sociology chapter 5

Which type of leaders downplay their own power, letting group members function more or less on their own?

Laissez-faire leaders

Max Weber argued that formal organizations were efficient, but he cautioned that they can have harmful effects on people. As he saw it, what is the danger?

Organizations create alienation.

Which of the following is every society's most important primary group?

The family

Charles Cooley referred to a small social group whose members share personal and enduring relationships as

a primary group.

A "triad" is

a social group with three members.

Robert Michels referred to the rule of the many by the few as

an oligarchy

A social group toward which a person feels competition or opposition is

an out-group

Imagine you are watching several dozen passengers sitting in an airport gate area waiting to board a plane. These people are an example of a

crowd

A social group with only two members is called a

dyad

The tendency of bureaucratic organizations to perpetuate themselves in order to keep going is called bureaucratic

inertia.

A secondary group is a social group that

is impersonal and engages in some specific activity.

Simmel described the dyad as

less stable than groups with many members.

The concept "social media" refers to

technology that links people in social activity

The success story of the McDonald's organization explains

that the organizational principles of McDonald's have come to dominate our social life.

U.S. business organizations differ from those a century ago because

today's organizations use more competitive work teams.

Which type of social group commands a member's esteem and loyalty?

An in-group

You are part of a task force with a group leader who has a distant relationship with the group members and who is concerned with getting the job done. Which type of leader does your task force have?

An instrumental leader

Which type of leader encourages everyone in a group to have a say in what happens?

Democratic leader

The scientific management approach was developed by

Frederick Taylor

According to the findings of Solomon Asch

many people are willing to compromise their own judgment to avoid being seen as different by others

During the last 50 years, Japanese formal organizations have differed from those in the United States by being

more collective in their orientation

Stanley Milgram's research, in which subjects used a "shock generator," showed

people are surprisingly likely to follow the orders of not only real authority figures but also groups of ordinary individuals.

One of the traits Max Weber noted about bureaucracy was that it

provides workers with highly specialized jobs

The emergency room clerk who keeps a bleeding patient waiting while filling out lots of paperwork is a classic example of bureaucratic

ritualism

Assume you are one of many people assembled at a university graduation ceremony. The concept that best describes this gathering is a

secondary group.