sociology chapters 9-16

how do edward laumann's 1994 findings about sexual activity differ from those of alfred kinsey's research in the 1950s

?

identify one of the major reasons why more educated people tend to be healthier and live longer than those who are less educated

?

U.S. military spending

accounted for 35 percent of total world military spending in 2017

what is one major hurdle faced by efforts to address environment degradation caused by consumption

addressing environmental degradation would require people living in wealthy countries to consume fewer goods and services?

industrial development in the north of the united states, combined with the mechanization of agriculture in the south, produced a progressive movement of ______northward starting at the beginning of the twentieth century

african americans

which group has lived in the united states longer than all other immigrant groups besides anglo saxons, yet faces the segregation and poverty that was only a transitional phase for the other groups

african americans

premodern systems of production were mainly based on

agriculture

amal and bridget both work in the same company; amal is a full time worker, and bridget is a temporary worker. based on this information, which of the following statements is most likely to be true

amal is covered by medical insurance from the company, but bridget is not

the term religious economy refers to

an approach that sees religions as organizations in competition with one another for followers

theories of natural difference are often grounded in

animal behavior evidence

april is a woman, and jack is a man. which of the following statements is true

april is more likely to live longer than jack is

according to the textbook, in navajo culture, the nadleehi, male bodied people with feminine natures

are considered especially honorable

most people infected with human immunodeficiency virus HIV and acquired immune deficiency syndrome AIDS

are heterosexual

the majority of nonmarital births

are to women in cohabiting relationships

the centrally and marginality of global cities geography refers to

areas of enormous affluence and acute poverty residing side by side with minimal interaction

theorists who believe in the social construction of gender

argue that both gender and sex are socially constructed

until the first few decades of the nineteenth century, most of the world's population had no schooling whatsoever. according to the textbook, why did universal education develop

as the industrial economy rapidly expanded, there was a great demand for specialized schooling that could produce an educated, capable workforce

which of the statements below best characterizes asian american families

asian american family and friend networks often pool money to help their members start a business or buy a house

which of the following statements concerning black and white families is true

blacks are less likely ever to marry than whites

according to william julius wilson, the growth of an urban underclass is largely due to

blue collar manufacturing industries moving out of urban areas?

according to the U.S. census, are people with origins in the middle east and north africa white

both middle easterners and north africans are white

the communities that are most likely to be food deserts are

both rural areas and poor urban neighborhoods

sociiologist eduardo bonilla-silva argues that

by attempting to act as if race does not exist, white perpetuate inequalities

between 1915 and 1923 more than a million armenians were killed by the ottoman turkish government. this is an example of

genocide

in the 1980s, williamsburg, brooklyn, was a predominantly latino and black area of new york city, but since the mid-1990s, landlords have pushed out long-time tenants, renovated buildings, and rented out units for dramatically higher prices. this process is called

gentrification?

corporations are increasingly stateless, loyal to no country. this is an element of

global capitalism

the most far reaching economic influence on social change has been

global capitalism

saskai sassen developed which terem to refer to urban centers that are home to the headquarters of transnational corporations and have an abundance of financial, technological, and consulting services

global cities

karachi-----the largest city in pakistan----began to run out of water. according to your textbook, this example best illustrates

global climate change, in combination with urbanization, can have deadly consequences

in a knowledge based economy, many industrial workers have been left unemployed and without the skills required to find good jobs. according to the textbook, this is due to

global trade and new forms of technology

a nation's head of state is struggling to maintain their political power in the face of increasingly deterritorialized economic power. according to william robinson, the challenge their leadership is largely driven by is

globalization

the process in which the problems of social life become defined and treated like medical conditions is called

medicalization

what is the relationship between living standards and postdivorce situations

men who were contributing more than 80 percent to family income prior to divorce tend to experience an improvement in their living standards after divorce

which groups is MOST likely to adopt a more flexible, humanistic approach to religious practice

methodists

which of the following hispanic groups is the largest

mexican americans

a disadvantage group that is separated from the dominant group by their distinct physical or cultural characteristics is known as

minority group

what is the one advantage of proportional respresentation over winner take all electoral process

minority political parties have a say

a form of marriage in which each married partner is allowed only one spouse at any given time is called

monogamy

which of the following statements concerning the american family in the past is true

more than half of all children saw the death of at least one parent by the time they were 21 years old during the colonial era

which of the following statements best describes american families in the colonial era

more than half of all children saw the death of at least one parent by the time they were twenty one years old

recent studies on children of divorce derived from population based samples find that

most children adjust without serious problems within two years of the separation

which of the following statements concerning afhanistan and the bacha posh, daughters transformed into sons is true

most of the time, a bacha posh returns to womanhood when the child enters puberty

which of the following statements best reflects the relationship between the internet and democratization in the united states

most people get their news and information from internet sources that reinforce their beliefs

while recent protests and revolutions, such as the arab spring and ukrainian revolutions, were fueled by grievances that ignited traditional social movements, these modern movements were facilitated by

the rise of the internet and popular use of various social media websites

which of the following best describes the changes in household size throughout the history of the united states

the nuclear family seems to have long been preeminent

most public health experts believe that obesity is a problem caused by

the obesogenic environment

betty friedan, in her widely read book, the feminine mystique, refers to "the problem with no name". what is this phrase referring to

the oppressive nature of a domestic life bound up with child care and domestic drudgery

according to willard waller, who has the most power in a romantic relationship

the partner who is least committed to the romantic relationship

what is a trend that is occurring in the catholic church

the percent of catholics in the united states that are hispanic is growing

which statement best characterizes the nature of work today

the reality for most is that regular paid work remains the key to day to day survival

identify which of the following rights is a social right

the right to earn a minimum wage

why have some sociologists criticized talcott parsons notion of the sick role

the sick role fails to explain illnesses that do not necessarily lead to a suspension of normal activity

which perspective in the globalization debate argues that regionalization within the world economy produces less integration and that national governments continue to play a vital role in the economy

the skeptics

which of the following statements is true, according to C Wright Mills in the Power Elite

the social backgrounds of those in leading positions in society are highly unrepresentative of the population as a whole??

