Sociology Exam 2 Practice Tests

Which statement illustrates low status consistency?

A college dropout launches an online company that earns millions in its first year.

Structural mobility occurs when:

A large group moves up or down the class ladder due to societal changes

Maya is a twelve-year-old girl living in Thailand. She is homeless, and often does not know where she will sleep or when she will eat. We might say that Maya lives in _________ poverty.

Absolute

According to national surveys, most U.S. parents support which type of sex education program in school?

Abstinence plus sexual safety

. Which statement represents stratification from the perspective of symbolic interactionism?

After work, Pat, a janitor, feels more comfortable eating in a truck stop than a French restaurant.

During the civil rights movement, Rosa Parks and other black protestors spoke out against segregation by refusing to sit at the back of the bus. This is an example of ________.

An act of deviance

Which of the following scenarios is an example of intragenerational mobility?

An executive belongs to a different class than her parents.

Which subordinate group is often referred to as the "model minority?"

Asian Americans

Which of the following is an example of a numerical majority being treated as a subordinate group?

Blacks under apartheid in South Africa

In the past, the United States manufactured clothes. Many clothing corporations have shut down their U.S. factories and relocated to China. This is an example of:

Capital flight

Slavery in the pre-Civil War U.S. South most closely resembled

Chattel Slavery

Which of these systems allows for the most social mobility?

Class

The behaviors, customs, and norms associated with a class are known as:

Class traits

Dependency theorists explain global inequality and global stratification by focusing on the way that:

Core nations exploit peripheral nations

Which of following is correct regarding the explanation for transgenderism?

Currently, there is no definitive explanation for transgenderism

In a U.S. town, a mining company owns all the stores and most of the houses. It sells goods to the workers at inflated prices, offers house rentals for twice what a mortgage would be, and makes sure to always pay the workers less than needed to cover food and rent. Once the workers are in debt, they have no choice but to continue working for the company, since their skills will not transfer to a new position. This situation most closely resembles:

Debt slavery

Unlike Davis and Moore, Melvin Tumin believed that, because of social stratification, some qualified people were _______ higher-level job positions.

Denied the opportunity to obtain

Which of the following best describes how deviance is defined?

Deviance is socially defined.

When Karl Marx said workers experience alienation, he meant that workers:

Do not feel connected to their work

Based on meritocracy, a physician's assistant would:

Earn a pay raise for doing excellent work

Which person best illustrates opportunities for upward social mobility in the United States?

First-generation college student

Conflict theorists view capitalists as those who:

Get rich while workers stay poor

Many Arab Americans face _______________, especially after 9/11.

Islamophobia

One flaw in modernization theory is the unwillingness to recognize _________.

Its inherent ethnocentric bias

In the United States, most people define themselves as:

Middle class

If a sociologist says that nations evolve towards more advanced technology and more complex industry as their citizens learn cultural values that celebrate hard work and success, she is using _______ theory to study the global economy.

Modernization theory

Occupational prestige means that jobs are:

Not equally valued

Which of the following is the best example of the role peers play as an agent of socialization for school-aged children?

Peers tend to reinforce gender roles by criticizing and marginalizing those who behave outside of their assigned roles

What factor makes caste systems closed?

People cannot change their social standings.

Which graphic concept best illustrates the concept of social stratification?

Pyramid

Social stratification is a system that:

Ranks society members into categories

Mike, a college student, rents a studio apartment. He cannot afford a television and lives on cheap groceries like dried beans and ramen noodles. Since he does not have a regular job, he does not own a car. Mike is living in:

Relative poverty

The basic premise of the Davis-Moore thesis is that the unequal distribution of rewards in social stratification:

Serves a purpose in society

Faith has a full-time job and two children. She has enough money for the basics and can pay her rent each month, but she feels that, with her education and experience, her income should be enough for her family to live much better than they do. Faith is experiencing:

Subjective Poverty

What Western country is thought to be the most liberal in its attitudes toward sex?

Sweden

One flaw in dependency theory is the unwillingness to recognize _______.

That previously low-income nations such as China have successfully developed their economies and can no longer be classified as dependent on core nations

What is a disadvantage of the National Crime Victimization Survey (NCVS)?

The NCVS may be unable to reach important groups, such as those without phones

The GNI PPP figure represents:

The average annual income of a country's citizens

What factor makes class systems open?

They allow for movement between the classes.

