Sociology
As industrialization began to boom, Durkheim believed people were more susceptible to anomie because:
All of these: a. Collective norms are weakened. b. Society no longer has the support of the collective consciousness. c. Specialization of labor lead to alienation.
Functionalist Émile Durkheim viewed society as:
An organism in which each portion plays a vital role in keeping the organism stable and healthy
Which of the following is an example of a negative informal sanction?
Beatrix being booed off stage after telling an offensive joke during her comedy routine.
How has advertising revenue significantly changed in the past few years?
Cable and online revenue have remained greatly unchanged, while newspaper and magazine advertising revenue have fallen greatly.
The Agricultural Revolution is often referred to as "dawn of civilization" because:
Cities and towns were established, and humans had more time for leisure activities.
Durkheim defined ______ as the communal beliefs, morals, and attitudes of a society.
Collective conscience
What approach is often used to understand what's defined as deviant within a society?
Constructivism
Which theorist claimed that people rise to their proper level in society based solely on personal merit?
Emile Durkheim
Weber's proposal of antipositivism influenced sociological researchers to ______ while examining different social worlds.
Gain a subjective understanding of human cultural norms
Which of the following is an example of nonreactive research?
Gathering data from government studies
Please define C. Wright Mill's sociological imagination.
How individuals understand their own and others' pasts in relation to history and social structure.
John wants to study whether a larger number of laptops available to students at his school lead to higher grades. Choose the independent and dependent variable.
Independent variable: Number of laptops; Dependent variable: Grades
An instrumental leader:
Is goal-oriented and largely concerned with accomplishing set tasks.
____ believed that societies grew and changed as a result of the struggles of different social classes over the means of production and greatly favored ____.
Karl Marx; Communism
Which of the following is NOT an example of a formal norm within the United States?
Making eye contact while speaking
Which of the following is an example of an in-group/out-group dynamic:
Members of sorority Delta Delta Delta advise their pledges not to socialize with members of pledges of rival sorority Sigma Delta Theta.
Functionalist Émile Durkheim believed some deviance within society was:
Necessary; it challenged people's views.
Many Americans pay for haircuts, trips to the dentist, or transportation on the metro and bus systems. These actions support the notion of capitalism, an example of _____.
Non-material culture
Which of the following is not a step in the scientific method?
Receive corroboration from the field
Kevin conducted a study on whether the length of the line at a local Starbucks affected how well the customers enjoyed their coffee after receiving it. Malcolm conducted the study at his local Starbucks, and found the same results. Kevin's study had a high level of _____.
Reliability
Alexis wants to research the 1960's feminist movement. She reads articles from the time period, watches documentaries, reads scholarly journals on the topic, and interviews influential women from the movement. What kind of research method is Alexis using?
Secondary data analysis
Which of the following does NOT constitute cyberbullying?
Sending threatening letters to someone's home
_____ view society as a structure with interrelated parts designed to meet the biological and social needs of individuals who make up that society.
Structural Functionalists
The term institutionalization can be defined as:
The act of implanting a convention or norm into society.
Which of the following is an example of an informal sanction?
The football team throwing a slushy in Finn's face because he tried to join the Glee club.
Solomon Asch concluded that one reason people conform to a group is because they believe:
The group is better informed than they are
Which of the following is NOT an example of a sociological hypothesis?
The more CDs Jamilla buys, the less money she has in her bank account
Xenocentrism is:
The opposite of ethnocentrism
Peer groups are important to adolescents because:
They help to develop a sense of identity separate from adolescents' parents.
Which of the following is not a purpose of the American Sociological Association's code of ethics?
To ensure the financial gain of the researchers
Justin enrolls in a local community college so he can one day become an engineer. Justin is about to become a member of a:
Utilitarian organization
In an effort to control a total institution, and to create a community of sameness, inmates are forced to strip down, be searched by police officers, and given identical uniforms before entering prison. This is an example of _______.
a degradation ceremony
The concept anomie can be defined as:
a situation in which society no longer has the support of a firm collective consciousness
A hypothesis can be defined as:
a testable proposition
Sandy is standing in line for Kanye West tickets. The line wraps around the block, spilling into the streets and crowding store windows. Sandy is part of a(n):
aggregate
The transition from college life to work life can be quite difficult for many young adults in the United States. Which is a possible cause for this struggle?
all of these: The status quo has been maintained for a substantial period of time, and now the economy and government are undergoing significant changes. Many young people are in the same situation, so drawing expertise or knowledge from their experiences from peers is difficult. Finding a job, renting an apartment, and being independent is a daunting task that seems insurmountable.