which of the following is a change related to the creation of a worldwide movement toward the predominance of the nuclear family and the breakdown of extended family systems and other types of kinship groups

the spread of the idea of romantic love

which of the following statements concerning minority groups is true

the term refers to political power and is not simply a numerical distinction

which perspective in the globalization debate takes a middle position and sees many old patterns persisting while the broader global order is transforming in a dynamic process that is open to influence and change

the transformalionalists

the textbook defines social change as

the transformation of the social institutions and culture of a society over time

in which country does universal health coverage not exist

the united states

the united nations ranks countries according to a measure of gender inequality called the gender inequality index. of the countries listed below, which country ranked the worst in 2015

the united states

when jorge first moved to chicago from his small, rural town in california, he ound it hard to meet new people. back home in his small town, people often said hello to each other on the street, and he knew the names of most of the people who lived there. however, in chicago people rarely made eye contact with him on the street. according to louis wirth, jorge was experiencing

the urban interaction problem

the decline in jobs in the manufacturing industries in the urban united states coincided with an increase in jobs in

the white collar service industry

according to globalization skeptics, compared with patterns of trade a century ago today

the world economy is less global and more reionalized

most of the people leaving rural areas represent

the younger population

what has been happening to the life expectancy of working class whites throughout the late twentieth and early twenty first centuries

their life expectancy is decreasing

in 2014, 1.9% of the U.S. population identified as jewish. why might this statistic be misleading

there are multiple reasons why someone might identify or not identify as jewish

which of the following is a trend related to cohabiting

there has been an increase in the rate at which unmarried women begin cohabiting with their partners once they find out they are pregnant

which of the following statements concerning single parent households is true

there is a high correlation between births outside marriage and indicators of poverty

according to the textbook, why are some men less likely to seek annual checkups

they are socialized to believe that men should be strong and self sufficient

what suggests that eating disorders and obesity reflect social factors more than biological factors

they are very recent health problems

why do critics of free trade claim that these policies are not the solution to poverty and global inequality

they argue that free trade largely benefits wealthy countries and exacerbates poverty in the global south

what is the role of interest groups, according to pluralist theories of modern democracy

they establish a balance of power

what is one of the major outcomes of institutional directorates, or linkages among corporations created by individuals who sit on two or more corporate boards

they reverse the process of increasing managerial control

what is more characteristic of majors dominated by women than majors dominated by men

they tend to be associated with caring and nurturing

which of the following statements best represents a feminist understanding of the family

women invest large amounts of emotional labor in maintaining personal relationships

Judy and her female colleagues are financial advisers at a bank. their employer gave higher profile and more profitable clients to male colleagues, leading to bigger annual bonus and more rapid ascents up the corporate ladder. what is the most likely for why women such as judy and her colleagues hit a glass ceiling

women lack the sponsorship of well -placed, powerful senior colleagues

which of the following statements regarding gender and work is most accurate

women tend to hold different jobs than men, and typically work in women-dominated fields

a reversal in life expectancy has become a reality in recent years for

women with less education

which of the following statements best describes the changes that are occurring in the family's globally

womens and childrens rights are more widely recognized

what term refers to carrying out tasks that require mental and physical effort, with the objective of the production of goods and sources that cater to human needs

work

which of the following is a contributing factor to the increasing consumption of fast food

working parents

which of the following statements below best characterizes american households

young college graduates are moving back into their parents' homes in unprecedented numbers, as they face bleak job prospects

government programs helped fuel the raped increase of suburbanization in the united states during the

1950s and 1960s

in what year did the supreme court guarantee the right to marriage for all, including same sex couples

2015

according to jane jacobs, what circumstances would be most "safe" for city dwellers

a busy street with many shoppers, workers, and sightseers walking around

what explains the phenomenon of "aging in place" in rural areas

a decline in the population in rural areas, particularly among the young

a sociologist perspective that emphasizes the centrality of gender in analyzing the social world and particularly the uniqueness of women is known as

a feminist theory

according to the functionalist perspective, identify which of the following is an example of personality stabilization

a husband comforts his wife after she loses her job

rural areas in the united states have seen their populations decline because of

a lack of opportunities for young people

a socially and legally acknowledged and approved sexual union between two adults individuals is called

a marriage

the growth of jobs in the retail and food service service sector and the decline in manufacturing jobs is referred to as

a postindustrial society

which of the following methodological approaches to a research project on assimilation is a survey

a researcher distributes paper questionnaires to new immigrant children in high school

according to the textbook, in terms of people's working lives, globalization makes it more likely that an individual will experience

a self made career path, with several employment changes over his or her lifetime

sociologists define religion as

a set of beliefs adhered to the members of a community, incorporating symbols regarded with a sense of awe or wonder together with ritual practices

according to talcott parsons, what is an expectation associated with the sick role

a sick person should not be personally blamed for being ill

the twentieth century witnessed which of the following trends in industrialized societies

a significant increase in life expectancy

michelle is obese. as something that is devalued and labeled by society as undesirable, what term would sociologists apply to her obesity

a stigma

alfred kinsey's research, which began in the united states in the 1940s and 1950s, was surprising because it revealed

a tremendous discrepancy between prevailing public expectations of sexual behavior and actual sexual conduct

most sociologists accept that most of what we currently recognize as medicine is a consequence of developments in western society over the past three centuries. sociologists would include which of the following items among these developments

a trend toward seeing the origins and treatments of disease as physical and explicable in scientific terms?

variations in gender roles across cultures demonstrate that

gender roles are not biologically determined

which of the following factors decreases the likelihood that a person will get a divorce

being childless before marrying

which of the following scenarios best exemplifies the concept of the motherhood penalty

bernette is a dentist and mother of two who gets paid less than her childless female counterpart

black and hispanic populations have higher rates of mortality, unemployment, and levels of poverty. even so, hispanics have better than expected health, and blacks have lower than expected rates of depression. identify one of the psychosocial factors behind these practices

better social cohesion

paul has an enlarged prostate and is thus forced to go to the bathroom frequently. he is embarrassed by his condition and avoids telling others about the illness. when he goes out with his friends to dine and is asked why he leaves that table so often, he tells others that he is calling home to check on the children. what type of work, as defined by corbin and strauss, is paul incorporating

biographical work

which of corbin and strauss's types of work involves the process of incorporating an illness into one's life, making sense of it, and developing ways of explaining it to others

biographical work

which of the following statements best explains the role of biology in describing the behavior patterns of men and women

biological differences are almost always exacerbated or fostered by social contexts and norms

some critics argue that women are not fit to be in leadership positions because of their gender. which perspective are these critics exemplifying

biological essentialism

what has happened in recent years with respect to school segregation

black and white students are no more likely to be in the same classrooms that they were decades ago

alarming disparities in health and health care still exist among U.S. racial and ethnic groups. which group has the highest rate of hypertension

