Sociology Final Exam Review (Chapters 13, 14, 17, 20, 21)
21: According to The evolution of American protest music, which is an example of protest music? a. All of these. b. This Land Is Your Land by Woody Guthrie c. Alright by Kendrick Lamar d. Mississippi Goddam by Nina Simone
a. All of these
17: Which sociologist saw political conflict as the only means of promoting positive change for the underprivileged? a. Karl Marx b. G. William Domhoff c. Emile Durkheim d. C. Wright Mills
a. Karl Marx
13: The term senescence refers to: a. the aging process, including biological, emotional, intellectual, social, and spiritual changes. b. A term that describes the elderly as a peer group. The idea that elderly people can still feel young in old age. A type of non-profit organization that advocates for the rights of the elderly.
a. the aging process, including biological, emotional, intellectual, social, and spiritual changes.
14: People in the United States typically equate marriage with: a. Religion b. Wealth c. Monogamy d. Power
c. Monogamy
13: Accusing people of DWE (driving while elderly) is considered a type of: a. Clairvoyance b. Functionalism c. Behaviorism d. Ageism
d. Ageism
17: What is traditional authority?
Power legitimized on the basis of long-standing customs
17: What is charismatic authority?
Power legitimized on the leaders' exceptional personal qualities
17: What is rational-legal authority?
Power that is legitimized by rules, regulations, and laws.
17. Please define representative democracy: a. A government wherein citizens elect officials to represent their interests. b. A government of a nation that recognizes monarchs but requires these figures to abide by the laws of a greater constitution. c. A form of government in which power is held by a small, elite group. d. A form of government in which a small percentage of the population is represented by popular election, and the rest of the population is represented by those whose office is dependent upon noble birth.
a. A government wherein citizens elect officials to represent their interests.
21: Which of the following best defines a social movement? a. A group of people organized at a meeting, such as a town hall or a courtroom. b. A purposeful organized group hoping to work toward a common social goal. c. All politicians and elected officials. d. A collection of rights and laws aimed at the silent majority.
a. A group of people organized at a meeting, such as a town hall or a courtroom.
17: Which is true about or defines the Power Elite according to sociologists? a. All of these. b. A subculture whose members follow similar social patterns such as joining elite clubs, attending select schools, and vacationing at a handful of exclusive destinations. c. The small group of powerful people who control much of a society. d. They use government to develop social policies that allow them to keep their wealth.
a. All of these
17: Queen Elizabeth of Great Britain is a leader of which form of government. a. Constitutional monarchy b. Monarchy c. Dictatorship d. Oligarchy
a. Constitutional monarchy
21: Which of the following is not a widely contributing factor in social change? a. Disease b. Social institutions c. Technology d. The environment
a. Disease
14: What is the last stage of Family Life? a. Empty Nest Family b. Divorce Family c. Launching Family d. Dead Family
a. Empty Nest Family
14: According to Monogamy, Explained, what is body size dimorphism? a. In promiscuous species males tend to be 15-25% larger than the females. b. In promiscuous species the females give birth to healthier offspring. c. In promiscuous species the males become small when no females are available. d. In promiscuous species the females become stronger when no males are present.
a. In promiscuous species males tend to be 15-25% larger than the females.
17: From the functionalist perspective, which of the following is NOT a purpose of government? a. Lobbying for domestic corporate interests b. Managing international relations c. Meeting social needs d. Planning and directing society
a. Lobbying for domestic corporate interests
14: Which is one reason that sociologists cite to explain why men and women are delaying marriage until their mid-to-late twenties? a. Many young people place education and career higher than marriage on their list of priorities. b. Many women fear having children too early and, consequently, having to give up a good career. c. Most people in the Millennial generation are caring for their aging parents and do not have time for long term, serious relationships. d. Most men spend at least a year traveling the world to get a better understanding of the world, and consequently, don't want to be tied down by a wife.
a. Many young people place education and career higher than marriage on their list of priorities.
