Sociology Exam #3

Which of the following reflects the proportion of married women in the U.S. who were in the labor force in 2010? 96 percent 29 percent 69 percent 56 percent

69 percent

Historically, the most consistent aspect of family life in this country has been the high rate of marriage. What percentage of all men and women in the United States marry at least once during their lifetimes? 98 percent 95 percent 88 percent 91 percent

95 percent

Which of the following statements is true regarding women living in poverty? The death of a husband does not impact a women's poverty status. The other half tend to be economically independent from friends or the welfare system. About half of all women living in poverty in the United States are employed at least part-time. About half of all women living in poverty in the United States are in transition.

About half of all women living in poverty in the United States are employed at least part-time.

Which sociological perspective(s) would be most likely to emphasize that the mass media exacerbate many divisions in our society, including those based on gender, race, ethnicity, and social class? Functionalist perspective Conflict and feminist perspectives Global and interactionist perspectives Interactionist perspective

Conflict and feminist perspectives

Gerhard Lenski argues that social inequality may have once served the overall purposes of society, but the degree of social and economic inequality that now exists far exceeds the need to provide for goods and services. This facet of Lenski's analysis is consistent with which perspective? Global perspective Functionalist perspective Interactionist perspective Conflict perspective

Conflict perspective

Which sociological perspective would be most likely to emphasize that a person's health and educational opportunities are affected by his or her class position in important ways? Interactionist perspective Conflict perspective Global perspective Functionalist perspective

Conflict perspective

Which sociological perspective would be most likely to support the idea that a dominant ideology is created through media images and used to construct a reality based on protecting the interests of the powerful? Interactionist perspective Conflict perspective Functionalist perspective Global perspective

Conflict perspective

What term did Thorstein Veblen use to refer to the behavior of those at the top of the social hierarchy when they engage in such activities as jetting off to a remote destination for dinner? Consumptive frivolity Consumption flow Inconspicuous ridicule Conspicuous leisure

Conspicuous leisure

What is the term used for the set of cultural beliefs and practices that helps to maintain powerful social, economic, and political interests? Gatekeeping Narcotizing dysfunction Surveillance function Dominant ideology

Dominant ideology

Which of the following terms did Karl Marx use to refer to an attitude held by members of a class that does not accurately reflect the class's objective position? Bourgeoisie consciousness Proletariat consciousness Class consciousness False consciousness

False consciousness

Which of the sociological perspectives would more than likely take a positive view of the Internet, pointing to its manifest ability to facilitate communication? Functionalist perspective Conflict perspective Interactionist perspective Global perspective

Functionalist perspective

Which metaphor for the media's reach does sociologist Todd Gitlin consider more apt than "global village"? Global wave Global city Global quagmire Global torrent

Global torrent

Fans of the TV show Star Trek meet in costume at a convention celebrating the anniversary of the show's conception. Which sociological perspective would be most likely to focus attention on this event? Functionalist perspective Conflict perspective Global perspective Interactionist perspective

Interactionist perspective

Which of the sociological perspectives would see the debate over media content as an extension of everyday life? Functionalist perspective Interactionist perspective Conflict perspective Global perspective

Interactionist perspective

Which of the following statements about slavery is true? Slavery was considered a permanent status in ancient Greece. Slavery in the U.S. was considered an achieved status. It is considered the most extreme form of social inequality. The only recorded examples of slavery occurred in the U.S. and in ancient Greece.

It is considered the most extreme form of social inequality.

Which of the following is an example of machismo? None of these answers is correct. Mary drives a pickup truck. Reggie, an African American, is the captain of his college football team. José, a Mexican American, drives a flashy sports car, works out in a gym, and believes that he can "get any woman that he wants."

José, a Mexican American, drives a flashy sports car, works out in a gym, and believes that he can "get any woman that he wants."