black men and women

what is one of the main reasons why african americans suffer a significantly higher rate of HIV/AIDS infections than all other groups in the united states

blacks are far less likely to have access to available antiretroviral treatments

according to the theory of alienation, how does the division of labor alienate human beings from thier work

by giving workers little control over their jobs, only contributing a fraction to the creation of the overall product

which of the following is a factor in explaining why divorce rates increased so steeply in the 1960s and 1970s

changes in the law made getting a divorce easier

according to the textbook, the government of which country attempted to control the flow of internet based information to citizens by creating the "great firewall"

china

kheim was born a male and identifies as a male. kheim would be considered

cisgender

according to the hyperglobalizers, what is the consequences of national governments' inability to address global financial market instability and environmental problems

citizens lose faith in existing systems of government

american society has a strong set of noneconomic institutions people socialize and interact in during their daily lives, such as the family, community associations and schools. due to these interactions, sociologists suggest that the united states has a strong

civil society

new social movements are the heart of ________________ which is the sphere between the state and the marketplace occupied by family, community associations and other noneconomic institutions

civil society

according to the textbook, the term used to describe two persons living together in a sexual relationship of some permanence, without being married to one another, is

cohabitation

Joan shoved her husband, Jack, while in a heated argument about buying a new car. The argument was not rooted in power or control. Michael Johnson would call this type of intimate partner violence

common couple violence

the rapid development and diffusion of ____________ technologies, which have changed the so-called compression of time and space, have made the biggest contribution to accelerating and deepening the process of globalization

communication

which of the following is an example of the cultural factors that might influence social change

communication systems

why do religious economist believe that competition among secular viewpoints and many religions leads to increased participation in religion in modern societies

competition make each religious group try harder to win followers, and the presence of numerous religions means that there is likely to be something for just about everyone

in recent years, participants in social movements have shown an ability to do something that is particularly worrisome to oppressive governments. this is the ability to

coordinate international political campaigns by using the internet

why are U.S. employers increasingly relying on part time and temporary workers

corporations save money by using part time and temporary workers

which of the following statements best represents variation in racial and ethnic identification across countries

countries base racial and ethnic categorization on different traits, including skin color, cultural group membership, regional origin and religion

which of the following findings, if discovered, would lend support for the religious economy perspective

countries that contain a greater number of religions represented among its population also have populations with a higher average religiosity

straight couples tend to revert to traditional roles, with women as lower earners, bearing the brunt of stereotypical female chores. how do same sex couples tend to compare

couples assign chores based on personal choice

what did margaret mead find in her study of three new guinea societies describes in Sex and Temperament in 3 primitive societies

gender roles varied widely between tribes

william julius wilson has argued that for the united states to bridge the black white gap in inequality, the federal government would need to

create massive numbers of jobs

tatsuki is applying for a job that requires a bachelor's degree that thirty years ago required only a high school diploma. this example illustrates the growing impact of

credentialism

in 2014, afghanistan had thirty four live births per one thousand people. this number is known as

crude birth rate

unlike other latino immigrants, these immigrants were mainly educated people from white collar and professional backgrounds

cubans

asian american families historically have been characterized by an interdependence among members of the extended family. some sociologists attribute this to

cultural beliefs related to filial piety that exist in asian american families

people from societies that keep written records are able to develop a better sense of their societies' evolution and how these processes are connected to social change. according to your textbook, this illustrates how social change is influenced by

cultural factors

some sociologists worry that globalization is leading to the creation of a global culture where the values of the most powerful and affluent overwhelm the strength of local customs and tradition. this process is called

cultural imperialism

the formula used to calculate the doubling time of a population is 70 divided by the

current growth rate

who would MOST likely believe that strengthening the black family is the solution to racial inequality

daniel patrick moynihan

demographers study population patterns. if a demographer were going to study the population changes in a country which of the following would he or she examine

deaths

the increase in life expectancy has been most significantly influenced by

declining infant death rates

developed countries that have already undergone the demographic transition are going to experience a growth in the number of older people relative to younger people. this is called the

dependency ratio

a white man places a rental property he owns on craigslist to rent it out for the next year. he receives two very promising applications from individuals who both are college educated and hold well paying jobs. he decides not to rent his house to the first applicant simply because he is arab american and rents it to the second applicant, who is white. what is this scenario an example of

discrimination

one of the major barriers to the treatment of the HIV and AIDS epidemic worldwide is

discrimination against people living with these infections

feelings of hostility or anger against objects that are not the real origin of those anxieties is called

displacement

feelings of hostility or anger directed against objects that are not the real origin of those anxieties is called

displacement

globalization and information technology have made it more likely that people will work from home, share jobs with other employees, work on short term consulting projects, and work in a system of flextime. these patterns are examples of how globalization has

dissolved standard pattern of full time work

tracking is the practice of

dividing students into groups that receive different instruction on the basis of perceived ability

steve's job is to install the left side door handles as the car bodies move along the assembly line. what term would sociologists use to describe the specialization of steve's work task

division of labor

how does the idea of "doing gender" differ from biological essentialism

doing gender focuses on how gender is a role that people perform, while biological essentalism sees gender as innate

according to the textbook, those critical of the world trade organization's policies claim the organization is

dominated by the world's richest countries

which statement best characterizes the textbook's assessment of the trump presidency

donald trump's presidency is seen as a new era of overt racism

which of the following examples is representative of social change through culture

dr. martin luther king jr. led a movement for social change based on the tenets of liberation theology

Juli is a sixteen year old female high school student. which of the following scenarios most likely describes her experiences in school

during class, teachers are more likely to solicit information from boys than from juli

Why did Emile Durkheim believe that religion was useful for human societies?

durkheim argued that religion has the function of cohering a society by ensuring that people meet regularly to affirm common beliefs and values

instead of the natural curbs to population growth suggested by malthusianism, demographic transition theory argues that population growth is related to and controlled by

economic development

emma notices how people could not survive in the modern world by themselves because they simply do not have the knowledge to carry out certain basic tasks, such as growing food. the process that emma notices is known to sociologists as

economic interdependence

identify the statement about education that aligns with functionalist theory

education must teach the citizens of a nation the common tools necessary to succeed in that nation, such as language, literacy, and math

emma believes religious ceremonies and rituals are essential to unifying the members of groups. her view most closely resembles that of

emile durkehim

Adhira thinks that religion serves a function in society by cohering social groups under some common ideas and morals. Her views most closely resemble those of:

emile durkeim

according to samuel bowles and herbert gintis 1976, what brought about the expansion of education

employers needed certain personality characteristics in their workers---self discipline, dependability, punctuality, obedience, and the like-which are all taught in schools

