Sociology exam
a self fulfilling prophecy
A belief that becomes a reality constitutes ______.
play
A child who can play "mommy" but who cannot play baseball is in what stage of George Herbert Mead's social development?
teh culture in which the practice occurs
A cultural relativist's perspective examines cultural practices according to ______.
false
A nation's geographic location has little impact on the opportunities available to individuals in that nation.
oligarchy
A type of government based on a specific political ideology and run by a single ruling group or party is referred to as a(n) ______.
suicide caused by an individual experiencing disorder and turmoil and lacking clear norms and guidelines for social behavior
According to Durkhiem, Aomic suicide is
citizens acknowledge the fact that the government can exercise power over them
According to Max Weber, governments are given legitimate power when
biologically determined
According to most sociologists, gender roles are all of the following EXCEPT this:
false
According to recent studies, girls perform less well than boys in the field of math.
building social captial
According to the authors of the text, which of the following is an effective alternative to prison?
have different expectations and values when compared to mainstream society
According to the text, countercultures
diversity increases productivity and problem solving
According to the text, the belief that minorities (sexual, racial, religious, etc.) are detrimental to workplace efficiency is false because
profit
According to the text, the goal of capitalism is ______.
IQ score
According to the text, the role expectations of anyone in the status of student can be complicated by all of the following variables EXCEPT this one:
true
According to the text, toys and games prepare children through anticipatory socialization for future gender roles.
they make the same income as whites after controlling the education level
According to the textbook, all of the following are true about African Americans EXCEPT this:
the harnessing of steam power
All of the following are characteristics of an agricultural society EXCEPT this:
an emphasis on demcractic style thinking
All of the following are characteristics of ideal-type bureaucracy EXCEPT this:
wealth is the most important resource
All of the following are main assumptions of stratification EXCEPT this:
how many children an individual will have
All of the following are predetermined in caste stratification systems EXCEPT this:
acceptance
Although Ting is greatly disadvantaged by her culture's treatment of women, she largely accepts her position as the childcare provider for her family and has little desire to change the structure of her family. Ting exhibits which of the following reactions to belonging to a discriminated-against minority group?
true
An estimated 1 in 3 women and 1 in 4 men are victims of violence by an intimate partner in their lifetime.
Anna is more likely to be poorer than brad
Anna is a single mother of two children. Her children's father does not pay child support regularly. Brad is a single father of two children as well. His ex-wife does not pay child support regularly, either. Both Anna and Brad have the same level of education and the same job. Which of the following is most likely true?
preventing gifted students from getting too far ahead
Arguments for a Common Core curriculum include all of the following EXCEPT this:
stereotyping
As Eric waited for class to start, he considered starting a conversation with one of his classmates. However, Eric decided they all looked like "frat boys," and he figured they would have nothing in common, so he sat silently and waited for class to start. Eric's behavior can be best described as ______.
friends
As a child develops, the primary agent of socialization changes from the family to the child's ______.
ideal
As a small child, Kirby was read many stories about his society emphasizing the equal treatment of all individuals, who are able to pursue their individual desires. Kirby was told about his society's ______ culture.
all of the above
Based off our in-class conversation on Cosplay, select which of the following describes cosplay:
true
Based off the video "The House I Live In", the Federal Government created a Federal Housing Act that provided loans to average Americans for them to purchase houses with while paying 10% or 20% upfront.
formal negative sanctions
Because prison sentences are official punishments used to enforce laws, they serve as ______.
role strain
Carolina's daughter wants to go to a local concert that will keep her out past curfew. Although Carolina feels that as a good mom, she should be her daughter's friend and consider her daughter's wishes, she also believes that a good mother should provide structure by maintaining rules. Carolina is experiencing ______.
indirect aggression
Comedians like Dave Chappelle, who use their art to make satirical commentary about race relations in the United States, use which of the following strategies of minority groups to deal with discrimination and prejudice?