A total institution can be defined as:
an organization in which participants live a controlled lifestyle and in which total resocialization occurs
Which of the following men coined the term positivism, and is widely considered the father of sociology?
auguste comte
The United States Government is a form of:
bureaucracy
Whose study described the differences in the way that boys and girls view morality?
carol gilligan
Miguel is doing a research paper on New York City's Stone Wall riots of 1969. He visits the scene of the riots, interviews people who were there, reads the police reports of the event, and watches video footage. Miguel is conducting a(n) ______.
case study
Mark, whose parents are wealthy, has been socialized to believe that he can be whoever he wants to be. His best friend Matt, whose parents are blue-collar workers, has been socialized to believe that hard work and following instructions is all he needs to support himself. Which sociological paradigm does this story fit?
conflict
Political science teacher Mr. Jones asks his students to study how social media can influence public opinion by "following" famous activists, academics, and politicians on Twitter. While reading and exchanging each other's Tweets, some classmates became close friends. The first is an example of the project's ____ function, the second is an example of the project's _____ function
manifest; latent
A paradigm can be defined as:
philosophical and theoretical frameworks used within a discipline to formulate theories, generalizations, and the experiments performed in support of them
In the early 2000's, The L Word and Queer as Folk debuted on Showtime. Both shows depicted the lives of members of the LGBT (lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender) community, thus giving viewers a glimpse into a ______.
subculture
Baby Marla is always well dressed. She has ribbons, bows, and frills all over her dresses and even in her hair. Her mother, who is worried that people might mistake Marla for a little boy, is determined to communicate to the world that she has a baby girl. Which sociological paradigm does this story fit?
symbolic interactionism
The term meritocracy is defined by the text as:
A bureaucracy where membership and advancement is based on proven and documented skills
The term values can be defined as:
A culture's standard for discerning what's good and just in society.
Which of the following is NOT an example of organic solidarity?
A freelance artist creating a sculpture of Barack Obama
Reliability is defined by the text as:
A measure of a study's consistency that consider how likely results are to be replicated if a study is reproduced.
A cultural universal is:
A pattern or trait common to all societies.
The term value neutrality is defined by the text as:
A practice of remaining impartial, without bias or judgment during the course of a study and in publishing results.
What is the difference between a primary group and a secondary group?
A primary group is small, consisting of emotional face-to-face relationships; a secondary group is larger and impersonal.
According to Durkheim, which of the following is NOT a social fact?
A religious belief A law A custom All of the above are social facts*
The term interpretive framework can be defined as:
A sociological research approach that seeks in-depth understanding of a topic or subject through observation or interaction; this approach is not based on hypothesis testing.
The term language can be defined as:
A symbolic system through which people communicate and through which culture is transmitted.
Jeremy wrote an essay criticizing the college admissions process, arguing that heavy competition and limited educational resources make admission difficult for the average student. Which perspective would Jeremy's argument fall under?
Conflict Theory
Max Weber, Georg Simmel, and Karl Marx were all advocates of:
Conflict theory
Bernie Madoff, recently sentenced to 150 years in prison for creating a Ponzi scheme which caused clients to lose millions of dollars, engaged in which form of crime?
Corporate crime
Society and culture _____.
Could not exist without each other
Kurt and Mitch visit an Amish village on a class trip. "Let's see if we can round up some old radios and appliances and drop them off for them later this week. I think they'll appreciate it. They just don't understand what they're missing." Mitch rolls his eyes. Kurt's perspective is an example of _______.
Cultural imperialism
Quincia is studying how of the lack of comprehensive sex education is affecting a small, rural town in North Dakota. She spends two months in the town, observing and interviewing the townspeople. Quincia is conducting a(n) _____.
Ethnography
Which of the following is an example of cultural relativism?
Helena putting aside her vegetarianism to eat meals with the local tribe she is studying.
Last week, a major politician was caught in a political scandal. The story was featured on the front page of the New York Times, the Los Angeles Times, CNN.com, and was the lead story on NBC, ABC, and CBS nightly news. This is referred to as:
Homogenization
According to Kohlberg's theory of moral development, when do humans begin to think about the feelings of other people and begin to see the world through other people's eyes?
In their teenage years
Qualitative sociology can be defined as:
In-depth interviews, focus groups, and/or analysis of content sources as the source of its data.
Émile Durkheim's much lauded study of suicide is important to the field of sociology in many ways. One of the most influential impacts was:
It defined the differences between sociology and psychology
What is the importance of interpretive framework?
It leads to in-depth knowledge of a participant's social world.
Which of the following is NOT an example of self-fulfilling prophecy?
Kevin sprained his ankle a month before a marathon. Though his trainer advises him not to participate, Kevin runs the marathon and places third.