_____ refers to a type of social identity related to ancestry (perceived or real) and cultural differences which become effective or active in certain contexts.

ethnicity

Child-care work is considered "women's work," and construction work is considered "men's work." Child-care workers generally make less than construction workers. This situation exemplifies:

gender typing

ethan is a white man who has scottish ancestry and wore a kilt to his wedding. in most aspects of his life, however, being scottish american has not meaningful impact on his day to day life. this example illustrates that

ethnicity is a choice for whites in the united states

which group is MOST likely to vote for trump

evangelical protestants

many sociologists argue that large numbers of americans are dissatisfied with the U.S. political system today because

even though capitalist economies have proved to generate more wealth than any other type of economic system, that wealth is unevenly distributed

what factors contributed to mahatma gandhi's success in campaigning to free india from british rule

events such as world war II had unsettled colonial institutions in india

rosie was diagnosed with chronic fatigue syndrome. she manages to keep up with her housework by dividing it into small tasks, resting between tasks. what type of work, as defined by corbin and strauss, is rosie incorporating

everyday work

population growth rates are

exponential

participation in new social movements is often seen as a _____________whereby participants make a statement about who they are

expressive logic

the functionalist sociologist Talcott Parsons used the term_____to refer to providing care and security to children and offering them emotional support

expressive role

in the past, humans experienced famine and floods, or ____________________;today because of globalization, humans now face ________________ created by the effects of our own knowledge and technology on the natural world

external risk; manufactured risk

a ______ is a group in which the individual's are related to one another by blood ties, marriage, or adoption and form an economic unit in which the adult members are responsible for the upbringing of children

family

amir has two biological brothers that he grew up with. his two brothers are members of his

family of orientation

suzanne has two biological sons that she raised from birth. her two sons are members of her

family of procreation

which general perspective has been most concerned with the domestic division of labor, unequal power relationships, and caring activities in the family

feminism

which theoretical perspective is most likely to agree with the following statement. "contemporary couples are seeking to be more symmetrical, but in reality men do not perform their share of the housework

feminism

a sociological perspective that emphasizes the centrality of gender in analyzing the social world and particularly the uniqueness of women is known as

feminist theory

in 2014, women of childbearing age in afghanistan had an average of 4.8 live born children per one thousand women of childbearing age. this number is known as

fertility

joe lives in a neighborhood where the grocery stores there rarely sell fresh or low cost produce. neighborhoods like joe are known as

food deserts

kai, a boy born in louisiana, is likely to be treated a specific way because of his gender starting at what age

from the moment he is born

rafael is a sociologist who thinks that illness can disrupt the normal flow of society. what school of sociology does he probably belong to

functionalist

_____refers to the psychological, social, and cultural differences between women and men

gender

which statement best describes the functionalist perspective on gender

gender differences contribute to social stability and integration

in the united states, men generally have more status, power, and presitige than women. this is an example of

gender inequality

samantha is a researcher who studies economic change. her work shows clearly how forces of worldwide economic competition are changing the nature of the work we do. what term do sociologists use to describe the process she studies

globalization

the increasing influence people, organizations, and events around the world have on our lives is known as

globalization

according to transformationalists, globalization is a dynamic and open process that is subject to influence and change. which attribute is associated with this view

globalization is a decentered and self aware process characterized by links and cultural flows that work in a multidimensional way

which of the following is the best example of a transnational corporation

gooden, brogan, cangas, and romero, a law firm with two thousand employees in three countries

globalization is an uneven process, and because of this, the disparity between the developed world and the developing world is

greater than ever

in 1735, swedish botanist carolus linnaeus published a modern classification scheme of human populations. linnaeus assumed that each subgroup

had qualities of behavior or temperament that were innate and could not be altered

which of the following researchers could we categorize as a demographer

han rosling, who has written about africa's dramatic population increase

western attitudes toward sexual behavior

have rarely included the idea that sexual fulfillment can and should be sought through marriage

what is the reason why many sociologists argued that kozol's book fire in the ashes provides in inaccurate and incomplete view of educational equiality

he had no sytsematic way in which he chose the schools he studied, which allowed for selection bias

juliana is an american sociiologist whose research focuses on why some people are homosexual and others are not. according to the textbook, who do investigators like juliana devote such considerable time to research focused on this question

heterosexuality is considered the norm for most people in U.S. culture

according to stephanie coontz, why isn't the colonial family as idyllic as often portrayed

high death rates meant there was a great deal of family instability

the global south experiences high rates of population growth because of higher birth rates as well as

higher rates of internal migration

according to the textbook, paula england's study of the sexual behavior of college students revealed that

hookups are relatively rare for most college students, although the majority of senior have experienced at least one hook up

what do the bacha posh in afghanistan help sociologists better understand about gender

how gender in various societies is socially constructed

"between -school effects" refers to

how schools differ from one another

sigmund freud argued that

human sexual tastes vary widely at birth, and although they are curbed by society through socialization, they still remain significantly diverse through adulthood

according to the textbook, traditional attitudes toward sex currently exist alongside much more permissive attitudes, which develop widely and became openly public

in the 1960s

why did most countries largely abandon keynesian policies in the 1970s and 1980s

in the face of economic globalization, governments lost the ability to control economic life as they once had

primary schools began to be built in europe and the united states

in the nineteenth century

during which period were mexican workers admitted without much restriction

in the post world war 2 period up to the early 1960s

the 1964 civil rights act accomplished what

it outlawed the racial segregation of lunch counters and other public places

thomas matlhus was one of the first scholars to show concern for population growth. demographers, economists, politicians, sociologists, and others have continued to debate malthus's ideas for more than two hundred years, but many do not share his concern for the natural limits to population growth. which of the following modern advances challenged malthus's predictions

increases in food production due to new technologies such as machinery and genetics

in recent years, individuals have had an increased opportunity to shape their own lives. this phenomenon is known as

individualism

the declining influences of social class, gender, ethnicity, and other social categories best describes which process

individualism

which type of society would talcott parsons consider the conventional family most suitable for

industrial

in 2015, eighty seven babies per one thousand died before reaching one year of age. this figure is called the

infant mortality rate

wei babysits in exchange for a room in his friends house. what is the term that sociologists use to refer to this kind of transaction

informal economy

a postindustrial society is one based on the production of ___________ rather than material goods