A sociologist working from a symbolic interaction perspective would:

Want to interview women working in factories to understand how they manage the expectations of their supervisors, make ends meet, and support their households on a day-to-day basis

Which of the following is the best example of a gender stereotype?

Women tend to be overly emotional, while men tend to be levelheaded

The racial term "African American" can refer to:

a black person living in the US, people whose ancestors came to the United States through the slave trade, a white person who originated in Africa and now lives in the United States

According to social disorganization theory, crime is most likely to occur where?

a community where neighbors don't know each other very well

Sociologists associate sexuality with _______.

a person's capacity for sexual feelings

According to C. Wright Mills, which of the following people is most likely to be a member of the power elite?

a senator

According to the symbolic interactionist perspective, we "do gender":

all of the time, in everything we do

According to the concept of the power elite, why would a celebrity such as Charlie Sheen commit a crime?

because his fame protects him from retribution

Why did most white ethnic Americans come to the United States?

because they were forced out of their own countries

Ethnicity describes shared:

beliefs, language, religion

What is discrimination?

biased actions against an individual or group

A sociologist who focuses on the way that multinational corporations headquartered in core nations exploit the local workers in their peripheral nation factories is using a _________ perspective to understand the global economy.

conflict theory

Compared to most Western societies, U.S. sexual attitudes are considered _______.

conservative

France might be classified as which kind of nation?

core

Societies practice social control to maintain ________.

cultural deviance

If a sociologist points out that core nations dominate the global economy, in part by creating global interest rates and international tariffs that will inevitably favor high-income nations over low-income nations, he is a:

dependency theorist

Scapegoat theory shows that:

dominant groups blame subordinate groups for their problems

Which of the following is an example of corporate crime?

embezzlement

Only women are affected by gender stratification. True or False.

false

A ____________ perspective theorist might find it particularly noteworthy that wealthy corporations improve the quality of life in peripheral nations by providing workers with jobs, pumping money into the local economy, and improving transportation infrastructure.

functional

To which theoretical perspective does the following statement most likely apply: Women continue to assume theresponsibility in the household along with a paid occupation because it keeps the household running smoothly, i.e., at astate of balance?

functionalism

Which theoretical perspective stresses the importance of regulating sexual behavior to ensure marital cohesion andfamily stability?

functionalism

The terms "masculine" and "feminine" refer to a person's _________.

gender

The term _______ refers to society's concept of how men and women are expected to act and how they should behave.

gender role

Which intergroup relation displays the least tolerance?

genocide

Research indicates that individuals are aware of their sexual orientation _______.

in early adolescence

A student has a habit of talking on her cell phone during class. One day, the professor stops his lecture and asks her to respect the other students in the class by turning off her phone. In this situation, the professor used __________ to maintain social control.

informal negative sanctions

. One day, you decide to wear pajamas to the grocery store. While you shop, you notice people giving you strange looks and whispering to others. In this case, the grocery store patrons are demonstrating _______.

informal sanctions

Which of the following is the best explanation of racism as a social fact?

it does not need the actions of individuals to continue

What is the one defining feature of a minority group?

lack of power

Amalgamation is represented by the _____________ metaphor.

melting pot

What intergroup relationship is represented by the "salad bowl" metaphor?

pluralism

A student wakes up late and realizes her sociology exam starts in five minutes. She jumps into her car and speeds down the road, where she is pulled over by a police officer. The student explains that she is running late, and the officer lets her off with a warning. The student's actions are an example of _________.

primary deviance

______ deviance is a violation of norms that ______result in a person being labeled a deviant.

primary; does not

Stereotypes can be based on:

race, ethnicity, gender

Which of the following situations best describes crime trends in the United States?

rates of violent and nonviolent crimes are decreasing

What doctrine justified legal segregation in the South?

separate but equal

Speedy Gonzalez is an example of:

stereotyping

Which federal act or program was designed to allow more Hispanic American immigration, not block it?

the Bracero program

A convicted sexual offender is released on parole and arrested two weeks later for repeated sexual crimes. How would labeling theory explain this?

the offender has been labeled deviant by society and has accepted a new master status.

What makes Native Americans unique as a subordinate group in the United States?

they are the only group that did not come here as immigrants

A person who is biologically female but identifies with the male gender and has undergone surgery to alter her body isconsidered _______.

transsexual

Spousal abuse is an example of a ________.

violent crime

Shaw and McKay found that crime is linked primarily to ________.

wealth

As a Caucasian in the United States, being reasonably sure that you will be dealing with authority figures of the samerace as you is a result of:

white privilege