Sociology Test 2

A temporary, loosely formed collection of people who may or may not interact is a _________ a. crowd. b. group. c. category. d. population.

A

According to Piaget, in which stage of human development do individuals experience the world only through sensory contact? A. Sensorimotor stage B. Pre operational stage C. Concrete operational stage D. Formal operational stage

A

Imagine you are watching several dozen passengers sitting in an airport gate area waiting to board a plane. These people are an example of a _________ a. crowd. b. group. c. category. d. network.

A

What concept refers to the lifelong social experience by which human beings develop their potential and learn culture? a. Socialization b. Personality c. Human nature d. Behaviorism

A

A majority of adults in the United States report engaging in homosexual activity at some point in their lives.

False

A status set refers to the roles people have over the course of their lifetimes.

False

During the last century, the mass media have had a declining influence on people in the United States.

False

Homophobia refers to a fear of sexuality.

False

Homosexuality and heterosexuality are mutually exclusive, meaning that all people fall into one category or the other.

False

Sociologists point out that human sexual attitudes and behavior are very similar across all cultures.

False

Sociologists use the concept "status" to refer to someone's importance.

False

Standards of human beauty are exactly the same for people everywhere in the world.

False

Transgender is a simple matter of sexual orientation.

False

For Jean Piaget, at which stage of development do individuals first use language and other cultural symbols? a. Sensorimotor stage b. Pre operational stage c. Concrete operational stage d. Formal operational stage

B

In Freud's model of personality, which element of the personality represents a person's efforts to balance the demands of society and innate pleasure-seeking drives? a. Id b. Ego c. Superego d. Generalized other

B

In the nature versus nurture debate, sociologists claim that _______ a. nature is far more important than nurture. b. nurture is far more important than nature. c. nature and nurture have equal importance. d. neither nature nor nurture creates the essence of our humanity.

B

What do sociologists call two or more people who identify and interact with one another? a. A dyad b. A social group c. A network d. A crowd

B

Which concept refers to the tension among roles connected to a single status? a. Role conflict b. Role strain c. Role ambiguity d. Role exit

B

Our basic drives or needs as humans are reflected in Freud's concept of the _______ a. superego. b. ego. c. id. d. generalized other.

C

What concept refers to a social position that is received at birth or involuntarily assumed later in life? a. Passive role b. Master status c. Ascribed status d. Achieved status

C

_________refers to group leadership that emphasizes collective well-being. a. Democratic leadership b. Authoritarian leadership c. Expressive leadership d. Instrumental leadership

C

At any given time you occupy a number of statuses. These statuses make up your ________ a. master status. b. role set. c. achieved statuses. d. status set.

D

The concept "bureaucracy" refers to ________ a. a large, normative organization. b. any source of inefficiency in organizational operation. c. an organizational model that operates informally. d. an organizational model rationally designed to perform tasks efficiently.

D

The process by which people act and react in relation to others is called ________ a. social connectedness. b. social construction. c. social dynamics. d. social interaction.

D

What concept refers to a person's fairly consistent pattern of acting, thinking, and feeling? a. Socialization b. Behavior c. Human nature d. Personality

D

What is the term for group leadership that emphasizes the completion of tasks? a. Democratic leadership b. Authoritarian leadership c. Expressive leadership d. Instrumental leadership

D

What is the term for the process by which people disengage from important social roles? a. Role rejection b. Role reversal c. Role loss d. Role exit

D

"Groupthink" is a form of social conformity among members of groups.

True

A person's racial or ethnic identity is largely an ascribed status.

True

Being a professional baseball player is mostly an achieved status.

True

Expressive leaders are more likely than instrumental leaders to enjoy more personal affection from group members.

True

Historically, U.S. culture discouraged open discussion of sexuality, so researchers did not begin to study sexuality until the middle of the twentieth century.

True

In addition to keeping their individuality, members of a social group also think of themselves as a special "we."

True

In general, people in secondary groups are more likely than people in primary groups to "keep score" in terms of who owes what to whom.

True

Members of a peer group share common interests, social position, and a similar age.

True

Of all social institutions, the family has the greatest impact on socialization.

True

Pornography is a moral issue for some people and a power issue for others.

True

Primary sex characteristics refer to reproductive organs.

True

Schools provide children with early experience of bureaucracy.

True

Social structure, including status and role, provides a guide for everyday living.

True

Sociobiologists point out that, in every society throughout the world, people are attracted to youthfulness.

True

The leadership style that allows group members the most autonomy is "laissez-faire."

True

The sociologist who explored the primary group was Charles Horton Cooley.

True

The term "master status" refers to being the best in one's occupational field.

True

There are few areas of life in which sexuality does not play some part.

True

Through their social interaction, people create the reality they experience.

True

Transgender is a concept that refers to appearance or behavior in ways that challenge conventional gender norms.

True

What we know about the later lives of socially isolated children such as Isabell and Genie supports the findings of the Harlow's research.

True