Sociology quiz 1

Which statement illustrates low status consistency?

A college dropout launches an online company that earns millions in its first year.

Which statement represents stratification from the perspective of symbolic interactionism?

After work, Pat, a janitor, feels more comfortable eating in a truck stop than a French restaurant.

During the civil rights movement, Rosa Parks and other black protestors spoke out against segregation by refusing to sit at the back of the bus. This is an example of ________.

An act of deviance

Which of the following scenarios is an example of intergenerational mobility?

An executive belongs to a different class than her parents.

According to the concept of the power elite, why would a celebrity such as Charlie Sheen commit a crime?

Because his fame protects him from retribution

Which person best illustrates opportunities for upward social mobility in the United States?

First-generation college student

What factor makes caste systems closed?

People cannot change their social standings.

Which of the following situations best describes crime trends in the United States?

Rates of violent and nonviolent crimes are decreasing.

Social stratification is a system that:

Social stratification is a system that:

Which of the following best describes how deviance is defined?

Socially defined

What factor makes class systems open?

They allow for movement between the classes.

What is a disadvantage of the National Crime Victimization Survey (NCVS)?

What is a disadvantage of the National Crime Victimization Survey (NCVS)?

Structural mobility occurs when:

a large group moves up or down the class ladder due to societal changes

According to social disorganization theory, crime is most likely to occur where?

a neighborhood where people don't know each other very well

Maya is a twelve-year-old girl living in Thailand. She is homeless, and often does not know where she will sleep or when she will eat. We might say that Maya lives in __________________ poverty.

absolute

In the past, the United States manufactured clothes. Many clothing corporations have shut down their U.S. factories and relocated to China. This is an example of:

capital flight

Slavery in the pre-Civil War U.S. South most closely resembled

chattel slavery

Which of these systems allows for the most social mobility?

class system

The behaviors, customs, and norms associated with a class are known as:

class traits

A sociologist who focuses on the way that multinational corporations headquartered in core nations exploit the local workers in their peripheral nation factories is using a __________________ perspective to understand the global economy.

conflict theory

France might be classified as which kind of nation?

core

Dependency theorists explain global inequality and global stratification by focusing on the way that:

core nations exploit peripheral nations

A __________________ perspective theorist might find it particularly noteworthy that wealthy corporations improve the quality of life in peripheral nations by providing workers with jobs, pumping money into the local economy, and improving transportation infrastructure.

functional

Conflict theorists view capitalists as those who:

get rich while workers stay poor

A student has a habit of talking on her cell phone during class. One day, the professor stops his lecture and asks her to respect the other students in the class by turning off her phone. In this situation, the professor used ________ to maintain social control.

informal negative sanctions

One day, you decide to wear pajamas to the grocery store. While you shop, you notice people giving you strange looks and whispering to others. In this case, the grocery store patrons are demonstrating ________. A

informal sanctions

One flaw in modernization theory is the unwillingness to recognize _______.

its inherent ethnocentric bias

In the United States, most people define themselves as:

middle class

If a sociologist says that nations evolve toward more advanced technology and more complex industry as their citizens learn cultural values that celebrate hard work and success, she is using ______________ theory to study the global economy.

modernization theory

Occupational prestige means that jobs are:

not equally valued

A student wakes up late and realizes her sociology exam starts in five minutes. She jumps into her car and speeds down the road, where she is pulled over by a police officer. The student explains that she is running late, and the officer lets her off with a warning. The student's actions are an example of _________.

primary deviance

______ deviance is a violation of norms that ______ result in a person being labeled a deviant.

primary/ does not

Which graphic concept best illustrates the concept of social stratification?

pyramid

Mike, a college student, rents a studio apartment. He cannot afford a television and lives on cheap groceries like dried beans and ramen noodles. Since he does not have a regular job, he does not own a car. Mike is living in:

relative poverty

According to C. Wright Mills, which of the following people is most likely to be a member of the power elite?

senator

The basic premise of the Davis-Moore thesis is that the unequal distribution of rewards in social stratification:

serves a purpose in society

Societies practice social control to maintain ________.

social order

Faith has a full-time job and two children. She has enough money for the basics and can pay her rent each month, but she feels that, with her education and experience, her income should be enough for her family to live much better than they do. Faith is experiencing:

subjective poverty

One flaw in dependency theory is the unwillingness to recognize _______.

that previously low-income nations such as China have successfully developed their economies and can no longer be classified as dependent on core nations

The GNI PPP figure represents:

the average annual income of a country's citizens

Spousal abuse is an example of a ________.

violent crime

A sociologist working from a symbolic interaction perspective would:

want to interview women working in factories to understand how they manage the expectations of their supervisors, make ends meet, and support their households on a day-to-day basis

Shaw and McKay found that crime is linked primarily to ______.

wealth

A convicted sexual offender is released on parole and arrested two weeks later for repeated sexual crimes. How would labeling theory explain this?

The offender has been labeled deviant by society and has accepted a new master status.

In a U.S. town, a mining company owns all the stores and most of the houses. It sells goods to the workers at inflated prices, offers house rentals for twice what a mortgage would be, and makes sure to always pay the workers less than needed to cover food and rent. Once the workers are in debt, they have no choice but to continue working for the company, since their skills will not transfer to a new position. This situation most closely resembles:

debt slavery

Unlike Davis and Moore, Melvin Tumin believed that, because of social stratification, some qualified people were ______________ higher-level job positions.

denied the opportunity to obtain

If a sociologist points out that core nations dominate the global economy, in part by creating global interest rates and international tariffs that will inevitably favor high-income nations over low-income nations, he is a:

dependency theorist

When Karl Marx said workers experience alienation, he meant that workers:

do not feel connected to their work

Based on meritocracy, a physician's assistant would:

earn a pay raise for doing excellent work

Which of the following is an example of corporate crime?

embezzlement