sociology chapter 7
which of the following is an example of negative informal sanction
Beatrix being booed off stage after telling an offensive joke during comedy
which theorist studied the power elite and the influence they had over society
C. Write mills
Ally's father was sent to prison when she was 12 for the trafficking of narcotics; her brother was arrested when she was 13 for possession of methamphetamines. By the age of 18, Ally has been arrested three times for possession of marijuana. Which theory best describes Ally's experience? a. Differential association theory b. Strain theory c. Labeling theory d. Opaque theory
Differential association
strain theory
Robert Merton's theory that deviance occurs when a society does not give all of its members equal ability to achieve socially acceptable goals
the term crime can be defined as
a behavior that violates official law and is punishable through formal sanctions
social order
a group's usual and customary social arrangements, on which its members depend and on which they base their lives
what is the difference between a violent crime and a hate crime
a hate crime is based on religion or characteristics
negative sanction
a punishment or the threat of punishment used to enforce conformity
positive sanction
a reward or positive reaction for following norms, ranging from a smile to a material reward
Social Disorganization Theory
a theory that asserts crime occurs in communities with weak social ties and the absence of social control
cultural deviance theory
a theory that suggests conformity to the prevailing cultural norms of lower-class society causes crime
the term deviance can be defined as
a violation of established norms
strain theory
addresses the relationship between having socially acceptable goals and having acceptable means to reach those goals
social control
attempts by society to regulate people's thoughts and behavior
Travis Hirschi
control theory
Bernie Madoff, recently sentenced to 150 years in prison for creating a ponzi scheme which caused clients to lose millions of dollars, engaged in which form of crime? a. Street crime b. Corporate crime c. Violent crime d. Institutional crime
corporate crime
Clifford Shaw and Henry McKay
cultural deviance theory
Edwin sutherland
differential association theory
In first grade, Scott is unfairly singled out by his teacher for bad behavior, partly because his older brothers had behavioral problems themselves. Throughout grade school, Scott gains a reputation as a "problem" child. Scott eventually drops out of school, thinking he was born to fail anyway. Which school of thought best fits Scott's experience? a. Strain theory b. Control theory c. Differential association d. Labeling theory
labeling theory
functionalist Emile Durkheim believed some deviance within society Was
necessary, it challenged peoples views
Jake receives a promotion at his law firm after winning an important case. This is an example of a: a. Positive informal sanction b. Negative informal sanction c. Positive formal sanction d. Negative formal sanction
positive formal sanction
informal sanctions
rewards or punishments that can be applied by most members of a group
formal sanctions
sanctions imposed by persons given special authority
Robert Merton
strain theory
secondary deviance
subsequent acts of rule breaking that occur after primary deviance and as a result of your new deviant label and people's expectations of you
primary deviance
the first act of rule breaking that may incur a label of "deviant" and thus influence how people think about and act toward you
social control
the regulation and enforcement norms
control theory
theory that compliance with social norms requires strong bonds between individuals and society
differential association theory
theory that individuals learn deviance in proportion to number of deviant acts they are exposed to
the term secondary deviance can be defined as
when a persons self concept and behavior begin to change after his or her actions are labeled as deviant by members of society