welfare states
Countries such as Sweden and the United Kingdom that have incorporated some democratic socialist ideas into their governmental policies are sometimes referred to by critics as ______.
the company is large
Crimes against the company are more likely to occur when
a state of normlessness
Durkheim's concept of anomie refers to a ______.
herding society
Elisa lives in a small, seminomadic society in which she tends a garden and tends to the small children in her family. Elisa most likely lives in a(n) ______.
relative poverty
Emily works and makes a modest salary. However, she is unable to provide new clothes or a two-bedroom apartment for her and her children. Emily is experiencing ______.
true
Gender gaps in educational attainment are narrowing worldwide.
feds dont have a way to safeguard information
Hacking and cybertheft by China and other nations are especially concerning because
true
Hispanics are currently the largest minority ethnic group in the United States.
counter culture
Hoops is a member of a militia organization believing that individuals should be able to live without rules and regulations imposed by society. Because the militia has values and practices that go against the practices of the dominant culture, Hoops is a member of a(n) ______.
Individuals are not labeled deviant until they commit a second deviance
How does primary deviance differ from secondary deviance?
true
How we experience our bodies individually and in relation to others is known as sexuality.
side effect discrimination
If women are paid less than men, despite the same levels of education, they are less likely to have access to the best health care or to be able to afford a $40,000 down payment for a house, unless they are married. This is an example of ______.
more funding equaled more oppurtunities for owen
In class we watched a documentary about two high school students, David and Owen, who had very similar backgrounds, but they went to very different schools. Which of the following represents what the documentary found?
6,13
In class, we discussed two windows of opportunity, which, if neglected children pass, they will never develop social skills. What is the end approximate age for each of these two windows? First window, second window
african drum gave birth to American music
In class, we watched a Ted Talk about the African drum. According to the Ted Talk, which of the following is true about the African drum?
diffusion
In our class discussion about culture change, Dr. Smith gave us several ways that culture can change. ________ is the moving of cultural items from one culture to another.
58.7%
In the 2012 presidential election, a higher percentage than normal of eligible U.S. voters turned out: ______.
true
In the United States, predatory crimes are considered consensus crimes.
red
In the early days of suburb development, banks introduced a practice that associated neighborhoods with colors and ratings based off of segregation and wealth disparities. What color represented the lowest rated neighbors, which largely consisted of minorities?
all youth who commit crimes are treated equally
In the study of the Saints and the Roughnecks, Chambliss found all of the following EXCEPT this:
comparison of white senior students
In the video we watched in class, "A Tale of 2 Schools: Race and Education", which of the following was not one of the differences/similarities talked about?
757: 115
In the world today, an estimated ____ million adults and ____ million youth cannot read or write and have no experience with technology.
helping fathers and brothers
In which of the following ways are women and girls portrayed in many children's books?
the glass ceiling
Irene has been working at Megacorp for 10 years. She has an impeccable record and has received wonderful reviews. Still, she cannot figure out why the men who started the job at the same time she did have been promoted several levels while she has only received one promotion. Irene may be experiencing ______.
at risk student
Jason always disrupts class by interjecting unnecessary comments or getting into trouble for skipping school and vandalizing school property. Jason is likely considered a(n) ______.
structural-functional
Jason is writing a paper on social stratification. The basic argument of his paper is that the job of "college professor" is extremely important to the creation of knowledge and production of culture. Due to this importance, college professors deserve a pay increase to attract the smartest and most capable individuals to fill this important role. Jason is arguing the ______ theory of stratification.
intentional
Jim Crow laws in mid-1900s America are examples of ______ discrimination.
assimilation
Jordan feels that his dark, long hair causes many of his classmates to label him as a minority group member. In an effort to blend in with his peers, Jordan dyes his hair blond and cuts it very close to his scalp. Jordan exhibited which of the following reactions to being discriminated against because of his perceived minority group status?
