Sociology Quiz 7

The term crime can be defined as: A. A behavior that violates official law and is punishable through formal sanctions. B. A harmful action directed at the authorities. C. A sequence of events leading to incarceration. D. An unintended consequence of necessary action.

A. A behavior that violates official law and is punishable through formal sanctions.

Functionalist Émile Durkheim believed some deviance within society was: A. Necessary; it challenged people's views. B. Dangerous; it encouraged disruptive behavior. C. Insignificant; deviance within society is largely ignored. D. Instrumental; it encouraged the population to rebel.

A. Necessary; it challenged people's views.

The term deviance can be defined as: A. The act of notifying authorities when criminal acts are occurring. B. A violation of established contextual, cultural, or social norms, whether folkways, mores, or codified law. C. Social reward for the violation of norms. D. The regulation and enforcement of norms.

B. A violation of established contextual, cultural, or social norms, whether folkways, mores, or codified law.

In general, which types of crime are most likely to have the most victims per act or series of acts? A. Street crime B. Corporate crime C. Violent crime D. International crime

B. Corporate Crime

True or False: Deviance is always considered a crime? A. True B. False

B. False

Which of the following is not a branch of the U.S. Criminal Justice System? A. The police B. The jury C. The courts D. The corrections system

B. The jury

An average of _____ people in the United States fall victim to hate crimes each year? A. 100,000 B. 150,000 C. 195,000 D. 200,000

C. 195,000

Strain theory: A. Argues that morality is based on wealth. D. Asserts that motivation and personal responsibility are the key factors in living a healthy lifestyle. C. Addresses the relationship between having socially acceptable goals and having socially proper means to reach those goals. D. States individuals learn deviant behavior from those close to them who provide models of and opportunities for deviance.

C. Addresses the relationship between having socially acceptable goals and having socially proper means to reach those goals.

Jake receives a promotion at his law firm after winning an important case. This is an example of a: A. Positive informal sanction B. Negative informal sanction C. Positive formal sanction D. Negative formal sanction

C. Positive formal sanction

Among these choices, which is the primary motivator of hate crimes? A. Disability or ability B. Socioeconomic status C. Religion D. Gender

C. Religion

In first grade, Scott is unfairly singled out by his teacher for bad behavior, partly because his older brothers had behavioral problems themselves. Throughout grade school, Scott gains a reputation as a "problem" child. Scott eventually drops out of school, thinking he was born to fail anyway. Which school of thought best fits Scott's experience? A. Strain theory B. Control theory C. Differential association D. Labeling theory

D. Labeling theory

Social control is: A. An arrangement of practices and behaviors on which society's members base their daily lives. B. A system that has the authority to make decisions based on law. C. A label that describes the chief characteristic of an individual. D. The regulation and enforcement of norms.

D. The regulation and enforcement of norms.

The term secondary deviance can be defined as: A. When positive formal sanctions cause an individual to deviate from society's expectations. B. When a violation of norms does not result in any long-term effects on the individual's self-image or interactions with others. C. When negative informal sanctions encourage an individual to seek more positive behavioral choices. D. When a person's self-concept and behavior begin to change after his or her actions are labeled as deviant by members of society.

D. When a person's self-concept and behavior begin to change after his or her actions are labeled as deviant by members of society.

Which theorist studied the power elite, and the influence they had over society? A. Karl Marx B. Carl Sagan C. Émile Durkheim D. Wright Mills

D. Wright Mills

Match the sociologist to his theory

Edwin Sutherland ---- Differential association Travis Hirschi ---- Control theory Robert Merton ---- Strain theory Clifford Shaw and Henry McKay ---- Cultural deviance theory