information

according to the textbook, many contemporary social movements, such as the arab spring, rely heavily on

information technology

black drivers are more than twice as likely as white drivers to be searched during a vehicle stop (even after controlling for variables such as the reason the car was stopped), but they are found in possession of contraband 26 percent less often than white drivers. this difference is an example of

institutional racism

when speeding charges are made, blacks fare much worse when citations are issued on the basis of the officer's visual assessment rather than radar or laser. this is an example of

institutional racism

george is the breadwinner for his family. according to the functionalist sociologist talcott parsons, george is filling which role

instrumental role

one detailed review of nearly three dozen studies of student-teacher interactions found that

interactions with male students were more likely to be negative than those with female students

the urban ecology approach to urbanization emphasizes the -------of different city areas, with more dominant and influential groups occupying central areas of cities

interdependence

transformationalists depict globalization as a tension between international and transnational social forces. which is the most accurate description of what these social forces are

international forces refer to ways that nations may interact with and influence one another, such as through trade agreements, while transnational forces refer to ways that cultures and social thought diffuse across the world, such as the spread of social movements across regions within a short period of time

the growing influence of _____________has/have been among the political changes contributing to the intensification of globalization

international nongovernmental organizations

hilda is a british sociologist who studies gender. she researches the day to day lives of female garment workers in cambodia and concludes that the challenge facing working class cambodian women are very different from the challenges facing women in wealthy western nations. hilda's research underscores the importance of

intersectionality

What change in investment strategies has contributed to our economic system evolving into institutional capitalism, according to some analysts?

investors now bundle money into grouped accounts, and this money is then used to invest in several corporations

capitalism stimulates social change in an unprecedented way because it

involves the constant expansion of production

a political office is more likely to be considered "mans work" if the position

is based on politics further from home (state or federal)

what did max weber value most about multiparty democracy

it generated quality leadership

for which group are eating disorders MOST likely the lowest

women in urban areas of pakistan?

why are some sociologists critical of the religious economy approach to looking at religious involvement

it overestimates the extent to which people rationally choose among different religions, as if they were shopping for a new car or a pair of shoes

why do roughly half of all americans believe that government is too large

it partially reflects americans low level of trust in government

what is a criticism of the symbolic interactionist approach

it places too much emphasis on cooperation and consensus

sofia believes that differences in achievement test scores reflect the children's backgrounds, not the material resources provided in schools. her view most closely resembles the conclusions of which of the following studies

james coleman's studies on "between school effects"

during world war 2, ------were made to report to "relocation centers" which were effectively concentration camps

japanese americans

oliver thinks that religion provides justification for those in power to remain in power. his view most closely resembles that of

karl marx

members of the native american standing rock sioux tribe share history and bonds based on a common lineage of blood relatives. this form of relationship is also known as

kinship

kelly is an african american girl who suffers from obesity. she lives in a poor inner city neighborhood characterized as a food desert. which of the following factors is most likely to be a component causing her condition

lack of healthy food choices at school and home

the united states has a level of functional literacy that

lags behind most other industrial countries

more than 3/4 of the nearly 59 million immigrants admitted to the united states since 1965 have been from

latin america or asia

in 2017, among full time workers, which group has the lowest weekly earnings

latina women

what were the black codes

laws limiting the rights of blacks in the south after the civil war

fernando believes it is the responsibility of christians and the catholic church to be activists and advocates for the poor. this idea is referred to as

liberation theology

what does eric klinenberg conclude from his research on people who live alone

living alone can be a positive experience for the young and old

pierre is a canadian who lives in quebec. pierre feels more loyalty to his province, quebec, than to his country, canada. he prefers to speak the official language of quebec, french, although he speaks english equally well. pierre's feelings for quebec are an example of

local nationalism

janice hernandez is running for reelection at her political office. based on what you know about gender and electoral politics, which office or party is she most likely to be running for reelection

local office

the inner cities in the united states have decayed in the past fifty years. what reasons do sociologists give for this decline

manufacturing industries have disappeared and taken away many of the blue collar jobs for which lower class residents were qualified

the inner cities of the united states have decayed in the past fifty years. what reasons do sociologists give for this decline

manufacturing industries have disappeared and taken away many of the blue-collar jobs for which lower-class residents were qualified

automation has led to

many jobs being rendered obsolete

according to the textbook, which answer best explains why women are so often the target of sexual violence

many men believe that they are entitled to have sexual access if they already know the women

jose has been working on an assembly line in a U.S. car manufacturing factory for the past thirty years. which of the following trends is he most likely to have witnessed?

many of the activities that were formerly carried out in the plant have been outsourced to other countries

one reason for the increase in female labor force participation over the past fifty years is that

many women now postpone family formation to complete their education and establish themselves in the labor force

why was karl marx critical of religion

marx thought that religion represented human self-alienation

hugo notes in his research that religiously inspired movements have often produced dramatic, social transformations. his views most closely resemble those of

max weber

omar thinks that christianity demands a constant struggle against sin and so can stimulate revolt against the existing order. his views most closely resemble those of

max weber

the theorist who saw religion as having the potential to bring social change was

max weber

max's sexual orientation is homosexual. most sociologists would claim that

max's sexual orientation is the result of both biological and social influences

erica recently married jermain. jermain has a seventen year old daughter named arabia from a previous marriage. erica considers herself progressive while arabia considers herself conservative, and they often disagree over politics. how might a sociologist understand this dynamic

most stepchildren belong to two households, so the possiblities of ideological clashes are considerable

juan live mexico city, mexico. he loves to watch the world cup. he is especially pleased when mexico wins, and the mexican flag is waved. he feels pride in his country and in its heritage. what term would sociologists probably employ to explain his reactions

nationalism

malthusianism is the belief that population growth tends to outstrip expansion of food production and that population growth can only be controlled by

natural curbs on population, such as famine and war

according to the text book, what can we conclude about the patterns of segregation in the united states

neighborhood segregation remains especially high in metropolitan areas

according to the transformationalist perspective on globalization, the political structures of countries are adapting to challenges from

new forms of economic and social organizations

assimilation is when

new immigrant groups assume the attitudes and language of the dominant community

vanessa recently told her family and friends that she is homosexual. now she no longer hides the fact that her best friend, margaret, is also her partner. according to the textbook, which of the following is the result of people like vanessa coming out

new york city, san francisco, london, and other large metropolitan areas worldwide have large gay and lesbian communities

according to the textbook, capitalism began to spread with the growth of the industrial revolution in the