segregated
Joseph lives in a country where he is not allowed to go to school with White students since he is not White. He can only eat in certain restaurants, and he has a government-mandated curfew based on his race. He cannot buy a house in certain parts of town and must sit on the left side of the bus. Joseph lives in a town that is ______.
postindustrial society
Josh works as a computer software designer in a large society in which most individuals are highly educated or have specialized, technical skills. Josh most likely lives in a(n) ______.
retreatism
Juan Carlos originally hoped to purchase a home. However, because he could not earn enough money to ever afford one, he decided that a home was no longer important. Instead, he found happiness through quitting his job, moving into a shack in the woods, and enjoying the solitude. Merton would classify Juan Carlos's adaptation to strain as ______.
unilateral no-fault
Ken does not want to get a divorce, but his wife, Patricia, insists that she plans to leave him because even though Ken has done nothing wrong, she is not happy. What type of divorce will Ken and Patricia most likely get?
exogamy
Kholani is required to marry a boy from a neighboring village, despite being in love with a boy who lives in her same village. Kholani's tribe is practicing ______.
role conflict
Lee promised his brother Kirby that he would watch the Cincinnati Bengals's football game with him at home. However, Lee's friend Sue won tickets on a local radio station, and she wants Lee to come to the game with her. Because Lee is torn between his role as Sue's friend and Kirby's brother, Lee is experiencing ______.
occupational crime
Liz works at the dean's office. She works harder than her supervisor (who is paid more and enjoys coffee breaks when Liz and her coworkers share stories about how little they are paid and how they deserve more). One day, Liz steals 15 ink cartridges to use in her home printer. Liz has committed a(n) ______.
non violent resistance
Mahatma Gandhi, Jesse Jackson, and Caesar Chavez used ______ to bring about institutional and societal change.
true
Many major religious groups have added modern branches in addition to their traditional and fundamentalist groups.
arranged marriage
Melissa, a White woman, is engaged to Alex, a Black man. Their marriage will be all of the following EXCEPT this:
assume that teachers are authority figures who should be trusted to do their jobs without interference
Middle- and upper-class parents are less likely to ______ than lower-class parents.
past-in-present
Minority groups in the United States have, on average, significantly lower net worth than White Americans, even when the two have similar education, income, and occupations. Sociologists attribute the wealth gap largely to housing policies that exclude minority individuals from home ownership. This is an example of ______ discrimination.
front-stage
Most of the time, we engage in ______ behavior, the behavior safest with casual acquaintances because it is scripted.
true
Northern European countries are world leaders when it comes to gender equity in government.
an expression of race blind theory
One June 17, 2015, Dylann Roof, "entered the church, asked for the pastor and sat next to him during Bible study before opening fire. 'I have to do it,' he said, according to [reports]. 'You rape our women and you're taking over our country. You have to go.'" This is an example of all of the following EXCEPT this:
marginalized ethnic groups
Organized crime is more prevalent among ______.
singing by yourself in the shower
Our social networks include all of the following EXCEPT this:
significant others
People who are very important to us and whom we have sustained interactions with are known as ______.
After attending a music concert, an experimenter interviewed those listening on how they felt after hearing an original, new piece vs. after hearing a piece from a famous composer
Please identify the following example that demonstrates a qualitative observation under scientific research:
false
Providing an opportunity for peer cultures to develop is a manifest function of education.
after controlling for education the income levels is equal among the racial groups
Recent studies show all of the following EXCEPT this:
returning to prison after already serving a prior term
Recidivism is
endogamy
Robert's parents strongly want him to marry another Mormon, preferably from their own congregation. His family is practicing ______.
measurable phenomena
Scientific knowledge must be based on ________.
true
Secondary analysis uses existing data already collected in other studies.
true
Side-effect discrimination is a form of unintentional discrimination.
conflict
Smoking marijuana is a ______.
throughout their life course
Socialization takes place ______.
true
Systematic observation is central in field research.
homogamy
Thalia hopes to find a partner who has a similar level of education as herself and who is also politically moderate, just like she is. Thalia is practicing ______.
