Sociology Chapter 21

Which theory do you think better explains the global economy: dependency theory (global inequity is due to the exploitation of peripheral and semi-peripheral nations by core nations) or modernization theory? Remember to justify your answer and provide specific examples.

I think the global economy is more closely related to the dependency theory because core nations exploit peripheral and semi-peripheral nations. More and more the world is starting to realize the importance of sustainability rather than personal gain. Though tasks are reduced in time by technology, these items often break, or can deliver incorrect information. While modernization is popular there is more push back than ever from peripheral and semi-peripheral countries. An example would be China because they have developed their economies to become a core nation.

Describe a social movement in the decline stage. What is its issue? Why has it reached this stage?

In the decline stage, people tend to fall away and adopt a new movement if the previous movement has reached its goal, or people have become bored with the issue.

Which of the following organizations is not an example of a social movement?

NFL

When sociologists think about technology as an agent of social change, which of the following is not an example?

Population growth

Think about a social movement industry dealing with a cause that is important to you. How do the different social movement organizations of this industry seek to engage you? Which techniques do you respond to? Why?

Social movement organizations seek to engage you with education present through typically forms of social media. If the topic is important and relates to me then I might click on it and engage, but typically I ignore all advertisements.

According to emergent-norm theory, crowds are:

able to develop their own definition of the situation

The protesters at the Egypt uprising rally were:

an acting crowd

expressive crowds

crowds who share opportunities to express emotions

revolutionary movements

movements that seek to completely change every aspect of society

conventional crowds

people who com together for a regular scheduled event

three forms of collective behavior and its three theories

- crowd, mass, public - emergent-norm perspective(social norms in a crowd behavior) - value-added theory - assembling perspective (focuses on collective action rather than collective behavior)

Core nations that work to propel peripheral nations toward modernization need to be aware of:

- preserving peripheral nation cultural identity - preparing for pitfalls that come with modernization - avoiding hegemonistic assumptions about modernization

Which of the following is an example of collective behavior?

A group of people interested in hearing an author speak

collective behavior

a noninstitutionalized activity in which several people voluntarily engage

NGO

nongovernmental organizations working globally for numerous humanitarian and environmental causes

resistance movements

those who seek to prevent or undo change to the social structure

When the League of Women Voters successfully achieved its goal of women being allowed to vote, they had to undergo frame __________, a means of completely changing their goals to ensure continuing relevance.

transformation

Discuss the differences between an acting crowd and a collective crowd. Give examples of each.

An acting crowd focuses on a specific goal like a riot or protest movement. Collective crowds are a noninstitutionalized activity in which people volunteer to engage. An example of a collective crowd would be a flash mob.

social movement

a purposeful organized group hoping to work toward a common social goal

diagnostic framing

the social problem that is stated in a clear, easily understood manner

Sociologists using conflict perspective might study what?

What motivates inequitably treated people to join a movement

Can you think of a time when your behavior in a crowd was dictated by the circumstances? Give an example of emergent-norm perspective, using your own experience.

When Hurricane Matthew hit my house two years ago we decided to stay in Charleston, even though everyone was highly advised to evacuate. The stressful situation made individuals reaction in a way they felt reasonable, though it may not be normal if the situation was stable.

motivational framing

a call to action

emergent norm theory

a perspective that emphasizes the importance of social norms in crowd behavior

assembling perspective

a theory that credits individuals in crowds as behaving as rational thinkers and views crowds as engaging in purposeful behavior and collective action

resource mobilization theory

a theory that explains social movements' success in terms of their ability to acquire resources and mobilize individuals

public

an unorganized, relatively diffuse group of people who share ideas

China is undergoing a shift in industry, increasing labor specialization and the amount of differentiation present in the social structure. This exemplifies:

modernization

reform movements

movements that seek to change something specific about the social structure

religious/redemptive movements

movements that work to promote inner change or spiritual growth in individuals

casual crowds

people who share close proximity without really interacting

A boy throwing rocks during a demonstration might be an example of

precipitating factors

If a movement claims that the best way to reverse climate change is to reduce carbon emissions by outlawing privately owned cars, "outlawing cars" is the ________.