21: PETA (People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals) is an animal rights group that has over 2 million members across the country and spends millions of dollars on advertising (print, broadcast and social media) in order to spread social awareness about their cause each year. Which theory attempts to explain PETA's success? a. Resource mobilization theory b. Frame alignment process c. Collective behavior theory d. New social movement theory
a. Resource mobilization theory
14: Family is a term that is difficult to define. When studying sociology it is important to remember that: a. Sociologists try to keep the definition open to encompass all types of people who are emotionally close to each other. b. Sociologists only consider traditional marriage as a requirement to be a family. c. Sociologist try to keep the definition open so that people who walk by each other on the street are a family. d. Sociologists only consider people who live in the same household to be a family.
a. Sociologists try to keep the definition open to encompass all types of people who are emotionally close to each other.
13: Asymbolic interactionist may choose to study senior centers, and other groups of elderly people. Which theory might they find most useful for their study? a. Subculture of aging theory b. Age stratification theory c. Gero transcendence d. Selective optimization with compensation theory
a. Subculture of aging theory
17: In recent decades, lobbying has become a powerful force in the political world. Lobbyists frequently meet behind closed doors with senators, lawmakers, and congressmen and women to push influential legislation through the congressional process. Which sociological perspective would be most interested in examining the lobbying movement? a. Symbolic interactionism b. Exchange theory c. Feminist d. Functionalism
a. Symbolic interacitonism
14: In which part of the family life cycle, do sociologists point to as the most stressful time for marriage? a. The birth of the first child b. The engagement period c. The first year of marriage d. The birth of the last child
a. The birth of the first child
21: Which of the following is the best definition of social change? a. The change in society created through social movements as well as external factors like environmental shifts or technological innovations. b. An act of military rebellion. c. A group of people gathered to protest or rally in favor of a bill or law. d. An act of a bill passing in the House and the Senate.
a. The change in society created through social movements as well as external factors like environmental shifts or technological innovations.
20: Which is an aspect of city life that might catch a human ecologist's attention? a. The decision to make sidewalks narrower so that a city road can provide on-street parking. b. The number of nannies that can be found in Central Park on a given day. c. The number of male nannies that take care of children in New York City. d. The NIMBY movement to prevent a giant chain from opening near a high rise apartment building.
a. The decision to make sidewalks narrower so that a city road can provide on-street parking.
13: Sociologists have adopted the phrase, "the graying of the United States." What does this phrase mean? a. The greatest part of the population is reaching the age of 65 and entering old age. b. People are living under so much stress now, that they are going gray early. c. Gray is culturally considered beautiful and thus people are bleaching their hair. d. With industrialization and the building of big cities, there is very little green nature left and everything is the color of steel.
a. The greatest part of the population is reaching the age of 65 and entering old age.
20: If we consider the concentric zone model, which is a conflict theorist's critique? a. The model fails to show the gentrification of neighborhoods as certain classes start to take over cities. b. The model does not show any careful city planning that usually takes place when a city is born. c. The model fails to explore areas of overlap where a business might be located in a suburb or people might live above their businesses in the city. d. The model fails to take into account all the parks and playgrounds in the city.
a. The models fails to show the gentrification of neighborhoods as certain classes start to take over cities.
14: Which factors do sociologists suspect were the cause for such a high divorce rate during the 1960's? a. There was an increase in women working outside of the home, and also, greater social acceptance of divorce. b. Men were granted more freedom and often allowed to work from home which put more strain on their marital relationships, and which also coincided with women becoming more educated and more aware of their legal rights. c. Most people divorcing in the 1960's grew up during World War II and struggled to make the austerity of their childhood correlate with their more abundant and fruitful lifestyles in the 1960's. d. The 1960's saw the birth of the zero-tolerance concept, which many men and women applied to their marriages, and which, many in society thought a great idea.
a. There was an increase in women working outside of the home, and also, greater social acceptance of divorce.