Eleanor is researching the effect social media has on worldwide political awareness and revolution. Felix is examining the effect World of Warcraft has on the romantic relationships of middle-aged men in his metro area. Eleanor's analysis is _____, while Felix's analysis is _____.
Macro-level; micro-level
Which of the following is an example of an unethical sociological research practice?
Observing study participants without their consent
In order to better understand the sorority pledging process at her university for her sociology thesis, Carmen pledges with a popular sorority. This is an example of _____.
Participant observation
Charles Cooley's concept of the looking-glass self hypothesizes that:
People base their images on how they think other people see them.
Joseph and Paula are excited to welcome their child into the world. They cannot wait to pass on all their knowledge, insight, and rich culture. Just as their parents gave them guidance and showed them how to live, Joseph and Paula will continue the chain by handing down their societal values and thus, sustain the society they love so much. Which sociological paradigm does this story fit?
Structural Functionalism
A judge and her gavel. A cop and his gun. A lawyer and her power suit. A ____ would be most concerned with the parts these objects play in impression management.
Symbolic interactionist
After weeks of protest in Zuccotti Park, NYC's "Occupy Wall Street" divided into two camps: one composed of higher income protestors, and one composed of lower-income protesters. A ______ would be most interested in the relationship and nature of day-to- day exchanges between the two groups.
Symbolic interactionist
A class of third graders is told that the assistant principal will be visiting their class to confirm their teacher's reports of bad behavior. When the principal visits, the students behave perfectly. This is an example of ________.
The Hawthorne Effect
Alienation is defined by the text as:
The condition in which the individual is isolated and divorced from his or her society, work, or sense of self.
Verstehen is defined by the text as:
To understand in a deep way
Karl Marx's Communist Manifesto is based on the ____ perspective.
conflict theory
Kellan wants to shop at Express for the new school year, but because all of his friends shop at Pacific Sun, Kellan does as well. Kellan's behavior is an example of:
conformity
Angelica visits Thailand with her family. When she wears short-shorts and tank tops while visiting a series of temples during her first week, she is met with hostility from the locals. She feels she no longer knows how to behave or interact with those outside her family. Angelica is experiencing _____.
culture shock
Kendra is researching the effects of vitamin C on test-taking ability. Before the exam, Kendra gives group A orange juice, and group B water. Vitamin C is the ______.
dependent variable
Tyson is researching whether actors on prime-time television and hit movies negatively impact teenagers' body images. He is going undercover at a local high school to observe and participate with the students to better understand the world they live in. Tyson is conducting which research method?
field research
The process of simultaneously analyzing the behavior of individuals and the society that shapes that behavior (or, the concept that the individual and society are inseparable) is referred to as:
figuration
Before the dawn of social media, powerful TV networks and widely circulated newspapers had great influence over the news stories that were reported to the public. This is referred to as:
gatekeeping
Which of the following is an example of a cultural universal?
incest taboos
Émile Durkheim's much lauded study of suicide is important to the field of sociology in many ways. One of the most influential impacts was:
it defined the differences between sociology and psychology
Christine is president of her Improvisation Comedy Troupe. When making decisions about booking gigs, rehearsal spaces, and call-times, Christine leaves the troupe to decide for themselves. Christine is a(n) _____ leader.
laissez-faire
Political science teacher Mr. Jones asks his students to study how social media can influence public opinion by "following" famous activists, academics, and politicians on Twitter. While reading and exchanging each other's Tweets, some classmates became close friends. The first is an example of the project's ____ function, the second is an example of the project's _____ function.
manifest; latent
George Herbert Mead's specific path of development for individuals is as follows:
preparatory stage, play stage, game stage, generalized other stage
Alona is examining the impact of the 2011 Penn State scandal on student morale and school spirit by distributing number-scaled surveys in her Introduction to Sociology class. Alona is employing a _____ research method.
quantitative
Kevin conducted a study on whether the length of the line at a local Starbucks affected how well the customers enjoyed their coffee after receiving it. Malcolm conducted the study at his local Starbucks, and found the same results. Kevin's study had a high level of _____.
reliability
Sherry is in her mid-eighties and is moving to a nursing home. She is used to getting up at 5 o'clock each morning and making breakfast for herself. Her new roommate likes to sleep until 7 o'clock and breakfast is not served at the nursing home until 8 o'clock. What is Sherry most likely to experience through this transition?
resocialization
Kyle is collecting newspaper clippings from his grandfather about the American public's perception of World War II. This is an example of ______.
secondary data
Thomas wants to better understand the trends in literacy rates in Baltimore city over the past 50 years using Baltimore city data. What type of research should Thomas conduct?
secondary data analysis
Sociology is defined as the:
systematic study of society and social interaction
The term media globalization can be defined as:
the worldwide integration of media through the cross-cultural exchange of ideas