prognostic framing

If we divide social movements according to their positions among all social movements in a society, we are using the __________ theory to understand social movements.

resource mobilization

While PETA is a social movement organization, taken together, the animal rights social movement organizations PETA, ALF, and Greenpeace are a __________.

social movement industry

alternative movements

social movements that limit themselves to self-improvement changes in individuals

prognostic framing

social movements that state a clear solution and a means of implementation

four things that impact social change the most

technology, population, environment, and social institutions. A change in one area can leads to changes in others. Modernization is a typical result of social change

social change

the change in a society created through social movements as well as through external factors like environmental shifts or technological innovations

social movement sector

the multiple social movement industries in a society, even if they have widely varying constituents and goals

crowdsourcing

the process of obtaining needed services, ideas, or content by soliciting contributions from a large group of people

Imagine you are at a rally protesting nuclear energy use. Walk us through the hypothetical rally using the value-added theory, imagining it meets all the stages.

1. structural conduciveness, which occurs when people are aware of the problem and have the opportunity to gather 2. Structural strain, the second condition, refers to people's expectations about the situation at hand being unmet, causing tension and strain. 3. growth and spread of a generalized belief, wherein a problem is clearly identified and attributed to a person or group. 4. precipitating factors spur collective behavior; this is the emergence of a dramatic event 5. mobilization for action, when leaders emerge to direct a crowd to action 6. social control, it is the only way to end the collective behavior episode assassination of Micheal Brown. 1. large group of mostly black people gather to protest 2. community believed police weren't acting in the people's interest causing strain 3. police tried to break up protest which lead more people to believe the police had done something 4. arrival of the police spurred greater collective behavior 5. they mobilized by assembling a parade down the street 6. tear gas and other weapons were used in attempt to control the protests

Discuss the differences between a mass and a crowd. What is an example of each? What sets them apart? What do they share in common?

A crowd is a relatively large number of people in close proximity. A mass crowd is a large number of people with a common interest, even though they may not be in close proximity. An example of a mass crowd are the players of the video game Fortnight. An example of a crowd is tailgating at an Auburn game. A crowd is a large group of people in close proximity, while a mass crowd is a large group of people that don't have to be in close proximity because they are still connected. They both require a large number of people that share a common interest.

Consider one of the major social movements of the twentieth century, from civil rights in the United States to Gandhi's nonviolent protests in India. How would technology have changed it? Would change have come more quickly or more slowly? Defend your opinion.

If technology was more present change would have come much sooner because of the easy access to connect.

Do you think that modernization is good or bad? Explain, using examples.

Modernization is good because it allows more access to education and time saving benefits. Though tasks are reduced in time by technology, these items often break, or can deliver incorrect information. It's not always good though because it assumes poorer nations can have access to these resources. This assumption can lead to lack of clean water, sanitation, and food. A parallel relationship can be correlated with more modernization the world becomes more polluted. We are now recognizing these issues and utilizing technology to try and reverse these effects, but there is a great potential that it may already be too late.

value-added theory

a functionalist perspective theory that posits that several preconditions must be in place for collective behavior to occur

mass

a relatively large group with a common interest, even if they may not be in close proximity

social movement organization

a single social movement group

new social movement theory

a theory that attempts to explain the proliferation(rapid increase in numbers) of postindustrial and postmodern movements that are difficult to understand using traditional social movement theories

acting crowds

crowds of people who are focused on a specific action or goal

In addition to social movements, social change is also caused by technology, social institutions, population and ______.

environment

Social movements are:

the collective action of individuals working together in an attempt to establish new norms beliefs, or values

Children in peripheral nations have little to no daily access to computers and the Internet, while children in core nations are constantly exposed to this technology. This is an example of:

the digital divide

modernization

the process that increases the amount of specialization and differentiation of structure in societies

frame alignment process

using bridging, amplification, extension, and transformation as an ongoing and intentional means of recruiting participants to a movement