nineteenth century

which group among those listed below has the highest level of nonmarital fertility in the united states

non hispanic whites

Young Hee does not identify as male or female. young hee would most likely identify as

nonbinary

as the industrial economy rapidly expanded, why was it impossible to work shifts to be passed on directly from both parents to children

occupations became more specialized

presidents dwight david eisenhower, who had been supreme commander of the allied forces in europe in world war 2, warned in his presidential farewell address

of the dangers of what he termed the "military industrial complex"

according to the textbook, the united nations UN is an international organization that

often lacks the means to enforce its actions

when a minority member experiences a microaggression, they

often respond with silence, thought they experience the interaction as an insult

in mexico city, nearly 95 percent of the land has building on it. based on what you read about urbanization in the global south, mexico city is likely

one of the most polluted cities in the world

in 2016, a new york family court guaranteed married lesbian couples the right to participate in second parent adoptions. what does this mean

one parent adopts a child and the partner applies to be second or co-parent

which of the following countries has a higher crude health birth rate than the united states

pakistan

in studies of immigrant families, researchers found that

parents and children often must renegotiate their roles in unfamiliar contexts

which of the following statements accurately characterizes the health of black americans

patterns of physician visitation, hospitalization, and preventive medicine for blacks have improved

sarah is a college admissions officer who does not hold prejudicidal attitudes about hispanic people. she negatively evaluates a hispanic applicant because she has "no cultural flavor" in her application. this shows that

people who are not prejudiced can discriminate

which statement is most consistent with the textbook's conclusions about race

perhaps the single most significant race based explanation of black-white inequality is the restriction or segregation of blacks in physical space known as the ghetto

human adaptation to cold climates, global warming, and access to clean water are examples of which major factor influencing social change

physical environment

sophia subscribes to the theory that government policies in a democracy are influenced by the continual processes of bargaining among numerous groups representing different interests. sophia's ideas could best be described as

pluralist

it was common in ladakhi society for brothers to share one wife. this type of marriage is an example of

polyandry

-----has grown less common over time, due to multiple social and economic conditions, including increasing levels of democracy, a declining acceptance of arranged marriage, an increase in marriages based on a desire for love and companionship, and strides in the education and human rights protection afforded to women

polygymy

white collar workers are the most essential type of employee in a

postindustrial society

max weber argued that revolutions resulted from competition between different groups attempting to gain access to

power

steve believes that immigrants are more likely to be criminal than native born americans. he continues to hold this belief even though he learned in school that native born americans are more likely to commit crime than immigrants. steve's attitude is an example of

prejuidice

alisha learns the american norms of politeness from her parents. this learning is associated with which function of the family discussed by talcott parsons

primary socialization

which of the following terms refer to the family's role in raising a child, according to the functionalist perspective

primary socialization

which of the following terms refer to the familys role in raising a child, according to the functionalist perspective

primary socialization

in connie's family, bowls are just routine, everday parts of life. emile durkheim would refer to these objects as

profane

capitalistic societies share which of the following traits

profit as incentive

max weber believed that----was the source of the capitalistic outlook found in the modern west

protestantism

of the choices listed, which is a commonwealth of the united states

puerto rico

mia is able to do simple addition. she is demonstrating

quantitative literacy

because of differential treatment, Jasmine, a twelve year old girl, will likely be socialized to be

quiet

----- is a socially constructed category based on the belief in fundamental human differences associated with physical characteristics and ancestry

race

mexicans in cities like los angeles and san antonio end up living in segregated, high poverty communities in which institutions, such as schools, have inferior resources and foster low expectations of their students, this situation may facilitate the categorization of mexicans as a race. this process of categorization is known as

racialization

those who view the mexican american population as stagnating argue that mexicans are going through a process called

racialization

for most of the period of european expansion, europeans believed themselves to be superior to the people they colonized and conquered. this fits most closely with which of the following statements about racism

racist views distinguishing the descendants of europeans from those of africans became central to european racist attitudes

Joe hangs out with men who discuss women as if they were sexual objects. This makes him insensitive to the difference between consensual and nonconsensual sex. Which concept best explains this situation?

rape culture

this version of judaism rejects most traditional practices and is progressive in its ritual practices

reform judaism

consider a community that has elected a leader who has promised the revitalization of a declining employment sector. at first, there are some improvements in living conditions, and the citizens have been inspired and expect improvements in their lives. however, if those improvements slow down, the community may become frustrated and begin to revolt against this new leader. this dynamic is referred to as

relative deprivation

stephen thinks that the presence of numerous religions means that there is likely to be something for just about everyone. this view reflects the idea of

religious economy

some sociologists, such as mark juergensmeyer, argue that the biggest cultural conflicts in the twenty first century will be between those who believe that truth is derived from _________ versus those who believe it is derived from ______________

religious faith; science

the linking of strongly held religious convictions with beliefs about a people's social and political destiny is called

religious nationalism

which of the following explains the shift in society's views toward sex in the nineteenth century (the idea that masturbation could lead to blindness or that oral sex could cause cancer)

religious presumptions about sexuality were partly replaced by medical ones

which of the following statements is true regarding being single

research shows that people who live alone by choice, are no better or worse off than their partnered peers

a global "race to the bottom" is when

retailers and manufacturers go any place on earth to pay the lowest wages possible

John is an elementary school teacher who is encouraged by management to apply for the vacant principal position at his school. Even though there are equally qualified or more qualified female teachers, he is told he will get excellent recommendations. In this example, John is likely:

riding the glass escalator

according to your textbook, over the past 50 years womens participation in the paid labor forces has

risen continuously

why did max weber assume that direct democracy is impossible as a means of regular government is large scale societies

running a complex society demands expertise

according to your textbook, how have rural poverty rates compared to urban rates since 1960

rural poverty rates have been higher than urban rates

which of the following countries has the highest percentage of female members in its national legislature

rwanda

joe's family has a candle that they light for particular religious ceremonies. it is seen as a special object, apart from everyday life, that is the treated with special respect. emile durkeim would refer to this object as

sacred

emile durkheim defined religion in terms of a distinction between the ----- and the----

sacred; profane

immigrants are sometimes blamed for low wages. immigrants in this example can be considered a

scapegoat

which of the following positions do all schools of feminist thought share

women have an unequal position in society

a white applicant who was rejected by a prestigious university argues that she was not admitted because racial minorities were given special advantages in the application process. what term would be used to characterize her argument

scapegoating

journalist jonathan kozol notes in his 2012 book fire in the ashes that

schools that are just a few miles apart geographically offer vastly different educational opportunities

