Sociology Final Exam

According to Parsons, what is the sick role? What obligations or responsibilities does a sick person carry?

A sick person must isolate themselves and strive to get better

Why do sociologists think of medicine as a social institution?

AMA shapes and governs not only medical professionals behavior and have guidelines to who can become professionals. (AMA bosses everyone around)

How do the advertising images of women differ from the advertising images of men?

Advertising is a gendered activity, both in terms of production and consumption: Much of advertising and marketing is targeted at either men or women, but rarely both. Much of the advertising that targets females is emotionally based (love, romance, passion, beauty), while advertising directed at men concentrates on the physical.(strength)

What is an optional ethnicity? Why are ethnic identities optional only for some people?

An individual who can choose who they want to be (Mexican heartige on may 5th) They are only optional to some (whites)

How are boys and girls treated differently at schools?

Boys and girls are treated differently by teachers, and there are different expectations for their behavior and performance. Men are more likely to have 1 on 1 time, they are more likely to continue on with study and receive more praise.

What are gender roles? When does the process of gender role socialization happen?

Gender roles are sets of behavioral norms assumed to accompany one's status as a male or female. The socialization happens even before birth. Gender roles are all those expectations about behavior that define one as man or women.

What is the difference between a glass ceiling and a glass escalator?

Glass ceiling- an invisible limit on women's climb up the occupational ladder Glass escalator- the promotional ride men take to the top of a work organization, especially in feminized jobs

Crossed out

Have a good test

What two approaches does Wilson use to examine the plight of inner city black males?

He looked at it as structure(shaping our choices) and an agency(peoples own free will) approach

Different waves of feminism

In the United States, the history of the women's movement can be divided into three historical waves.

Twigg argues that personal care serves as a marker of social status. How so?

Infant help is nothing to be ashamed of but when an adult needs it they feel it underlines their adulthood

How do Sociologists define inter-sex individuals? What is the main challenge or concern for this group of people?

Intersexed individuals have ambiguous genitalia, and can identify as one sex or the other. The main challenge is after they are born the parents/doctors have to decide if they should be female or male

According to Messner, how did the structure of competitive sports undermine the purpose of developing connections with teammates?

It takes away the "you are out there to have fun"

How did men from lower-status backgrounds explain their involvement in sports? How did this differ for men from higher-status backgrounds?

Lower status said getting involved in sports saw sports as the way out of the criminal life style while upper class saw it as connecting to male figures in their life, like father, uncle, son.

Why is gender considered a social construction?

Most sociologists use a constructionist approach and see gender as a social construction and acknowledge the possibility that the male and female categories are not the only way of classifying individuals.

How have our societal patterns of dying changed over time?

Now about 75% of americans die in hospitals and nursing homes. Not many are dieing in their homes.

Why do sociologists consider health to be a social construction?

Our definitions of good health and bad health have changed over time

What is the difference between sex and gender?

Sex refers to the natural or biological differences that distinguish males and females. Gender is a social construct that consists of a set of social arrangements that are built around sex.

How do sociologists conceptualize gender? Is this different from how existentialists conceptualize gender?

Sociologists see it as a social construction where existentialists see it as other

Why does Jean Kilbourne argue that advertising images can be a form of violence against women?

The images only focus on one part of a woman's body. Because it only focuses on a specific part it is considered violent.

How did the employees navigate being assisgned to different gendered jjobs (women preforming masculine duties, men performing feminized duties)?

The men were uncomfertable doing the "women jobs" while the woman who were working men jobs were tired of the comments but didnt feel uncomfertable during the job.

Describe the relationships between the caretakers and the older people included in Twigg's piece. Did the elderly have preferences for who the caretaker should should be? How did recipients make gendered assumptions about their caretakers?

The relationships could be forced. The females want the same sex and the males want a female because they are more motherly. Men made assumptions about the woman and thought they needed to be married in order to see the naked men. Then they thought the younger women shoudnt see naked men so they dont remove their innocnece

What is a food desert?

There are no grocery stores within 1 mile in an urban area and 10 miles rural

How do sociologists define transgender roles?

Transsexuals are those who may have the genitalia of one sex, but feel as though they are "locked" into the wrong body.

What does bathing mean in context of personal care of the elderly?

Viewed like a luxurity, they think of it as a special treatment. It is viewed as a ridged scheduled thing.

What are some of the influences that led to many boys to sports?

Wanting a connection to their fathers, wanting to be connected to their brothers. (Family influences)

What is medicalization?

Whenever we begin to treat symptoms as illnesses.(Medicalization of birth, not many people have birth at home anymore and go to hospital and it is almost considered as an illness)

How can class status , race/ethnicity, and gender impact health?

Where you live can effect your health

According to williams, how are jobs gendered? What would be an example of a feminized job? Why?

Women can be assigned to cashier while the men stock the shelves

What are some differences between ads that feature white people and ads that feature people of color?

Women in color are shown as exotic and would be shown in cheetah print. They are also shown lighter shades.

How are women discriminated against in the labor market?

Women still face many challenges in the working world today, including unequal pay, sexual harassment, sexism, tracking to certain kinds of jobs, the "feminization" of jobs, the glass ceiling, and more.

What is patriarchy?

subrination of women

Be able to identify the four ways that groups can respond to oppression (withdrawl, passing, resistance, and acceptance).

withdrawl: Someone from a minority group removes themselves by a majority group