Sociology Chapter 9

"Welfare queen" is an insulting term for a woman who is accused of cheating the government by collecting welfare payments. There is no "welfare king" insult. What sociological truth is contained in the phrase "welfare queen"?

The use of the word "queen" reminds us that women are more likely than men to live in poverty.

The textbook's examples of "third genders" like "two-spirit" people and hijras demonstrate that

sex and gender in some non-Western cultures defy the binary classification of male and female.

From an interactionist perspective, the MOST important way that schools socialize children into their gender identities is

through interactions between teachers and students.

A three-year-old boy scrapes his knee while playing in his backyard and immediately begins to cry. In response, his father walks over to him and says, "Don't be a sissy; boys don't cry." This is an example of

gender role socialization.

Which of the following is an example of how teachers treat boys and girls differently in a classroom setting?

Boys are more likely than girls to be punished for misbehaving.

Previously, bank teller positions were almost all occupied by men. Today most bank tellers are women. What could explain this shift?

Changes in technology made the work easier and less important, which drove down the wages and prestige accorded to the job.

You are observing children on an elementary school playground. Why might you find some girls playing sports with boys, but almost no boys playing jump rope with girls?

Children are mocked by their peers for crossing gender lines, and boys are mocked more than girls.

American anthropologist Margaret Mead spent much of her career documenting the ways in which other cultures had gender roles that differed, sometimes radically, from those of twentieth-century America. Why does this matter?

It shows that the meaning of masculinity and femininity differs in different societies.

Authors often use words or phrases such as "mankind" to refer to large groups that include both male and female members. Sociologists and feminists argue that this is an example of the use of sexist language. What does this tell us about the relationship between language and culture?

Language shapes culture, so using gender-neutral language facilitates social change.

Which of the following is true regarding gendered occupations?

Men outnumber women in occupations with more prestige and higher salaries.

For most sociologists, what is the difference between sex and gender?

Sex is biological; gender is social.

How do the incomes of single fathers compare with those of single mothers?

Single fathers make considerably more money than single mothers.

A person's self-conception of being male or female based on their association with masculine or feminine gender roles can be defined as

gender identity.

Textbooks often still contain sexist language and gender stereotypes. In the social structure of the school itself, women tend to be concentrated at the lower levels, as teachers and aides, while men tend to occupy upper-management and administrative positions. Which concept do these patterns MOST reinforce?

gender role socialization