13: Ageism is discrimination (when someone acts on a prejudice) based on age. a. True b. False
a. True
13: One hindrance to society's fuller understanding of aging is that people rarely understand the process of aging until they reach old age themselves. This lack of understanding is in stark contrast to our perspective on childhood, something we've all experienced. a. True b. False
a. True
14: According to Vox's Do I want kids? video in the USA women spend more than a third of their (median) full-time earnings on childcare. a. True b. False
a. True
14: According to Vox's Do I want kids? video parents are significantly less happy than non-parents. a. True b. False
a. True
14: Family is a socially recognized group (usually joined by blood, marriage, cohabitation, or adoption) that forms an emotional connection and serves as an economic unit of society. a. True b. False
a. True
17: According to The Electoral College, Explained, in the past twenty years, two presidents have won the presidency without winning the popular vote. a. True b. False
a. True
17: According to The Electoral College, Explained, the electoral college means that citizens are voting for who their state will vote for, not by popular vote which is who the citizen wants to vote for. a. True b. False
a. True
17: According to Whose Vote Counts, Explained, The Voting Rights Act of 1965 states that had disenfranchised the most citizens were required to get preclearance from the federal government if they wanted to make voting harder. a. True b. False
a. True
17: According to Whose Vote Counts, Explained, The Voting Rights act was passed after Black people who marched on Selma, Alabama for the right to vote were brutally attacked shocking the nation. a. True b. False
a. True
17: According to Whose Vote Counts, Explained, the Voting Rights Act was struck down by the Supreme Court ending the policing of voter suppression. a. True b. False
a. True
17: In most cases, constitutional monarchies feature elected prime ministers whose leadership role is far more involved and significant than that of its title's monarchs. a. True B. False
a. True
17: Patriarchy is an example of the traditional type of authority. a. True b. False
a. True
17: Power is the ability to exercise one's will over others a. True b. False
a. True
20: 97% of the water on earth is salt water which is dehydrating. a. True b. False
a. True
20: According to The End of Oil, Explained in order for Nigeria to leapfrog to renewable energy, it would take an investment of USD $70 billion. a. True b. False
a. True
20: According to The End of Oil, Explained the world emits more than 50 billion tons of greenhouse gases per year in our modern age. a. True b. False
a. True
20: According to The Water Crisis, Explained by 2040 most of the world won't have enough water to meet demand year round. a. True b. False
a. True
20: Demography is the study of populations. a. True b. False
a. True
20: The End of Oil, Explained the abundance of resources does not necessarily mean economic prosperity for a country that can be exploited by more powerful countries. a. True b. False
a. True
21: New Social Movement Theory is more of a perspective that revolves around understanding movements as they relate to politics, identity, culture, and social change. a. True b. False
a. True
21: Revolutionary movements seek to completely change every aspect of society. a. True b. False
a. True
21: States can be involved before and after national decisions. a. True b. False
a. True
21: The level of modernity within a society is judged by the sophistication of its technology, particularly as it relates to infrastructure, industry, and the like. a. True b. False
a. True
21: Those who are savvy and engaged with social media may emerge as leaders, even if they are not great public speakers. a. True b. False
a. True
14: According to Monogamy, Explained what is the culturally accepted narrative for why humans created monogamy if the rule was so hard to follow? a. Women trade sexual fidelity to men in exchange for goods and services. b. Men who are married live longer. c. Humans are masochist d. For social prestige
a. Women trade sexual fidelity to men in exchange for goods and services.
