Which of the following disorders occurs more often in women than in men?
meritocracy
Which of the following is a form of stratification in which all positions are awarded on the basis of merit?
boys
Who is most likely to be mocked by their peers for violating gender norms?
women are thought to be weak and need protection
Why are female runaways more likely to be reported as missing by their parents?