Sociology Final Exam

Social Darwinism?

Survival of the fittest

The "TEA" (Taxed Enough Already) Party tends to hold ideology synonymous with the more conservative Republican position(s). True False

True

The Internet has proven to be an important way of involving and organizing large numbers of people. True False

True

When successful, social movements leave a strong legacy for, and a powerful impact on, later movements. True False

True

Deindustrialization

decline in industrial activity in a region or economy due to an economic or social change

according to textbook, what is the net income of a person who earned a bachelor's degree in the US

$82,000

How did de industrialization affect inequality?

-Shrink to middle class -disappearance of jobs in industrial factor -lower middle class mostly affected

________ are events that suddenly, unexpectedly, and severely disrupt and harm the environment, social structure, people, and their property. A. Disasters B. Riots C. Demonstrations D. Social movements

A

_______________ involves variations over time in every aspect of the social world, ranging from changes affecting individuals to transformations having an impact on the globe as a whole. A. Social change B. Social movements C. Social variations D. Social transfer

A

In the United States, and in much of the contemporary world, which of the following is the basis of stratification? A. The money economy B. Symbolic exchanges C. The ability to own the means of production D. The prestige attached to a person's position

A

One of the most common products in the fair trade system is: A. coffee B. T-shirts C. vegetables D. tobacco

A

One theory of global stratification by the ____________ approach is the modernization theory, which explains unequal economic differences based on structural and cultural differences between countries. A. structural/functionalist B. conflict/critical C. interactionist D. ethnomethodological

A

The focus on what groups of people need to do in order to effectively bring about social change is referred to as the __________________________ theory. A. resource mobilization B. emergent norm C. individual mobilization D. cultural resource

A

The income gap between the top 1% of earners in the United States and the bottom 20% of the population has __________________ since 1979. A. increased B. decreased C. stayed the same D. not been recorded

A

Which of the following is NOT a type of resource that is important in the mobilization of social movements? A. Personal assets B. Moral resources C. Cultural resources D. Material resources

A

Difference between sex and gender?

Gender is the physical attributions of a given sex. Sex is the biological distinction between males and females based on reproductive organs

What is gender?

Physical, behavioral, and personality characteristics given a person's sex

What is Racism?

Prejudice, discrimination directed at someone based on the belief that one's own race is superior

How many categories of race can be identified?

Race is socially constructed and you can't identify all of them

What is ethnicity?

State of belonging to a social group that has a common nationality or cultural distinction Ex. African American, Jewish

Gender stratification

inequality in employment, occupations, and wealth

Gender identity

internal sense of female or male based on social roles

How do we measure poverty?

measured by the cost of covering one of the basic needs; food

Identify racial groups

population of people based on their genealogy, skin color, and physical traits Ex. Asians, Native Americans

Eugenics?

possible to improve the human race and society by encouraging reproduction by people or populations with "desirable" traits

Which is the largest occupational category in the US?

-blue collar to white collar -working class to lower middle class jobs

What percent of the population controls 40% of resources (wealth)?

1%

Bill Gates, CEO of Microsoft, is estimated to be worth $48 billion. Today, it is estimated that there are 14 million Americans who are homeless. This disparity between social classes is an example of: A. social differences B. social stratification C. social status D. social equality

B

Maria is a domestic worker for a household where she has no secure contract, worker benefits, or wage agreement. Maria's job is considered part of: A. the Global South economy B. the informal economy C. the domicile economy D. the guest-worker economy

B

Stratification on the global level is often seen as a divide of __________ and _____________. A. East; West B. Global North; Global South C. First World; Second World D. core; periphery

B

The text suggests that those in the Global South suffer from a "double nutritional burden." What makes the burden double? A. Farmers cannot afford to maintain crops and therefore they don't have enough to eat B. Starvation and being underweight from lack of food is a problem; so is obesity from eating too much and in an imbalanced way C. The nutrition of the parents is not good so they have more difficulty delivering healthy children D. There are problems with getting access to enough vegetables and with getting enough protein

B

Which income category contains the largest number of countries according to the ranking by the World Bank? A. High-income economies B. Middle-income economies C. Low-income economies D. The World Bank divided countries equally among these categories

B

_______________ theorists advocate for narrowing the income gap between the very rich and the very poor. A. Structural/functional B. Conflict C. Interaction D. Feminist

B

What is sex?

Biological distinction between males and females; typically based on reproductive organs

According to one estimate, ______________ of the women in the United States are below the poverty line. A. 5.8% B. 13.1% C. 15.8% D. 25.6%

C

Fred has been homeless for over 10 years due to a divorce and a loss of his job. He barely makes enough panhandling to eat every day. Which of these best describes the type of poverty Fred is experiencing? A. Relative poverty B. Indolent poverty C. Absolute poverty D. Comparative poverty

C

How many countries in the world are categorized as "high-income countries"? A. 59 B. 12 C. 75 D. 36

C

Riots, crowds, and disasters are all examples of ____________________________. A. integrative behavior B. agglomerated behavior C. collective behavior D. united behavior

C

Social change is particularly characteristic of the 3 signature concerns in the text: Globalization, Consumption, and __________. A. Collective behavior B. Culture C. Digital world D. All of the above

C

The components of social stratification are: A. lower, middle, and upper class B. power, elite, mobility n C. class, status, and power D. status, symbolism, ascription

C

What is the difference between income and wealth? A. There is no difference; they are synonyms B. Income is one person's earnings; wealth is a household earnings C. Income is measured in money; wealth includes assets other than money D. Income is measured year by year; wealth is a cumulative total

C

World-systems theory divides the world into two parts: the _________ and the ________. A. Global North; Global South B. colonizers; colonized C. core; periphery D. capitalist; noncapitalist

C

According to _____________________, some areas, such as the Mediterranean countries, lack strong central governments and export raw materials to the core. A. neocolonialism B. imperialism C. colonialism D. world-systems theory

D

This theorist argued that elite members of society want their social class membership to be obvious to others, and they accomplish this through conspicuous consumption, and lower classes mimic them. A. Pierre Bourdieu B. Jean Baudrillard C. Erving Goffman D. Georg Simmel

D

Which is (are) the factors in the Emergence of a Social Movement? A. A set of grievances B. Opportunities within the political system C. Spatial arrangements D. All of the above E. None of the above

D

________________ defined social class as a division between the capitalists, who owned the means of production, and the proletariat, who lacked the means of production, thus creating a hierarchical stratification system. A. Max Weber B. Émile Durkheim C. Auguste Comte D. Karl Marx

D

__________________ is the theorist associated with World Systems Theory. A. Walter Rostow B. Pierre Bourdieu C. Arlie Hochschild D. Immanuel Wallerstein

D

Difference between race and ethnicity?

Ethnicity refers to cultural factors for example language and nationality. Race is brown, white, black...non cultural related

According to household...gender gap?

Eventually shrink

Males or females more likely to get higher education ?

Females

Any relationship between gender and poverty?

Feminization of poverty -proletarianization -more and more women, in and out of the workforce, are falling below poverty line

Structural/functionalist theory

Modernization theory: Unequal economic distributions based on cultural diff.

Educational attainment

the highest level of education that an individual has completed

Ethnocentrism?

view that one's own culture is better than anyone else's culture