false
The Internet is a way to break down gender barriers because women and men use it in equal amounts and in equal ways.
personal relationships we valued over formal relations such as tests or grades
The authors identify all of the following characteristics of schools as bureaucratic EXCEPT this one:
high dropout rates of african american boys will lead to imprisonment
The cradle-to-prison pipeline refers to
true
The fact that the only female in a boardroom is almost always expected to make coffee, even if she is a high-level executive, is a form of institutionalized gender discrimination.
religion
The federal government in the U.S. makes funds available for all of the following educational programs EXCEPT this one:
crimes
The forms of deviance in which formal penalties are imposed by society are ______
crimes
The forms of deviance in which formal penalties are imposed by society are ______.
digital divide
The gap between those with access to information technology and those without is known as the ______.
explicit rules of behavior
The informal system includes all of the following EXCEPT this:
sociolization
The lifelong process of learning to become a member of the social world is called ______.
maximize efficiency
The main purpose of a bureaucracy is to
91%, 75%
The most recent statistics indicate that of all eligible children in the world, ______ were enrolled in primary school and ______ in secondary school.
gender sociolization
The process by which people learn the cultural norms, attitudes, and behaviors appropriate to their gender is ______.
globalization
The process through which the entire globe is becoming a "single sociocultural place" is known as ______.
higher turnout among baby boomers
The reasons cited by the textbook for high voter turnout—58.7% in the 2012 presidential election—include all of the following EXCEPT this:
gender identity
The socially constructed meanings associated with males and females are called ______.
diffusion
The song "Despacito" was originally only in Spanish by Luis Fonsi. Later, Justin Bieber and Fonsi collaborated and meshed Despacito with the English language. When considering how culture is taught or how culture moves between societies, what does the above example represent?
sociobioligical theory
The statement, "Decisions are made based on genetic drives to continue the species," is most closely related to ______.
Assimilation
The structural and cultural merging of minority and majority groups that results in minority members losing their original identity refers to ______.
transgender
The term ______ refers to "identification as someone who is challenging, questioning, or changing gender from that assigned at birth to a chosen gender."
deviance
The violation of social norms is called ______.
true
There is no clear biological or genetic difference between different racial groups.
sociolization
Through ______, members of a society learn the thoughts and actions needed to survive in their society.
your sense of smell
Through our social networks, we are linked to all of the following EXCEPT this:
independent: dependent
Tom is studying how changes in income affect the frequency of eating out. In this example, "changes in income" is the ______ variable, and "frequency of eating out" is the ______ variable.
true
True or False: Mothers experience a larger wage gap than do women without children.
true
True or False: Psychological Aggression is both verbal and non-verbal communication with the intent to harm another person mentally or emotionally?
role strain
Ty is an eighth-grade music teacher. Ty must support and encourage his students, but he must also give them poor grades for not learning their music. This causes Ty to experience ______.
true
Values are often transmitted from the family of orientation to the family of procreation.
true
Weber used the term authority to refer to legitimate power.
Allows individuals to act against what's expected of them, avoiding keeping actions in line with other social groups
What of the following is NOT an important characteristic of role taking in development?
kids liked the music, parents didnt
What was a common trend seen with the evolution of pop music?
discrimination
When Mary, the owner of a large apartment complex, was deciding whom to rent an open apartment to, she immediately disregarded the application of 84-year-old Millie because Mary does not rent apartments to old women. Mary's treatment of Millie is best described as ______.
genocide
When the Serbian army massacred Bosnian civilians while conducting "ethnic cleansing," they were participating in ______, in which the dominant group makes a systematic effort to destroy a minority group.
Leave and call the authorities
When you have been victimized due to domestic violence, the best course of action is:
the United States
Which country has the lowest percentage of women in national politics?
the band name
Which is NOT a reason parents were unhappy with their children listening to the Beatles?
religious beliefs
Which is NOT an example of material culture?
brahmans
Which is the highest social caste in India's caste system?
what your born with
Which of the following an ascribed status?
objective and measurable phenomena
Which of the following apply to Scientific Knowledge?
