Sociology test over ch 12

boomerang kids

children who return to the home after completing college

Structural Functionalism views on family

one of the basic institutions that keeps society running smoothly by providing functions such as producing and socializing children, economic production, instrumental and emotional support, and sexual control.

Custody

physical and legal responsibility or caring for children and is assigned by a court for divorced or unmarried parents.

Doing the Work of Family: Expressive tasks

refer to the emotional work necessary to support family members (remembering a relative's birthday or playing with the kids).

Doing the Work of Family: Instrumental tasks

refer to the practical physical tasks necessary to maintain family life (washing dishes and cutting grass).

exogamy

refers to marriage to someone from a different social group

Endogamy

refers to marriage to someone within one's social group (race, ethnicity, class, education, religion, region, or nationality)

Kin

relatives or relations, usually those related by common descent.

Current life expectancy in the United States is:

seventy-seven years (with women living an average of five years longer than men)

Monogamy

the practice of marrying (or being in a relationship with) one person at a time, is still considered the only legal form of marriage in modern Western culture.

Family defined by the US Census Bureau

two or more individuals related by blood, marriage, or adoption living in the same household.

Homogamy

"like marries like," and is demonstrated by the fact that we tend to choose mates who are similar to use in class, race, ethnicity, age, religion, education, and even levels of attractiveness.

Separated and divorced individuals experience:

-higher mortality rates -higher injury and accident rates -higher disease rates -significantly more psychological problems -significant loss of income and income status -80% of all women actually drop below the poverty line in terms of income after a divorce within

There are negative outcomes for children of divorce in the following areas:

-juvenile delinquency and legal problems -performance in school -overall life achievement -self esteem -psychological adjustment and testing

Trends in American Families

1)The increase in the number of people who are single 2) an increase in the number of people who are cohabitating 3) an increase in the number of single parents 4) the increasing number of people who are living in intentional communities (any of a variety of groups who form communal living arrangements outside marriage)

What percentage of marriages end in divorce?

50%

Most common form of family violence:

Domestic violence

Postmodern Family

Families adapting to the challenges of a postmodern society may create family structures that look very different from the "traditional" family and can include ex-spouses, new partners and children, other kin, and even non kin such as friends and coworkers.

sandwich generation

The increasing number of people who must meet the demands of simultaneously caring for elderly parents and adult children

incest taboo

This is a norm that forbids people from having sexual relations with and marrying close kin.

Serialmonogamy

This is a norm that permits a person to have multiple spouses over his or her lifetime but only one at a time

monogamy

This is a norm that requires the marriage and partnership of one woman and one man for a lifetime.

marriage

This is a socially approved sexual and economic relationship between two or more persons that is assumed to be permanent and includes mutual rights and obligations

family

This is any sexually expressive or parent-child relationship in which people have a sense of mutual commitment, provide mutual aid and support and identify with other members of the group

Interdependence

This is the degree to which partners rely on each other to provide affection, companionship, sex, money

Endogamy

a norm that requires people to find marriage partners within their own group or social category.

Exogamy

a norm which requires people to find marriage partners outside their own group or social category

Family defined by sociologists

a social group whose members are bound by legal, biological, or emotional ties, or a combination of all three

Polygamy

a system of marriage that allows people to have more than one spouse at a time, is practiced among some subcultures around the world but is not widely acknowledged as a legitimate form of marriage.

Domestic violence

any physical, verbal, financial, sexual, or psychological behaviors abusers use to gain and maintain power over their victims.

American population is aging because of the:

baby boom generation (the large number of Americans born in the post World War II era).

Conflict theorists

believe that society revolves around conflict over scarce resources, and that conflict within the family is also about the competition for resources: time, energy, and the leisure to pursue recreational activities.

Symbolic interactionists

examine the types of social dynamics and interactions that create and sustain families, emphasizing the ways that our experiences of family bonds are socially created rather than naturally existing.

Children's experiences are shaped by:

family size, birth order, presence or absence of parents, socioeconomic status, and other sociological variables.

Family

heterosexual couple with one or more children living in a single household

Propinquity

is the tendency to marry or have relationships with people in close geographic proximity

Extended family

large group of relatives, usually including at least three generations living either in one household or in close proximity.

OVERBENEFITED INEQUITY

you think you are getting too much from the relationship for what you think you deserve

UNDERBENEFITED INEQUITY

you think you are not getting out of the relationship what you think you deserve

The Second Shift (Arlie Hochschild)

• 1. The Second Shift: woman's responsibility for housework and child care o When men do housework, they are "helping out" o Men are likely to be in charge of non-daily chores, women daily chores o Adult daughter often primary caregivers to the parent • 2. Positive outcomes when men and women share second shift o more stable and happy marriage o men who share in child rearing and housework have happier marriages, better health, and longer lives