Less affluent professionals, such as elementary school teachers, are included in which of the following social classes? Lower middle class Upper class Working class Middle class

Lower middle class

Who predicted nearly sixty years ago that the rise of electronic media would create a "global village," thereby reducing the barriers created by physical distance? Marshall McLuhan Erving Goffman Darnell Hunt Vivian Gornick

Marshall McLuhan

Which of the following terms is used by sociologists for a structured ranking of groups of people that perpetuates unequal economic rewards and power in society? Status Hypergamy Social mobility Stratification

Stratification

Which of the following countries mandated less than 12 weeks of paid maternity leave as of 2013? Brazil Denmark Indonesia United States

United States

In sociologist Daniel Rossides's model of the class system of the U.S., which social class contains the smallest portion of the population? Upper class Lower class Working class Lower-middle class

Upper class

Which of the following would have the greatest impact in terms of reaffirming social norms of proper behavior? Watching and listening to a televised cable newscast Watching a televised execution of a mass murderer Watching a televised funeral procession Watching and listening to a Celine Dion video

Watching a televised execution of a mass murderer

Which of the following statements concerning media portrayal of gender roles would the feminist perspective most likely endorse? Women are portrayed as overweight and dull in most television roles. Women are overrepresented in most television roles. Women are often portrayed as being in need of rescue by males. Men are often portrayed as compliant, working-class persons.

Women are often portrayed as being in need of rescue by males.

Machismo refers to None of these answers is correct. a sense of virility, personal worth, and pride in one's maleness. the "brotherhood" that exists between members of an Italian crime syndicate. bonding between members of a Hispanic street gang.

a sense of virility, personal worth, and pride in one's maleness.

Which of the following best defines a family? a married couple and their unmarried children living together a set of people related by blood, marriage or some other agreed-upon relationship, or adoption, who share the responsibility for reproducing and caring for members of society two unrelated adults who have chosen to share each other's lives in a relationship of mutual caring None of these answers is correct.

a set of people related by blood, marriage or some other agreed-upon relationship, or adoption, who share the responsibility for reproducing and caring for members of society

An 83-year-old woman is placed at a small table in a dark corner of a trendy nightclub and is ignored by the staff. Her shoddy treatment is probably due to her age, which is a(n) ________ status. ascribed achieved structural horizontal

ascribed

A person who influences the opinions and decisions of others through day-to-day personal contact and communication is referred to as a(n) gatekeeper. opinion leader. specialist. concentrator.

opinion leader.

Some sociologists have suggested that in the southern U.S. in the pre-civil rights era, an African American individual was born into a status that would always be subordinate to the status of all of the White members of the community. This is an example of a(n) class system. estate system. caste system. feudal system.

caste system.

Donna, a 33-year-old divorcee with two sons, and Mark, a 50-year-old divorcee with two daughters, become engaged and live together. Although they are strongly committed to one another, they never actually go ahead with the marriage. This is an example of cohabitation. both cohabitation and an extended family. heterogamy. an extended family.

cohabitation.

Feminists have argued that laws in the U.S. traditionally viewed wives and children as the property of the husband. This view reflects the concerns of which sociological perspective? conflict perspective global perspective functionalist perspective interactionist perspective

conflict perspective

Which sociological perspective would be likely to suggest that family decision making reflects the inequality of traditional gender stratification, in which men have held a dominant position over women? labeling perspective functionalist perspective conflict perspective interactionist perspective

conflict perspective

Purchasing goods not to survive, but to flaunt one's superior wealth and social standing is known as consumptive frivolity. presumptive consumption. conspicuous consumption. inconspicuous ridicule.

conspicuous consumption.

The widespread dissemination of compromising images that were meant to be shared only among close friends is one aspect of the social phenomenon called cyberstalking. blackmail. cyberbullying. bribery.

cyberbullying.

Worldwide, low-income groups, racial and ethnic minorities, rural residents, and the citizens of developing countries have far less access than others to the latest technologies. This gap is referred to as the digital divide. digital dam. digital world. digital enclosure.

digital divide.

A class system employs a social ranking based primarily on caste. age. religious and ethnic background. economic position.

economic position.

In which type of authority pattern are the adult members of the family regarded as equals? neolocal bilateral egalitarian homogamous

egalitarian

Which sociological perspective would be most likely to point out that policymakers have both a humanitarian and a financial stake in promoting adoption? conflict perspective functionalist perspective interactionist perspective global perspective

functionalist perspective

Which sociological perspective would suggest that social change has influenced the family, in that many traditional family activities, such as education, have been assumed by other social institutions? functionalist perspective conflict perspective interactionist perspective anomie perspective

functionalist perspective

A major network news agency that discourages reporting of issues concerning homosexuality is most likely practicing a surveillance function. a dominant ideology. a narcotizing dysfunction. gatekeeping.

gatekeeping.

Which sociological perspective(s) would most likely focus attention on the personal relationships between stepparents and their stepchildren and the family dynamics involved in such relationships? conflict and feminist perspectives interactionist perspective functionalist perspective global perspective

interactionist perspective

The term media monitoring is used most often to refer to the government censoring media. interest groups' monitoring of content. parents checking what their child watches. studios following what is a "hit."

interest groups' monitoring of content.