Lifelong process of learning to become a member of the social world, beginning at birth and continuing until death
Which of the following defines the term socialization?
sense of self
Which of the following do most sociologists see as a uniquely human characteristic?
Triangulation of multiple data sources
Which of the following do the authors of the text argue is the best way to measure crime?
centralized systems
Which of the following economic systems involves state-based planning and control of property?
market systems
Which of the following economic systems stresses individual planning and private ownership of property?
quicker brain deveopment
Which of the following is NOT a consequence of living in poverty?
higher educational performance
Which of the following is NOT a consequence of poverty?
manipulate variables to match the hypothesis
Which of the following is NOT an example of a procedure of the scientific method?
its alwasy purposly and knowing breaking the law
Which of the following is NOT correct about deviance?
members engaging in structured interaction patterns
Which of the following is a characteristic of a group?
psychology
Which of the following is a example of a soft science?
keeping children off the streets until they can be absorbed into productive roles in society
Which of the following is a latent function of education?
murder
Which of the following is an example of a consensus crime?
race
Which of the following is an example of a socially constructed categorization that changes over time within societies?
all of these are correct
Which of the following is characteristic of a social science such as sociology?
sitting in the back private room of a public restaraunt
Which of the following is most consistent with a backstage action? (Don't overthink this one - which is most obvious?)
networking with friends
Which of the following is not a rite of passage?
not allowing girls to play in the mud becasue girls arent supposed to get dirty
Which of the following is the clearest example of childhood gender socialization?
how quickly the gender gap is clsoing in society
Which of the following resources does not affect which partner does the housework?
Max Weber
Which of the following social scientists distinguishes between legitimate and illegitimate power?
women who are quite large and obese tend to be positive role models
Which of the following statements about gender and the mass media is false?
gender roles are the same throughout the world
Which of the following statements about gender roles is false?
wages and salaries for the upper classs have risen
Which of the following statements about social classes in the United States is true?
wages and saleries have increased since the 1980s
Which of the following statements about the middle class in the United States is false?
A name that is traditionally for males may, for a time, be given to either sex, then preferred for girls
Which of the following statements about the selection of names for children is true?
the idea of being observed affects the subject
Which option describes the Hawthorne effect?
segregation
Which term is used to describe a specific form of subjugation which separates minorities from the dominant group and deprives them of access to the dominant institutions?
qualitative
Which type of research uses field observation?
open
Which type of stratification system allows movement between classes?
the elderly
Who is LESS likely to be living in poverty?
roles and needs
Zari and Ali have been dating for 3 months and are at the point in their relationship where they have begun exploring their common needs, ideas about family roles, and common activities. Which stage of the courtship process are Zari and Ali currently in?
side effect discrimination
Zari is a successful lawyer who has a 5-year-old daughter. Since her daughter entered school, Zari's career has suffered. Zari was recently demoted because the school nurse, Melissa, demands that Zari pick up her daughter from school when she is ill, and Zari's boss expects her to never leave work. The nurse refuses to call Zari's husband because "a sick girl needs her mama." Zari is experiencing ______.
scapegoating
______ occurs when a minority group is blamed for others' failures and shortcomings.
statuses, roles
______ refer to our social positions, and ______ refer to the expectations associated with a social position.
social stratification
______ refers to how individuals are layered or ranked in society according to how many valued resources they possess.
glass ceiling
______ refers to processes that limit the progress of women and other minorities to the highest job or status position because of invisible barriers that bar promotion within an organization.
the social self
______ refers to the perceptions we have of who we are.
Gender: sex
_______ is the social expectations/roles and self-identification and expression. ______ is the designation given at birth, based on one's apparent reproductive anatomy.
They are effective during transitional periods but are often replaced by rational-legal leaders once affairs of state become stable.
which of the following is true of charismatic leaders