20: Josh sits in his kitchen in the city projects trying to sip his coffee while inhaling the nauseating fumes wafting from the town dump that was relocated to within a mile of his home. He desperately wishes he could move, but he works two jobs just to make ends meet for his family. Josh lives in the poorer part of town; the part that is greatly overlooked by local government officials. What might a sociologist call this phenomenon? a. environmental racism b. gentrification c. white flight d. urbanization
a. environmental racism
21: Which is the definition of the digital divide? a. the increasing gap between the technological haves and have-nots b. a perspective that revolves around understanding movements as they relate to politics, identity, culture, and social change. c. a way to explain movement success in terms of the ability to acquire resources and mobilize individuals d. the processes that increase the amount of specialization and differentiation of structure in societies resulting in the move from an undeveloped society to a developed, technologically driven society
a. the increasing gap between the technological haves and have-nots
13: Which of the following is NOT true about old age? a. Elderly people start dying their hair to replace the color they lose. b. Elderly people lose all appetite and drive for sex. c. Elderly men sometimes start to go bald as they age. d. Women notice wrinkles as one of the first signs of aging.
b. Elderly people lose all appetite and drive for sex.
14: A family of procreation describes one that is formed through marriage. a. True b. False
b. False
14: A family of procreation refers to the family into which a person is born. a. True b. False
b. False
17: The force of power for legal-rational authority is based on a leader's personal qualities. a. True b. False
b. False
20: According to The Water Crisis, Explained today five in ten people on earth can count on having running water in their homes. a. True b. False
b. False
20: One quarter pound hamburger takes 1,000 liters of water to produce. a. True b. False
b. False
20: The fertility rate is a measure of the number of people who die. a. True b. False
b. False
20: The mortality rate of a society is a measure noting the number of children born. a. True b. False
b. False
21: According to The story behind this iconic Olympics protest, the right gloved fist represented Black unity and the left gloved fist represented the power of Black America. a. True b. False
b. False
21: In the preliminary stage, the movement no longer requires grassroots volunteerism: it is an established organization, typically with a paid staff. a. True b. False
b. False
14:Why do sociologists find the study of family to be so important when trying to grasp the mores and norms of a culture? a. Families almost never reinforce the values of the society in which they live, and thus can bring about change without much effort. b. Families provide for each other as well as carry out and teach a particular culture to other members of the family. c. Families are so isolated from society at large that they become tiny independent societies. d. Families tend to be apathetic towards culture whereas young unmarried people reinforce social rituals and ideologies.
b. Families provide for each other as well as carry out and teach a particular culture to other members of the family.
14: Passing on one's heritage, possessions, and wealth is: a. The right of the first-born male in every country in the world. b. Generally based on lineage, which is defined by one's culture and family. c. based on one's relationship with one's younger siblings. d. The right of the first-born female in every country in the world.
b. Generally based on lineage, which is defined by one's culture and family.
13: When elderly people are considered elders and leaders of a group of people, they are functioning under a(n): a. Republic b. Gerontocracy c. Oligarchy d. Meritocracy
b. Gerontocracy
17: What is the difference between oligarchy and a monarchy? a. There is no difference - both members achieve status based on ties to noble ancestry. b. Members of an oligarchy do not necessarily achieve their status based on ties to noble ancestry, while members of a monarchy do. c. Both are elected by a democratic process, but monarchies have the right to override the popular vote. d. Members of a monarchy do not necessarily achieve their status based on ties to noble ancestry, while members of an oligarchy do.
b. Members of an oligarchy do not necessarily achieve their status based on ties to noble ancestry, while members of a monarchy do.
21: Which is an example of a local social movement? a. the Pro Life movement b. Students at UNC Chapel Hill organizing to get the Silent Sam statue removed c. Marriage Equality d. Black Lives Matter
b. Students at UNC Chapel Hill organizing to get the Silent Sam statue remove
21: According to The story behind this iconic Olympics protest, the 1968 Olympics protest almost did not happen because of what? a. A boycott against homophobia within the Olympics. b. An active shooter being falsely reported at the event c. A boycott that was being planned where Black athletes were protesting the treatment of Black people within sports and outside of it. d. One of the men almost did not try out to make the team
c. A boycott that was being planned where Black athletes were protesting the treatment of Black people within sports and outside of it.
