Sociology Chapter 9
pan-indianism
"I am a social and political movement that united culturally distinct Native American nations to work together on issues that affect all Native Americans.
anti-semitism
"I am discrimination and prejudice against Jews."
environmental racism
"I am racial bias in environmental policies and practices such as targeting minority communities as sites for toxic waste disposal and polluting industries."
white ethics
"We were immigrants from the mostly Catholic countries of Ireland, Italy, France, and Poland who entered the United States in great numbers during the 1800s and 1900s."
self-fulfilling prophecy
A _________________ is a prediction that results in behavior that makes the prediction come true.
ethnic cleansing
A policy that combines population transfer and extermination is a policy of __________________.
racism
At times, prejudicial beliefs can take the form of ____________, or the belief that one's own race or ethnic group is naturally superior to other races or ethnic groups.
cultural pluralism
In a society that practices _____________, each group within society keeps its unique cultural identity.
genocide
In the largest ____________ in world history, the Nazis attempted to exterminate the entire Jewish population of Europe.
segregation
Policies that physically separate a minority group from the dominant group are referred to as segregation.
Asian Africans
The earliest of these Americans to arrive were from China and Japan
scapegoating
The practice of placing the blame for one's troubles on an innocent individual or group is called ________________.
Arab Americans
These Americans are from nations like Egypt, Iraq, Lebanon, Morocco, Palestine, and Syria
Native Americans
These Americans are the descendants of the inhabitants of the Americas.
Jewish Americans
These Americans differ from other ethnic groups in that many focus their identity on their religion
African Americans
These Americans have been uniquely shaped by slavery, discrimination, and segregation
white ethics
These Americans trace their heritage to the mainly Catholic countries of Ireland, Italy, France, and Poland
Hispanic Americans
Theses Americans trace their heritage to Spain or Spanish-speaking Latin America
We say we believe in something (ex. freedom) but don't act in that way
What is the so-called American dilemma, as identified by Swedish sociologist Gunnar Myrdal in 1944?
institutionalized discrimination
When discrimination and inequality become a part of the social structure to the extent that they become self-perpetuating, this is called _____________.
prejudice
While discrimination involves actions, ____________ refers to the attitudes that one group holds toward other groups.
cultural pluralism
With peaceful relations between its three main ethnic groups- French, German, and Italian- Switzerland is a model of _________________.
assimilation
_______________ is the blending of culturally distinct groups into a single group with a common culture and identity.
race
a category of people who share observable physical characteristics and whom others see as being a distinct group
minority group
a group of people who, because of their physical characteristics or cultural practices, are singled out and unequally treated
stereotype
an oversimplified, exaggerated, or unfavorable generalization about a group of people
prejudice
an unsupported generalization about a category of people
discrimination
denial of equal treatment to individuals based on their group membership
arbitrary
determined by personal preference, notion, or whim
institutionalized discrimination
discrimination that is an outgrowth of the structure of society
legal discrimination
discrimination that is upheld by the law
ethnic group
people who share a common cultural background and a common sense of identity
dominant group
the group that possesses the ability to discriminate by virtue of its greater power, privilege, and social status
ethnicity
the set of cultural characteristics that distinguishes one group from another