Women most often play a significant role in the economic support of the family when the family has no children. is affluent. is among the poor. is part of an industrialized society.

is among the poor.

Max Weber referred to people's opportunities to provide themselves with material goods, positive living conditions, and favorable experiences as power. wealth. life chances. status.

life chances.

In some hunting-and-gathering societies, men are away from home for long periods of time. As a result, it is not unusual to find that the women are fully responsible for the household and for making most of the major family decisions. In these societies, which pattern of authority is evident? egalitarian matriarchal matrilineal matricentric

matriarchal

Realistic portrayals of minorities and working-class persons tend to be ignored by mass media decision-makers primarily because most decisions are made overwhelmingly by wealthy White males. minorities and working-class people feel ashamed of their social position. viewers only enjoy fantasizing about being rich and powerful. most decisions are driven by Nielsen ratings.

most decisions are made overwhelmingly by wealthy White males.

People ignoring credible warnings about terrorist attacks due to the massive amounts of coverage in the aftermath of September 11, 2001, is an example of gatekeeping. dominant ideology. surveillance function. narcotizing dysfunction.

narcotizing dysfunction.

An analysis of 565 societies in the mid-1900s found that over 30 percent of them had no formal procedures for obtaining a divorce. over 80 percent of them preferred polygamy to monogamy. over 90 percent of them only allowed monogamous marriages. over 75 percent of them had some type of polyandry.

over 80 percent of them preferred polygamy to monogamy.

In the Oneida community that existed in New York State from 1840 to 1880, the community members were all married to one another—that is, all the men in the community were married to all the women, and all the women were married to all the men. This is an example of polygamy. matrilineal descent. serial monogamy. egalitarianism.

polygamy.

Max Weber defined ________ as the ability to exercise one's will over others. control power status class

power

In Karl Marx's view, social relations during any period of history depend on who controls the primary mode of economic production. legislature. mass media. most powerful religious organizations.

primary mode of economic production.

The function of media advertising is to support the economy, provide information about products, and underwrite media costs associated with promotion of consumption. surveillance of the social environment. enforcement of social norms. conferment of status.

promotion of consumption.

Prestige refers to the ability to exercise one's will over others. reputation that a particular individual has within an occupation. respect and admiration with which an occupation is regarded by society. people who have similar levels of wealth and income.

respect and admiration with which an occupation is regarded by society.

Steve and Mary are married and then get a divorce. Steve then marries Rachel, and they get a divorce, too. Steve remarries Mary and lives with her until she dies. After Mary's death, Steve marries Beth and lives with her until his death. These relationships of Steve's life are an example of polygamy. serial monogamy. polygyny. polyandry.

serial monogamy.

A measure of social class that is based on income, education, and occupation is known as socio status. demographic characteristics. socioeconomic status. political status.

socioeconomic status.

In an effort to better understand and combat a malaria outbreak in Kenya, public health researchers monitored the content of ________ to map the spread of the disease. health surveys television reports emails text messages

text messages

Nearly 80 years ago, sociologist William F. Ogburn noted that the family provides socializing, reproductive, and protective functions for its members. domestic partnerships are more often heterosexual than homosexual. 64 percent of all societies have matrilineal or patrilineal descent systems. single-parent, mother-headed families are the fastest growing segment of the poor in the United States.

the family provides socializing, reproductive, and protective functions for its members.

Capitalism is an economic system in which the means of production are largely in private hands, and the main incentive for economic activity is the accumulation of profit. the means of production and distribution are collectively owned. the means of production are largely in public sector hands and are collectively owned. all property is communally owned, and no social distinctions are made on the basis of people's ability to produce.

the means of production are largely in private hands, and the main incentive for economic activity is the accumulation of profit.

The term incest taboo refers to the prohibition of sexual relationships between certain culturally specified relatives. the requirement, in some cultures, of having one's sexual initiation occur within the safe confines of a family relationship. the prohibition of marriage between close relatives and neighbors. not having sex with neighbors or business associates.

the prohibition of sexual relationships between certain culturally specified relatives.

A new sort of ________ is emerging online: communities developing around common interests or shared identities. interactive niche tribalism online nest identity cell

tribalism

Max Weber uses the term class to refer to people who share a similar level of esteem. wealth and income. culture. power.

wealth and income.