hassan's research shows a decline in religious belief and involvement among young people, weakening the social and political power of religious organizations. sociologists refer to t his process as

secularization

what is a characteristic of citizens in modern societies

seeing themselves as a member of a definite national political community

both urban and suburban neighborhoods are highly

segregated by race

in apartheid era south africa, laws forced blacks to live separately from whites and forbade sexual relations between races. this is an example of

segregation

which of the following scenarios is the best example of worker alienation according to marx's view

sergio works in a warehouse pulling products people have ordered from an online merchant to be shipped to them the next day. his accuracy and speed are closely monitored by his immediate supervisor, which he resents

recently, samuel's father was laid off from his job at the automobile part manufacturing plant wen it closed. samuel currently works at a local coffee shop while hi is finishing is college degree. the experiences of samuel and his father reflect an economic shirt toward a

service society

_____refers to physical differences of the body between males and females

sex

Mike davis noticed a "conscious hardening of the city surface against the poor" in his study of los angeles. he observed this process taking place through the presence of

short benches at bus stops

according to elijah anderson what happened to the poor residents in the philadelphia neighborhood he studied that became gentrified

short term improvements in social services were offset by rising taxes

according to functionalist theory, identify which of the following is a normative social expectation of the sick role

sick people are not held responsible for being sick

which of the following statements help explain why so many people decide not to vote in the united states

since winner take all election discourage the formation of third parties, voters may sometimes feel that they lack viable choices

fertility rates are often much lower than fecundity rates because

social and cultural practices limit the number of children women have

the transformation of the social institutions and culture of a society over time is called

social change

the average lower IQ of african americans in the united states is remarkably similar to that of deprived ethnic, minorities in other countries. this suggests that

social, cultural, and economic factors explain variations in IQ

the average lower IQ score of african americans in the united states is remarkably similar to that of deprived ethnic, minorities in other countries. this suggests that

social, cultural, and economic factors explain variations in IQ

according to the text book, why are sociologists interested in understanding gender from an intersectional perspective

sociologists recognize that gender alone does not shape our experience

are hispanics white or nonwhite

some hispanics are white and some hispanics are nonwhite

reducing population growth around the world faces which of the following challenges

some religions still forbid the use of contraception

according to demographic transition theory, birth rates and death rates remain high in which stage

stage 1 (preindustrial, traditional)

thinking in terms of fixed and inflexible categories, such as believing that all french people like to wear striped shirts, is best describes as

stereotyping

in understanding the racial diversity in maternal health care between black and white women, what factor is most directly associated with the cumulative effects of institutional and everyday racial discrimination that black women face

stress

clellan ford and frank beach, using anthropological evidence from more than two hundred societies, found that

striking variations, existed among societies in what were regarded as natural sexual behavior and norms of sexual attractiveness

how do some sociologists explain the fact that although hispanics in the united states have fewer socioeconomic resources than whites, studies have shown that their health--and especially the health of their infants--is just as good as, if not better than, that of whites

studies of the health of hispanics in the united states focus on those who successfully migrated and who may be in better health than those who did not migrate

natasha's organization helps companies design projects that will generate profit but also have minimal impact on the environment. their focus is on recycling physical resources and keeping pollution to a minimum, thus focusing on

sustainable development

novak is a researcher who addressees questions about the personal experience of illness. how does illness shape individual's daily lives? how does a chronic illness affect an individual's self identify? what school of sociology mentioned in the textbook does he probably belong to

symbolic interactionist

li is focusing her research on the way individuals define health rather than focusing on a standardized medical measurement of health. which sociological perspective is li using

symbolic interactionist perspective

the leading causes of death today are heart disease and cancer, two diseases that are associated with unhealthy behaviors such as smoking, a high fat diet, and a sedentary lifestyle. this evidence most clearly contradicts which perspective

talcott parson's sick role

of the following individuals, who most likely does the most housework

tanya, a married woman with four children

what is the latent function of schools

teaching students to sit quietly for long hours and to respect authority

what primary role does technology play in economic change and development

technologic innovations help companies produce more goods and services at a cheaper cost

according to your textbook, a truly global economy where production relies on a worldwide workforce has been made possible by

technological innovation

what term do sociologists use to describe the use of science and machinery to achieve greater productive efficiency

technology

karl marx considered religion to be

the "opium of the people"

which of the following would be considered a manufactured risk

the 1979 three mile island nuclear disaster in pennsylvania

how would a sociologist explain the existence of gender inequality in modern society

the activities of men and women are valued differently by society

in recent years, both china and india have seen rapid economic growth and urbanization as their populations have grown larger. while these changes have helped many citizens reach middle class status, the textbook outlines one significant area negatively associated with this expansion

the amounts of environmental pollutants have increased

what is a criticism of the functionalist approach to the family expressed by sociologist talcott parsons

the approach condones the subordination of women

what term refers to the set of principles--underpinning western medical systems and practices--that defines diseases objectively, in accordance with the presence of recognized symptoms, and holds that the healthy body can be restored through scientifically based medical treatment

the biomedical model of health

according to the textbook, which among the following the most significant political causes of globalization was

the collapse of the soviet bloc and the end of isolation for the former second world

which statement is an accurate characterization of the concept of race

the concept of race plays an important role in the reproduction of patterns of power and inequality

the increased risk of skin cancer is a manufactured risk that likely relates to

the depletion of the ozone layer

in many countries, economies are no longer defined by the production of material goods, relying instead on

the development and dissemination of information and knowledge

virtually all industralized countries have a growth rate of less than .05 percent, white countries in the global south today have rates of between 2 and 3 percent. based on what you read in the textbook, how is this difference in the rate of population growth significant

the difference is enormous because population growth is exponential rather than arithmetic

how would you best describe the gap in economic growth between the poorest and the richest countries

the disparity between the developed world and the developing world widened steadily over the twentieth century and is now the largest it has ever been

what is the main reason why children raised by one parent do not do as well as children raised by two parents, on average

the drop in economic well being following a divorce appears to explain the majority of the "effect" of divorce on child outcomes

in most ancient times

the elite and ruling class generally lived in the city center?