17: Kendra believes the U.S. government to be corrupt, and thinks that there should be no governing force to control people's lives. Kendra believes in: a. Democracy b. Constitutional monarchy c. Anarchy d. Oligarchies
c. Anarchy
13: Why might elderly women enjoy sex more and not less in old age? a. Children are grown and can take care of themselves b. No fear of unwanted pregnancy c. Both of these answers
c. Both of these answers
17: Hitler was an example of what kind of authority? a. Rational-legal b. Traditional c. Charismatic d. None of these
c. Charismatic
21: When news of Proposition 8 broke in California in 2008, hundreds of thousands of protestors came together using Twitter, Facebook, and the media to get their message of protest out. Which stage of Blumer and Tilly's social movement outline represents this? a. Institutionalization stage b. Technological response stage c. Coalescence stage d. Social media stage
c. Coalescence stage
17: Which sociological perspective would consider activism such as Occupy Wall Street and Teacher's Union rallies undesirable, because they force political change? a. Symbolic interactionism b. Feminist c. Functionalism d. Conflict theory
c. Functionalism
20: What is the conflict theorist's perspective on population and urbanization issues? a. Might research topics like the way family-planning information is presented to and understood by different population groups, the way people experience and understand urban life, and the language people use to convince others of the presence (or absence) of global climate change. b. Might focus on the way all aspects of population, urbanization, and the environment serve as vital and cohesive elements, ensuring the continuing stability of society. c. Might ask how peripheral nations' lack of family planning affects their overall population in comparison to core nations that tend to have lower fertility rates.
c. Might ask how peripheral nations' lack of family planning affects their overall population in comparison to core nations that tend to have lower fertility rates.
13: Some conflict theorists ascribe to the idea that as time and technology move forward, elderly people are left behind and they lose social standing and power. Which specific theory does this describe? a. Continuity theory b. Age stratification theory c. Modernization theory d. Exchange theory
c. Modernization theory
14: If you work with children, why is it important to be ever vigilant for any signs of child abuse? a. The child being abused may need extra help with focusing, learning, and concentrating. b. Social Services will sue you if you miss any sign of child abuse. c. Most reports of child abuse come from non-relative adults who interact with the child. d. The child being abused may be made fun of by his or her peers, which may cause more emotional distress.
c. Most reports of child abuse come from non-relative adults who interact with the child.
21: The Human Rights Campaign (HRC) is a non-profit organization located in Washington, D.C. which advocates for equal rights and marriage rights of gay, lesbian, transgender, and bisexual citizens. The HRC is a ____ group: a. Revolutionary b. Alternative c. Reform d. Religious/Redemptive
c. Reform
21: The National Organization for Marriage is a group which travels across the country, condemning homosexuality and advocating against new laws allowing gay marriage. What type of movement are they participating in? a. Reform b. Revolutionary c. Resistance d. Alternative
c. Resistance
13: While visiting your dad at his nursing home, you see an elderly lady sitting at the table with a full tray of food in front of her. She is in a wheelchair and seems depressed. You conclude that she is experiencing: a. Tertiary aging b. Quaternary aging c. Secondary aging d. Primary aging
c. Secondary aging
14: What is one of the biggest challenges facing groups and organizations that try to prevent intimate partner violence (IPV)? a. Most people do not know what IPV is. b. IPV is not taken seriously by the court system. c. The victims of IPV do not report the abuse. d. IPV almost never happens, so it is difficult to locate and predict.
c. The victims of IPV do not report the abuse.
20: What is one way the people of the United States, and the world, are reaching and abusing the Earth's carrying capacity? a. We eat animals when we should really only eat plants which are much more renewable. b. We spend money ejecting trash into outer space. c. We show little concern about contaminating water with our garbage and waste. d. We have created parks and protected forested areas, sometimes in vain.
c. We show little concern about contaminating water with our garbage and waste.
