sociology chapter 5
Which type of leaders downplay their own power, letting group members function more or less on their own?
Laissez-faire leaders
Max Weber argued that formal organizations were efficient, but he cautioned that they can have harmful effects on people. As he saw it, what is the danger?
Organizations create alienation.
Which of the following is every society's most important primary group?
The family
Charles Cooley referred to a small social group whose members share personal and enduring relationships as
a primary group.
A "triad" is
a social group with three members.
Robert Michels referred to the rule of the many by the few as
an oligarchy
A social group toward which a person feels competition or opposition is
an out-group
Imagine you are watching several dozen passengers sitting in an airport gate area waiting to board a plane. These people are an example of a
crowd
A social group with only two members is called a
dyad
The tendency of bureaucratic organizations to perpetuate themselves in order to keep going is called bureaucratic
inertia.
A secondary group is a social group that
is impersonal and engages in some specific activity.
Simmel described the dyad as
less stable than groups with many members.
The concept "social media" refers to
technology that links people in social activity
The success story of the McDonald's organization explains
that the organizational principles of McDonald's have come to dominate our social life.
U.S. business organizations differ from those a century ago because
today's organizations use more competitive work teams.
Which type of social group commands a member's esteem and loyalty?
An in-group
You are part of a task force with a group leader who has a distant relationship with the group members and who is concerned with getting the job done. Which type of leader does your task force have?
An instrumental leader
Which type of leader encourages everyone in a group to have a say in what happens?
Democratic leader
The scientific management approach was developed by
Frederick Taylor
According to the findings of Solomon Asch
many people are willing to compromise their own judgment to avoid being seen as different by others
During the last 50 years, Japanese formal organizations have differed from those in the United States by being
more collective in their orientation
Stanley Milgram's research, in which subjects used a "shock generator," showed
people are surprisingly likely to follow the orders of not only real authority figures but also groups of ordinary individuals.
One of the traits Max Weber noted about bureaucracy was that it
provides workers with highly specialized jobs
The emergency room clerk who keeps a bleeding patient waiting while filling out lots of paperwork is a classic example of bureaucratic
ritualism
Assume you are one of many people assembled at a university graduation ceremony. The concept that best describes this gathering is a
secondary group.