_______________ is the most important political factor in helping patterns of social change speed up during the modern era

the emergence of the modern state

jared diamond argued that five factors contributed to the collapse of rwandan society. of these five factors, three are related to

the environment

don and juanita, a married couple, split their housework equally. according to the functionalist sociologist talcott parsons, why would this behavior be considered inefficient

the family is most effective when it operates with a clear sexual division of labor

fatima thinks that much of what is learned in school has nothing directly to do with the formal content of lessons. children spend long hours in school and get an early taste of what the world of work will be like, learning that they are expected to be punctual and apply themselves diligently to the tasks that those in authority set for them. sociologists call this

the hidden curriculum

sociologists have observed that authortiy relations in school are hierarchical and place strong emphasis on obedience. this is an example of

the hidden curriculum

in american apartheid (1993), douglas massey and nancy a. denton argue that ______ is/are responsible for the perpetuation of black poverty and the continued polarization of black and white people

the history of racial segregation

richard rothstein's research on housing built under the federal public works administration showed that

the houses were deliberately segregated, with most going to whites

which of the following perspectives on globalization believes that globalization is challenging the power of nation states

the hyperglobalizers

which perspective on globalization argues that globalization is producing a borderless world in which national governments are no longer in control of their own economies

the hyperglobalizers

jared diamond's explanation of the collapse of rwandan society places too much emphasis on ___________at the expense of other factors, according to critics

the importance of the environment

in an article describing religiosity among americans, what is the meaning of the "rise of the nones"

the increase in the proportion of americans who say they are unaffiliated with any religion

globalization is best defined as

the increasingly interdependence of individuals, organizations and nations

in 1900, approximately three quarters of the employed population was in manual work, either farming or blue collar work such as manufacturing. in 2016, the manufacturing workforce was only 8 percent, while while collar professional and service employment accounted for 80 percent. what is the reason for the transformational of the occupational structure in the united states

the introduction of labor-saving machinery

which of the following was a consequence of the U.S. policy of forcing Japanese families into "relocation center" during world war 2

the japanese families' assimilation into U.S. society accelerated after the war

according to claude fischer, how do cities create opportunities for close, rewarding friendhips and social ties

the large number and diversity of urban dwellers allows subcultures to flourish

james davies argues that relative deprivation, not absolute deprivation, is what motivates revolution. relative deprivation is the discrepancy between

the lives people are forced to lead and what they think could realistically be achieved

which of the following explanations would most likely explain the difficulties faced by labor unions since 1980

the loss of once unionized manufacturing jobs to low wage countries

suburbanization is

the massive development and inhabitation of towns surrounding cities

according to the textbook, why did diseases such as smallpox and measles produce epidemics that ravaged or completely wiped out native populations in the americas after contact with europeans in the late fifteenth century

the native peoples lacked resistance to these diseases

according to the ecological approach, the development of urban areas can be understood as similar to

the natural world

in 2016, scientists warned that the world's giraffe population dropped 40 percent over the past thirty years and is threatened with extinction. based on what you read in the textbook, how would contemporary sociologists most likely understand this phenomenon

they would use the "human exceptionalism paradigm" to find a solution?

what do sociologists mean by the term "second shift"

this refers to women who perform housework and child care at the end of the paid work day

when migrants are "positively selected" into urban areas in the global south, what does this mean

those who migrate to urban areas are better prepared to find jobs and thrive in urban areas

why might differences in occupational status lead to inequalities in health and illness even when medical care is evenly distributed

those who work in offices or in domestic settings have less risk of injury or exposure to hazardous materials than some manual workers

how much more likely are black mothers to die than their white counterparts

three to four times as likely

rico, a student at a university in the united states, uses email and video-conferencing software to discuss his research project with his professor who is attending a conference in england. the ability to have these real time conversations as if they were in the same room is an example of

time space compression

according to the textbook, why did labor unions develop

to redress the imbalance of power between workers and employees

determination, the devaluation of women, homophobia, and wanton violence best characterize

toxic masculinity

some sociologists are critical of tracking in schools because

tracking tends to be reproduce existing inequalities, including poverty

_____ entities roam freely around the planet in search of lower costs and higher profits, regardless of where they might be headquartered

transnational

labor advocates have noted that the workers who died in the rana plaza factory collapse in bangladish were primarily women. which sociological lens might be especially useful for understanding this tragedy

transnational feminism

while gentrification is a general term for the process of older, deteriorating neighborhoods becoming "revived" withe new businesses, buildings getting renovated, and more affluent residents moving into the area________ specifically applied to situations where public funds are used to accomplish the same goals, often through the large scale demolition of "slum housing"

urban renewal

britain was the first country to undergo industrialization, which generated _________, the movement of population from the countryside into towns and cities

urbanization

one conclusion we can draw from recent research on online dating is that

users tend to show the greatest interest in those of their same ethnic background

according to the influential diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders; homosexuality

was considered a disorder until 1980

according to the 2010 U.S. census, waukee, an areal located outside of iowa's capital city of des moines, is 98.17 percent white. if suburbs are increasingly becoming "majority minority" what most likely explains waukee's demographics

waukee is an exurb, not a suburb, so it is one of the few key places that remain predominantly white

dr. iving (discussed in the textbook), and other african american women face multiple stressors throughout their lives that wear down their bodies and health, rendering them vulnerable to chronic diseases like diabetes and high blood pressure. the epidemiologist arline geronimus calls this process

weathering

why did max weber largely disagree with karl marx's ideas on religion

weber argued that religion was not necessarily a conservative force, rather, religiously inspired movements have often produced dramatic social transformations

why did max weber believe christianity contained possibilities for social change that eastern religions did not

weber believed that religions of the east cultivated an attitude of passivity or acceptance within the believer, whereas christianity demanded a constant struggle against sin and so could stimulate revolt against the existing order

we have so much more control over our bodies compared to earlier times. this is because

what used to be the "natural" has become social

in a political system based on proportional representation

when a single party lacks an overall majority, a government by coalition can lead to indecision and stalemates

in the year since jacobs published her study describing the "eyes and ears upon the street", the appearance and composition of many urban neighborhoods have changed significantly. modern neighborhoods are more likely to be made up of residents from different cultural backgrounds, have more signs of economic inequalities present and demonstrate extremely varying personal behaviors. how do these changes affect jacob's concept

white residents of modern neighborhoods may not feel the same solidarity and mutual assurance as when jacob's wrote, her ideas remain very important and influential

what is a characteristic of white prestige

whites may often benefit from it without even realizing it

a white person tells an asian american person that they "speak good english". this interaction best illustrates which of the following statements

whites sometimes assume that the asian american person they are speaking to is an immigrant

what might be one reason why researchers have difficulty calculating the rate of childlessness

women are having their first child at an older average age, making it difficult to decide at what point someone is childess