13: ______ new cases of AIDS occurs in adults over the age of sixty-five a. 1 in 2 b. 1 in 5 c. 1 in 6 d. 1 in 3
d. 1 in 3
14: According to Vox's Do I want kids? video less than _____% of female people over the age of 42's eggs are chromosonally normal. a. 40 b. 30 c. 10 d. 20
d. 20
13: Your grandmother is still very active and loves to get her friends together for bridge of Friday. They always talk about all those old-old people down at the senior center who like to play bingo. About how old are the old-old senior citizens to whom they are referring? a. 72 b. 67 c. 75 d. 85
d. 85
20: Why do we have two words for a big city: metropolis and megalopolis? a. A metropolis has less than 2 million people, while a megalopolis has more than 5 million people. b. A metropolis is characterized by the presence of a subway, while a megalopolis is characterized by a public bus system. c. A metropolis only has domestic airports while a megalopolis has international airports. d. A metropolis is just one city while a megalopolis includes many different cities.
d. A metropolis is just one city while a megalopolis includes many different cities.
13: Hospice is: a. a nursing home for elderly people who need more care than their families can provide b. a more luxurious type of nursing home c. A type of disease prevention facility. d. A type of healthcare that treats terminally ill people when "cure-oriented treatments" are no longer an option
d. A type of healthcare that treats terminally ill people when "cure-oriented treatments" are no longer an option
20: Besides fracking's huge use of water was are other concerns regarding it? a. Gas is not a renewable source of energy; this is a negative in the eyes of those who oppose continued reliance on fossil fuels. b. The chemicals used in a fracking mix are potentially carcinogenic. c. These chemicals may pollute groundwater near the extraction site. c. Fracking causes minor earthquakes by undermining the seismic stability of an area, though far more induced earthquakes are caused by traditional oil and gas production. d. All of these.
d. All of these
13: What is the basic idea behind disengagement theory? a. As people age, they think less and less about being married to their spouse, and more about their individuality. b. As people age, they disengage with their friends in order to spend more time with their families. c. As people age, they begin to lose their friends and family and spend their last days mourning their losses. d. As people age, they generally withdraw from all forms of society.
d. As people age, they generally withdraw from all forms of society.
20: Which of the following is one of the many concerns with the practice of fracking? a. The chemicals used in a fracking mix create a potentially putrid odor. b. Fracking includes drilling vertically into the rock to create new pathways for gas to travel. c. Fracking may cause volcanoes to erupt by undermining the seismic stability of an area. d. Fracking requires a huge amount of water.
d. Fracking requires a huge amount of water.
21: According to The evolution of American protest music, This Land Is Your Land by Woody Guthrie was a response to which patriotic song? a. America the Beautiful b. Yankee Doodle c. The Star Spangled Banner d. God Bless America
d. God Bless America
14: When Maria married John, she moved to John's house which was adjacent to his parent's house. Her mother-in-law was always over giving Maria advice on everything from decorating to icing cakes. Maria lives in a: a. Matridistant residence b. Patridistant residence c. Matrilocal residence d. Patrilocal residence
d. Patrilocal residence
20: According to The End of Oil, Explained which is NOT an example of net zero carbon emissions? a. Restoring wetlands b. Restoring forests c. Carbon capture technology d. Producing zero carbon emissions
d. Producing zero carbon emissions
20: A sociologist is studying how the population of certain countries influences and affects the population and environment of other neighboring countries. This sociologist is most likely a: a. Feminist b. Symbolic interactionist c. Conflict theorist d. Structural functionalist
d. Structural functionalist
21: According to The evolution of American protest music, American Idiot by Green Day took aim at which war? a. The Syrian Civil war b. None of these. c. The war in Afghanistan d. The war in Iraq
d. The war in Iraq
14: To a conflict theorist, marriage and families are fascinating because: a. All teenagers always fight with their parents. b. All married men and women fight every single day of their lives. c. No one ever gets what they want, so everyone compromises. d. Within the family are social standings and power struggles.
d. Within the family are social standings and power struggles.