Sociology Exam 4
Supermoms
For many American women, "work" doesn't end when they leave the workplace. On returning home, many begin what Arlie Hochschild calls "the second shift", doing the unpaid work of running a household, including doing the laundry, feeding the children, and helping with homework
On ESPN.com, men's college basketballs presented as "college basketball" while women's basketball is called "women's college basketball" and shares a web page with women's professional basketball. This is an example of what?
Leisure and Inequality
Cohabitation
Living together as a romantically involved, unmarried couple
How does the census define family?
Two or more individuals related by blood, marriage, or adoption living in the same household
In the past who most likely had time for leisure activities?
Wealthy
When sociologists reject the hypodermic needle model, they tend to stop asking ___ and start asking ___.
"Media consumers are passive, uncritical recipients of content" -"what does media do to people?" -"What do people do with media"
An individual is most likely to be murdered by whom?
"People are more likely to be killed, physically assaulted, sexually victimized... in their own homes by other family members than anywhere else, or by anyone else, in our society"
What do sociologist mean by 'the family' instead of 'families'?
-"The family" refers to a single ideal-type model of the family -"Families" refers to the diverse and varies forms families can take in contemporary society -Sociologists see no need or sense in referring to "the family" anymore
Boomerang kid
-A child who moves back in with their parents when they're in their 20s or 30s. This is normally to help the child save money so he/she can pay off some sort of debt (student, credit card, etc.) -Ages 18-24 boys are more likely to live at home -60% of boomerang kids 25-34 are male
How do sociologist define family?
-A social group whose members are bound by legal, biological, or emotional ties, or a combination of all three -Keeping the definition broad enough to encompass a variety of forms
Miscegenation laws
-Antimiscegenation is the prohibition of interracial marriage, cohabitation, or sexual interaction -Loving V. Virginia 1967- Supreme Court declared that Virginia's law banning marriage between persons of different races was unconstitutional under the 14th Amendment -Monogamy- marrying only one individual at a time -Polygamy- having multiple spouses at once -Polygyny- one man married to multiple women -Polyandry- one woman married to multiple men -Polyamory- multiple person partnership where each individual (regardless of gender or sexuality) is in a relationship with each other individual
Recreation (which activity sounds like recreation)
-Any satisfying, amusing, and stimulating activity that is experienced as refreshing and renewing for body, mind, and spirit -Gardening, hunting, fishing, knitting
Uses and gratifications paradigm
-Approaches to understanding media effects that focus on individuals' psychological or social needs that various media fulfills
Recreation and leisure are defined as different from what?
-Defined in contrast to paid labor or other obligatory activities -Leisure- a period of time that can be spent relaxing, engaging in recreation, or otherwise indulging in freely chosen activities -Recreation- Any satisfying, amusing, and stimulating activity that is experienced as refreshing and renewing for body, mind, and spirit
Commercialization of leisure (definition and identify two examples)
-Many forms of leisure and recreation are mediated by commodities, goods, and services that we seem to "require" in order to have fun. -Boats for fishing -Flat screen TV's for the home
Formalization of recreation
-Many forms of leisure and recreation seem to have shifted from spontaneous or informal activities to organized and formal. -Little League Baseball rather than sandlot -Weekly hiking groups
Second shift- who is most limey to have this role? And what is it?
-Mom is most likely to have the second shift. -The unpaid housework and childcare often expected of women after they return home from doing paid labor in the workforce
Blended family
-Remarriage of 2 adults where at least one of them already has children to bring into the marriage -Statistics about stepfamilies are inconsistent and often contradictory because quantifying and defining the intricate relationships involved in a stepfamily are difficult -Remarriages are more likely to end in divorce than first marriages
'slash'
-The oppositional restructuring indicates tat views can read different meanings into the text than were intended by the producers-indeed, can reproduce the text in order to make those meanings central.
Conglomeration- define and what do they usually include?
-the process by which a single corporation acquires ownership of a variety of otherwise unrelated business
What percent of women in the US will suffer physical violence at the hands of a romantic partner?
25% "One out of every four women"
Interpretive community
A group of people dedicated to the consumption and interpretation of a particular cultural product and who create a collective, social meaning for the product
Nuclear family
A heterosexual couple with one or more children living in a single household
Third places
Any informal public place where people come together regularly for conversation and camaraderie when not at work or at home
Domestic violence
Any physical, verbal, financial, sexual, or psychological behaviors abusers use to gain and maintain power over their victims
What is the main reason abusive partners resort to abuse?
Domestic violence results from the abusers desire for power over the victim
What theory combines the magic bullet theory and the uses of gratification theory?
Encoding/Decoding model -A theory on media that combines models that privilege the media producer and models that view the audience as the primary source of meaning; this theory recognizes that media texts are created to deliver specific messages and that individuals actively interpret them
Textual poaching
Henry Jenkins's term describing the ways that audience members manipulate an original cultural product to create a new one; a common way for fans to exert some control over the media they consume
How is the family responsible for the reproduction of society?
It produces and socializes children "Pattern maintenance"- the values and norms of a society are passed on to the next generation
A flash mob is a sudden assembly of strangers in a public place for the purpose of performing some novel action and then rapidly dispersing. Although they appear to be spontaneous to outsiders, in reality flash mobs are organized through e-mails, social networking sites, and text messages. This is a good example of how technology can:
Make it easier to formalize/organize recreation
Endogamy
Marriage to someone within one's social group
Exogamy
Marriage to someone within one's social group
Sandwich generation
Moms and dads who care for their elderly parents as well as their own offspring
Who most likely receives custody in a divorce?
Mother
According to John Caughey, what is the contemporary American equivalent of interacting with gods, spirits, and ancestors?
Relationships with fans and celebrities (including politicians and athletes)
What sport is immensely popular in almost every part of the world EXCEPT the United States?
Soccer (football)
What does Richard Sennett mean by 'fall of public man?'
The decline in public life as people more and more seek refuge in "ties of family or intimate association"
Instrumental tasks
The practical physical tasks necessary to maintain family life
Commodification of recreational activities
The process by which it becomes possible to buy and sell a particular good or service
Propinquity
The tendency to marry or have relationships with people in close geographic proximity
How would a sociological interactionist study families?
They would consider it more effective to look at how family relations are created and maintained in interaction than how they are structured
